Protein translocation pathway. Medical search. Frequent questions

This ability to exploit structure within a pre-protein is an unexplored area of protein transport, which may apply to other protein transporters, such as those of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. (elifesciences.org)
A proteomics approach revealed that several proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of N -glycoprotein synthesis, are down-regulated upon apratoxin A exposure. (aspetjournals.org)
Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is an essential step during protein entry into the secretory pathway. (lu.se)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
The Sec61 complex forms a protein-conducting channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that is required for secretion of soluble proteins and production of many membrane proteins. (biorxiv.org)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
The contribution of PTEN overexpression was assessed in relation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolding protein response (UPR). (bham.ac.uk)
Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. (manchester.ac.uk)
Mutations in NGLY1 cause an inherited disorder of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. (duke.edu)
PURPOSE: The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway is responsible for the translocation of misfolded proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into the cytosol for subsequent degradation by the proteasome. (duke.edu)
Here, we increased the secretion of a heterologous α-amylase, a model protein used for studying the protein secretory pathway in yeast, by moderately overexpressing SEC16, which is involved in protein translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. (dtu.dk)
A combinatorial library/high throughput screening methodology was designed to optimize translocation of the nascent peptide into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and protein folding within the ER. (sbir.gov)

First, iSN04 governs the translocation of nucleolin protein between the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
NF-κB proteins are inhibited by IκB proteins present in the cytoplasm. (abcam.com)
The protein export is the active transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell, or to the periplasmic compartment in Gram-negative bacteria. (genome.jp)
Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
In a process that was dependent upon the presence of infectious VZV, these proteins rapidly became sequestered in the cytoplasm of VZV-infected cells. (simulations-plus.com)
We suggest that VZV has evolved a mechanism to limit host cell antiviral defenses by sequestering NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm, a strategy that appears to be unique among the herpesviruses. (simulations-plus.com)
Activation of Nrf2 by Cd involved stabilization of the Nrf2 protein, increased formation of Nrf2/Keap1 complex in the cytoplasm, translocation of the complex into the nucleus, and subsequently disruption of the complex. (cdc.gov)

We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
The common regulatory step in both of these cascades is activation of an IκB kinase ( IKK ) complex consisting of catalytic kinase subunits (IKKα and/or IKKβ) and the regulatory non-enzymatic scaffold protein NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator also known as IKKγ). (abcam.com)
These studies have demonstrated that in vivo GH treatment results in the activation of both the JAK/STAT and MAP kinase pathways in hepatic tissue. (aacc.org)
Mechanistically, we found that AMPK activation increased, whereas AMPK inhibition decreased, the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), an inducible nuclear phosphatase, by regulating proteasome-dependent degradation of MKP-1. (diabetesjournals.org)
The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
The ALK gene provides instructions for making a protein called ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (medlineplus.gov)
The activated kinase is able to transfer a phosphate group to another protein inside the cell, which is activated as a result. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the ALK gene change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, the kinase and the downstream signaling pathway are constantly turned on (constitutively activated). (medlineplus.gov)
By combinatorial screening using H4 and molecules with defined targets, we demonstrated that H4 induces differentiation by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and in line with this, activates PKC phosphorylation and translocation of PKC to the cell membrane. (lu.se)
Increased adhesion of the cancer cells depended on activation of cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme that is involved in progression of colon cancers, whereas adhesion of the intestinal epithelial cells was augmented by LTD4-induced translocation of protein kinase C to areas where integrins bind to matrix proteins (focal adhesions). (lu.se)
The class Ia PI3-kinase plays a pivotal role in signal transduction pathways linking insulin with many of its specific cellular responses, including GLUT4 vesicle translocation to the plasma membrane and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3. (lu.se)

Gronowski's studies extended these finding and demonstrated that, within minutes, GH stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus of multiple hepatic proteins. (aacc.org)
Within minutes there is tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus of multiple proteins including Stat1α, Stat1β, Stat3, Erk1, and Erk2, as well as the alteration in mRNA expression of multiple genes. (aacc.org)

Aptamers are single-stranded pieces of DNA that bind to target proteins and are able to modulate signaling cascades during cell differentiation when a stem cell commits to a specific functional role or phenotype. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
For example, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and −9, have been shown to be typical NF-κB target proteins that are responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown and cell invasion ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)

The Tat system is highly unusual because it transports folded proteins of variable sizes across biological membranes while at the same time maintaining the impermeability of the membrane to ions. (wikipedia.org)
Transport of proteins across membranes is a fundamental process, achieved in every cell by the 'Sec' translocon. (elifesciences.org)
The encapsulation and compartmentalisation of cells has necessitated the evolution of machineries that conduct proteins across membranes, including for protein secretion and organellar import. (elifesciences.org)
4) Protein translocation across membranes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Prenylation, the covalent binding of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) moieties to proteins, is a crucial post-translational modification for the regulation of protein localization on cell membranes and, in turn, for key cellular processes. (nature.com)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
In addition, heterologous antisera directed against components of the Toc/Tic translocons and binding of a labeled precursor protein were used to discriminate between inner and outer envelope membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, a dual localization of SecY protein in both cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 was reported [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

She was inspired by the work of Peter D. Mitchell and his work on chemiosmosis during her PhD. Palmer's main research interest is in the processes by which bacteria secrete proteins into their environment. (wikipedia.org)
In bacteria, this comprises SecY, SecE and usually SecG, with the protein-conducting pore running through the centre of SecY. (elifesciences.org)
Bacteriocins are protein antibiotics produced by strains of bacteria that are active against related bacteria. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The Sec translocase which provides a major pathway of protein translocation from the cytosol across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is best investigated in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is another protein transport system that transports folded proteins in bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. (genome.jp)
and several changes to gut integrity, immunity, and pathways that are derivatives toward diseases and even promoting translocation of gut bacteria. (medscape.com)

Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)
Finally, the moderate overexpression of SEC16 was shown to improve the secretion of two other recombinant proteins, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I and Rhizopus oryzae glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase, indicating that this mechanism is of general relevance. (dtu.dk)
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With its ability to secrete high levels of recombinant proteins, the yeast Pichia pastoris is extensively used for protein manufacturing. (sbir.gov)

Exploration of the function and organization of the yeast early secretory pathway through an epistatic miniarray profile. (thebiogrid.org)
Parts derived from human and yeast proteins are outlined with solid and dashed lines, respectively. (biorxiv.org)
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used to produce biopharmaceutical proteins. (dtu.dk)
However, as actual yields vary widely for individual proteins, GlycoFi is focusing on the improvement of protein yields in P. pastoris as part of the company's long term mission to develop yeast-based protein production technology for manufacturing therapeutic proteins with human glycosylation structures. (sbir.gov)
In Phase I of this project a strategy was developed and tested using the model protein alpha 1-antitrypsin for overcoming bottlenecks in yeast secretion that result in less than optimal yields. (sbir.gov)
Proposed Commercial Application: GlycoFi's Humanized Yeast(tm) enables the study of glycosylation structure-function relationships and creates the ability not only to pinpoint the specific glycoforms that optimize the bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and overall efficacy of a therapeutic protein, but also to manufacture them at low cost with a high degree of uniformity. (sbir.gov)

Pax7 was shown to possess a nuclear location signal and KPNA2 was suggested as escort protein for Pax7 translocation into the nucleus. (bham.ac.uk)
The metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, activate the Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, a major intracellular inflammatory cascade that transmits the intracellular signaling to the nucleus ( 2 ), promoting inflammatory response, inducing insulin resistance ( 3 ), and accelerating the development of cardiovascular complications ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
Nucleolar nucleolin has a role in chromatin remodeling and gene transcription, and interestingly enough, Wnt pathway genes were differentially expressed in the RNA-seq data following iSN04 suppression. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
Over two dozen proteins involved in protein import and membrane insertion, peroxins, encoded by PEX genes, have been characterized. (tcdb.org)
It was discovered that while GH induces the transcription of genes such as c-fos, c-jun, insulin-like growth factor-I, and serine protease inhibitor 2.1, it resulted in the acute inhibition of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and albumin gene expression. (aacc.org)
Using human cellular DNA microarrays, we found that many nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-responsive genes were down-regulated in VZV-infected fibroblasts, suggesting that VZV infection inhibited the NF-kappaB pathway. (simulations-plus.com)

She was one of the co-discoverers of the bacterial Tat protein secretion system. (wikipedia.org)
Palmer has initiated work on a second type of protein transporter- the Type VII secretion system (T7SS) in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (wikipedia.org)
In prokaryotes, SecYEG associates with the motor ATPase SecA to carry out translocation for pre-protein secretion. (elifesciences.org)
The bulk of protein secretion and membrane protein insertion is conducted by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. (elifesciences.org)

Our study indicates that apratoxins are new tools to study the secretory pathway and raises the possibility that inhibition of cotranslational translocation may be exploited for anticancer drug development. (aspetjournals.org)
Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by strains of Escherichia coli to kill non-producing strains of the same organims presumably as a method of competitive inhibition. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. (nature.com)

Using in vitro cell free systems, we demonstrated that apratoxin A prevents cotranslational translocation of proteins destined for the secretory pathway. (aspetjournals.org)
The conserved Sec61 protein-conducting channel facilitates polypeptide translocation and coordinates cotranslational polypeptide-processing events. (lu.se)

2011) addresses two of these aspects, the translocation of soluble proteins into the peroxisomal matrix and the biogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane. (tcdb.org)

Plus-strand RNA viruses have evolved numerous ways to limit or block these cellular immune pathways. (nature.com)
The isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is one of the most notorious metabolic processes as it leads to the production of cholesterol and other non-sterol isoprenoids, which are essential in the induction and the maintenance of several cellular processes. (nature.com)
This compartmental organisation demands that newly synthesised proteins are accurately and efficiently targeted to their appropriate sub-cellular locations. (manchester.ac.uk)
The activation of this pathway causes a cellular antiviral response, including the production of alpha/beta interferon, cytokines, and other proteins that restrict viral infection. (simulations-plus.com)
These signaling pathways are important in many cellular processes such as cell growth and division (proliferation) or maturation (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
Cell-cell and cell-matrix complexes of epithelial cells are interconnected through cytoskeletal filaments and proteins, and they influence the activities and outcome of various cellular processes. (lu.se)

Pex4p is a membrane protein that may facilitate cycling of Pex5p back to the cytosol. (tcdb.org)
As shown in Figure 1 , in the absence of oxidative stress, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) keeps Nrf2 sequestered in the cytosol, where it mediates proteasomal degradation of Nrf2 [ 25 - 27 ]. (hindawi.com)

The canonical pathway activates NF-κB dimers comprising RelA, c-Rel, RelB, and p50. (abcam.com)
One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
The study provided a mechanistic transcriptional model in which Cd activates Nrf2 through a metal-activated signaling pathway involving a dynamic interplay between ubiquitination/deubiquitination and complex formation/dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1. (cdc.gov)

2013). A cargo-centered perspective on the PEX5 receptor-mediated peroxisomal protein import pathway . (up.pt)
In the canonical signaling pathway , binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor such as a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily leads to the recruitment of adaptors (such as TRAF) to the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor (Figure 1). (abcam.com)
The CysLT1 receptor that specifically serves as receptor for leukotriene D4 (LTD4) has been identified as a G-protein coupled receptor. (lu.se)

Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. (cshlpress.com)
The Sec tranlocation machinery is unable to translocate folded proteins (in contrast to the Tat machinery). (biomedcentral.com)
Second, by the mechanical properties of the transported proteins themselves, as mechanically labile proteins translocate through NPCs faster than mechanically stiff ones. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)

A combination of molecular simulation with hydrogendeuterium-exchange mass spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal an asymmetry across the membrane: ATP-induced conformational changes in the cytosolic cavity promote unfolded pre-protein structure, while the exterior cavity favours its formation. (elifesciences.org)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
It may also provide new insights into the molecular pathways that go awry in common forms of conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which represent major public health concerns [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
Using various assays like RNA sequencing, cell staining and imaging, and molecular interaction and pathway analysis, the researchers investigated iSN04's effect on murine ESCs and iPSCs. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
The aim of this unit is to examine the molecular mechanisms of protein sorting in eukaryotes, and will review recent data demonstrating that some of these processes are fundamental to all living cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
IkappaBalpha levels did not diminish even though the protein became phosphorylated and ubiquitinated, as determined based on detection of the characteristic high-molecular-weight form of the protein, and the 26S proteasome remained functional in VZV-infected cells. (simulations-plus.com)

Sorting of proteins to specific compartments within mitochondria. (manchester.ac.uk)

At that time Palmer was studying 'Protein FA' - the factor d'association needed for the final step in molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
In the last years, Enea extended her expertise to the crystallization of peripheral and integral membrane proteins while working with proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , endolysins and glycosyltransferases. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The universally conserved heterotrimeric Sec61 complex (SecY in prokaryotes) plays essential roles in biosynthesis of more than one third of proteins in all species (for review, see ref. 1 - 4 ). (biorxiv.org)
Over the last 15 years I have developed a research pathway in auxin biosynthesis going back to my degree and PhD work at the Technical University of Munich where I studied the nitrilase pathway in maize auxin biosynthesis and maize tryptophan synthase complex. (brookes.ac.uk)
My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)
Based on this work I won a fellowship from the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies to investigate the subcellular localisation of maize auxin biosynthesis at Dankook University in Seoul which lead to a publication that showed for the first time that both steps of the TAA/YUC pathway of auxin biosynthesis can be ER-localised. (brookes.ac.uk)

START domain-containing proteins (STARDs) are responsible for lipid metabolism. (medsci.org)
In addition, the channel has a seam (lateral gate) in the wall that can open laterally in the plane of the membrane to release transmembrane segments (TMs) of membrane protein clients into the lipid phase. (biorxiv.org)

2016). Bone injury and repair trigger central and peripheral NPY neuronal pathways . (up.pt)
Such neuronal translocation constitutes an additional not generally recognized clearance pathway for inhaled solid UFP, whose significance for humans, however, still needs to be estab- lished. (cdc.gov)

showing the cavities through the channel, with the protein in grey surface, the pre-protein pore constrictions in red (SecY) or purple (SecA) mesh, and the SecY plug in red helix. (elifesciences.org)
The structures indicate that Sec61 inhibitors stabilize the plug domain of Sec61 in a closed state, thereby preventing the protein-translocation pore from opening. (biorxiv.org)
A large pore is formed by transmembrane proteins. (tcdb.org)
Intrinsically disordered regions in Pex13 and Pex5 resemble those found in nuclear pore complex proteins. (tcdb.org)

Usually, protein transport occurs before the nascent protein has folded. (elifesciences.org)

She is known for her work on the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Together they were awarded the 2002 Microbiology Society Fleming Prize Lecture for characterisation of the bacterial twin-arginine protein targeting (Tat) system. (wikipedia.org)
We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
The method harnesses the intrinsic intracellular folding quality control mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway to display an scFv library on the E. coli inner membrane. (jove.com)

A quarter of the E. coli proteome is extracytoplasmic, targeted to a final destination by short, canonical N-terminal sequences that for the most part direct them either to the general secretory or Tat pathway machines. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Learn about NF-κB family structure and signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways. (abcam.com)
The non-canonical pathway is responsible for the activation of p100/RelB complexes and occurs during the development of lymphoid organs responsible for the generation of B and T lymphocytes (Figure 2). (abcam.com)
VZV infection of fibroblasts caused a transient nuclear translocation of p50 and p65, the canonical NF-kappaB family members. (simulations-plus.com)

In this perspective, we discuss this evidence and the associated mechanisms by which mechanics can regulate the nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)

Structural evidence that colicin A protein binds to a novel binding site of TolA protein in Escherichia coli periplasm Journal of Biological Chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
2011). PEX5 protein binds monomeric catalase blocking its tetramerization and releases it upon binding the N-terminal domain of PEX14 . (up.pt)
SecB, binds to candidate proteins preventing them to complete folding prior to export. (biomedcentral.com)
Exclusion of NF-kappaB proteins from nuclei was associated with the continued presence of IkappaBalpha, which binds p50 and p65 and prevents their nuclear accumulation. (simulations-plus.com)

Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)

The prerequisite was the generation of specific antisera directed against cyanelle SecY that allowed immunodetection of the protein on SDS gels from both membrane types separated by sucrose density gradient floatation centrifugation. (biomedcentral.com)
The translocation channel is formed from a conserved trimeric membrane protein complex, called the Sec61/SecY complex. (genome.jp)

Moreover, cells cultured on a plate showed the active form of the YAP protein and the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Palmer purified the protein and identified it as the product of the mobA gene. (wikipedia.org)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
At least 15 translocations involving the ALK gene have been identified in people with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a rare form of cancer involving immune cells called T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This translocation fuses the ALK gene to the NPM gene and results in a fusion protein called NPM-ALK. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, at least seven translocations involving the ALK gene have been identified in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). (medlineplus.gov)
About half of people with IMT have a translocation involving the ALK gene. (medlineplus.gov)

2016). A cell-free organelle-based in vitro system for studying the peroxisomal protein import machinery . (up.pt)
2015). The peroxisomal protein import machinery displays a preference for monomeric substrates . (up.pt)
2009). The peroxisomal protein import machinery - A case report of transient ubiquitination with a new flavor . (up.pt)
This SecYEG complex and the hydrophilic protein SecA, which acts as the translocation ATPase, are the primary components of the Sec translocation machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
The peroxisomal protein import machinery, which shares similarities with chloroplasts, is unique in transporting folded and large (up to 10 nm in diameter) protein complexes into peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)

In cells, the majority of Sec61 is stably associated with a heterotetrameric membrane protein complex, the translocon-associated protein complex (TRAP), yet the mechanism by which TRAP assists in polypeptide translocation remains unknown. (lu.se)
We conclude from our study that the CNS can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopha- ryngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the olfactory nerve. (cdc.gov)
There is also strong support for a mechanism of action for nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis in which inhaled formaldehyde causes DNA-protein crosslinks in nasopharyngeal tissue. (who.int)
The proton-conducting pathway of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) contains at University, PO Box 124 least nine internal water molecules that are thought to be key players in SE-22100 Lund, Sweden the proton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)
Our results show that at least seven, and ton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)

2017). Determining the topology of peroxisomal proteins using protease protection assays . (up.pt)
2017). The peroxisomal matrix protein translocon is a large cavity-forming protein assembly into which PEX5 protein enters to release its cargo . (up.pt)
2006). The import competence of a peroxisomal membrane protein is determined by Pex19p before the docking step . (up.pt)
C-terminal PTS1 [(SAC)-(KRH)-(LM)] and N-terminal PTS2 [(RK)-(LIV)-X 5 -(HQ)-(LA)] targeting sequences are recognized by Pex5p and Pex7p, respectively, which may shuttle with the substrate protein to the peroxisomal lumen. (tcdb.org)
Most peroxisomal membrane proteins do not have PTS1 or PTS2, and insertion requires several peroxins distinct from those required for import of soluble matrix proteins. (tcdb.org)

In general, cell adhesion favours cell survival signalling, and integrins are the main receptors responsible for mediating the attachment of different types of cells to matrix proteins. (lu.se)

However, this metabolic pathway is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, and recent studies sustain a pivotal role for MVA end-products in the brain. (nature.com)

2009). Mapping the cargo protein membrane translocation step into the PEX5 cycling pathway . (up.pt)

therefore, p50 and p52 homodimers repress transcription unless they are bound to a protein containing a TAD, such as RelA, c-Rel or RelB or Bcl-3 (a related transcriptional co-activator). (abcam.com)

GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. (medsci.org)
Therefore, we hypothesized that there may be a protein that acts as a tumor inhibitor during these early stages of life, preventing the development of leukemia. (lu.se)

They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)

This imbalance has at least two direct consequences: damage to individual components of the living cell and induction of inflammatory pathways that further perpetuate the damage. (hindawi.com)
Leukotrienes belong to a family of biologically active conjugated trienes that are formed from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and are important mediators of inflammatory reactions. (lu.se)

1. Zeth K, Sancho-Vaello E, Okuda M. (2019) Metal positions and translocation pathways of the dodecameric ferritin-like protein Dps. (birmingham.ac.uk)

NDRs are functionally important in proteins throughout the three kingdoms of life as well as being implicated in cancer, amyloid diseases and bacterial pathogenesis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Many Tat systems comprise three functionally different membrane proteins, TatA, TatB, and TatC, but TatA and TatE seem to have overlapping functions, with TatA having by far the more important role. (genome.jp)
More- over, internal water exchange is believed to be governed by confor- mational ¯uctuations in the protein and can therefore provide information about the thermal accessibility of functionally important con- formational substates. (lu.se)

Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
The type I/III IFN pathways are directly involved in protecting neighboring cells from virus spread and are vital for the immediate cell-intrinsic antiviral response. (nature.com)

2017) The human antimicrobial peptides dermcidin and LL-37 show novel distinct pathways in membrane interactions. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)

This fact has previously been related to the translocation of the mechanosensing Yes-associated protein (YAP) to the nuclei and Rho signaling pathway. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In eukaryotes, secretory proteins are first translocated into the ER by the Sec61 complex before reaching the cell surface by vesicular trafficking. (biorxiv.org)
The Sec61 complex also mediates membrane integration of many proteins, including most cell surface receptors and cell adhesion molecules. (biorxiv.org)

Second, it results in the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway that governs cell differentiation. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
Only a small number of stimuli are known to activate NF-κB via this pathway and these factors include lymphotoxin B and B cell-activating factor (BAFF). (abcam.com)
The sec dependent pathway is the general protein export system that transports newly synthesized proteins into or across the cell membrane. (genome.jp)
We found that LTD4 caused dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton in intestinal epithelial cells, and an important factor in this context was the impact of this leukotriene on the actin-binding protein vinculin, which included inducing translocation of vinculin from a cell-cell to a cell-matrix complex. (lu.se)

Taken together, the present findings indicate that the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is critically involved in the physiological modulation of both emotional and cognitive processes in rodents. (nature.com)

The PTEN-PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was investigated and protein synthesis regulation and Fox03 was found to be impaired. (bham.ac.uk)
The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of a comprehensive and protective antioxidant response [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)

This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system-the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. (hindawi.com)

The envelope translocase can be envisaged as a prokaryotic feature missing in higher plant chloroplasts but retained in cyanelles, likely for protein transport to the periplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)

Anatomy47

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes86

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care2

Endoplasmic13

Cytoplasm8

Kinase15

Phosphorylation and translocation2

Target proteins3

Membranes8

Bacteria6

Recombinant3

Yeast7

Nucleus2

Genes5

Secretion4

Inhibition3

Cotranslational2

Soluble proteins1

Cellular6

Cytosol2

Activates4

Receptor3

Translocate3

Chemokines1

Molecular6

Mitochondria1

Biosynthesis6

Lipid2

Neuronal2

Pore4

Nascent1

Twin-arginine4

Canonical4

Cytoplasmic2

Binds4

Lipids1

SecY2

Focal adhesions1

Gene13

Machinery5

Mechanism5

Peroxisomal5

Matrix proteins1

Eukaryotic cells1

PEX51

Transcription1

Tumor2

Enzymes1

Inflammatory2

20191

Functionally3

Antiviral2

Interactions2

Nuclei1

Sec612

Cell6

Biosynthetic1

Regulation2

Keap11

Periplasm1

Viral1