Protein transcription cyclin d2. Medical search. Frequent questions

This strategy identified Cyclin D2 (CCND2) as a crucial transmitter of RUNX1/ETO-driven leukemic propagation. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
data indicate that linc00598 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and proliferation through its ability to regulate the transcription of CCND2. (cusabio.cn)
MiR-497 significantly suppressed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle through the CCND2 protein. (cusabio.cn)
Both CCND1- and CCND2-expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell-cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR.Differential expression of D-cyclin does not appear to affect cell-cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage. (cusabio.cn)
Cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) is an essential gene for folliculogenesis, as null mutation in mice impairs granulosa cell proliferation in response to FSH. (montclair.edu)
These results showed a CRE within the upstream region of Ccnd2 that is (at least partly) implicated in the stimulation and repression of cyclin D2 transcription. (montclair.edu)

Cyclins are eukaryotic proteins that form holoenzymes with cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdk), which they activate. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin A and E dependent kinase complexes also function to inhibit the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C activating subunit Cdh1 through phosphorylation, which stabilizes substrates such as cyclin A. The coordinated activation of this sequence of interrelated positive feedback loops through cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases drives commitment to cell division to and past the G1/S checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Kmt2d loss increases activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), EGFR and ERBB2, partly through reprogramming the chromatin landscape to repress the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases. (bvsalud.org)
Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 4 and 6-like Serine/Threonine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6-like subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
The CDK4/6-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)

Rb reduces its binding to E2F and thereby allows E2F-mediated activation of the transcription of cyclin E and cyclin A, which bind to Cdk1 and Cdk2 respectively to create complexes that continue with Rb phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. (cusabio.cn)
In this model of stress-induced cell senescence using DFO and H 2 O 2 , the phosphorylation profile of glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α) and β corresponded closely to the expression profile of the mature form of SREBP-1 protein. (koreamed.org)
Endogenous regulation of the cell cycle depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the cyclin- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. (jcancer.org)
CVT-313 treatment reduced cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) on T821, but did not affect cyclin D-cdk4/6-mediated Rb phosphorylation on S807/811. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

The transcription of several genes have been found to be increased by this pathway, including cyclins D1, D2 and D3, VEGF, c-myc, b3-integrin and mdm2. (kinexusproducts.ca)
The CD274/JNK/Cyclin D2 pathway promotes the cell cycle entry of LIC. (cusabio.cn)
The cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway is unique as it is independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and differs from growth factor-dependent pathways at the level of the expression of several protooncogenes/transcription factors. (ac.be)
Here, microinjections of a cyclin D3 antibody showed that cyclin D3 is essential in the TSH/ cAMP-dependent mitogenesis, but not in the pathway of growth factors that induce cyclins D1 and D2. (ac.be)
FOXO proteins are regulated by the insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, a complex biological signaling system conserved across multiple organisms, from worms to mammals. (foundmyfitness.com)

In general, all stages of the cell cycle are chronologically separated in humans and are triggered by cyclin-Cdk complexes which are periodically expressed and partially redundant in function. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin D levels in proliferating cells are sustained as long as the growth factors are present, a key player for G1/S transition is active cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins contain a conserved amino acid sequence motif, the cyclin box, which allows their binding to cdks to form active complexes that regulate progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. (cusabio.cn)
TSH and EGF+serum also induced a previously undescribed nuclear translocation of cdk4, the assembly of precipitable cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes, and the Rb kinase activity of these complexes. (ac.be)

Viral cyclin D binds human Cdk6 and inhibits Rb by phosphorylating it, resulting in free transcription factors which result in protein transcription that promotes passage through G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
It is found predominantly in the cell's nucleus, where it binds to DNA and influences transcription, but also in the cytoplasm - the watery part of the cell. (foundmyfitness.com)

CDK4 and CDK6 partner with D-type cyclins to regulate the early G1 phase of the cell cycle. (umbc.edu)
CDK4 and CDK6 are both expressed ubiquitously, associate with all three D cyclins (D1, D2 and D3), and phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. (umbc.edu)

Namely, cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex partially phosphorylates retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb), whose inhibition can induce expression of some genes (for example: cyclin E) important for S phase progression. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is composed of different amino acid residues as the same patch in cyclins E, A, and B. Growth factors stimulate the Ras/Raf/ERK that induce cyclin D production. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin C associates with Cdk8, forming a complex which can induce gene transcription of Cdc2 (Cdk1). (bdbiosciences.com)
Unlike epidermal growth factor (EGF)+serum and other cAMP-independent mitogens, TSH did not induce the accumulation of cyclins D1 and D2 and partially inhibited the basal expression of the most abundant cyclin D3. (ac.be)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)

Other than Rb, viral cyclin D-Cdk6 complex also targets p27Kip, a Cdk inhibitor of cyclin E and A. In addition, viral cyclin D-Cdk6 is resistant to Cdk inhibitors, such as p21CIP1/WAF1 and p16INK4a which in human cells inhibits Cdk4 by preventing it from forming an active complex with cyclin D. Cyclin D possesses a tertiary structure similar to other cyclins called the cyclin fold. (wikipedia.org)

Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
In proliferating cells, cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex accumulation is of great importance for cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin C may play a dual role within the cell in its ability to regulate both cell cycle progression as well as gene transcription. (bdbiosciences.com)
Because Cdc2 kinase is important for cell entry into mitosis, cyclin C's ability to regulate cell cycle progression may be attributed, in part, to modulation of Cdc2 protein expression.6 Cyclin C has a predicted molecular weight of 36 kD. (bdbiosciences.com)
Our results provide novel insights into the function of EBNA3C on cell progression by regulating the cyclin D2 protein and raise the possibility of the development of new anticancer therapies against EBV-associated cancers. (cusabio.cn)
This study examined the involvement of D-type G1 cyclins and their associated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk4) in the cAMP-dependent G1 phase progression of dog thyroid cells. (ac.be)
Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 10, is reported to play an essential role in the progression from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. (jcancer.org)

More recently, cyclins are being shown to have additional functions not restricted to cell cycle regulation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Group 3 cyclins (G1, G2 and I) may play a role distinct from either cell cycle or transcriptional regulation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Using primary cultures of rat granulosa cells and immortalized mouse granulosa cells, we demonstrate a mechanism for the regulation of cyclin D2 at the level of transcription via a PKA-dependent signaling mechanism. (montclair.edu)
The oncogenic activity of Myc family proteins is initiated when their transcriptional regulation is disrupted by events such as gene amplification and gene translocation, which typically lead to elevated cellular Myc levels. (silverchair.com)

One of the members of the pathways, MAPK activates a transcription factor Myc, which alters transcription of genes important in cell cycle, among which is cyclin D. In this way, cyclin D is synthesized as long as the growth factor is present. (wikipedia.org)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Members of the 'O' class of FOX proteins provide the instructions for genes responsible for regulating cellular replication and senescence, resistance to oxidative stress, metabolism, and DNA repair. (foundmyfitness.com)
This domain occurred 402 times on human genes ( 935 proteins). (umbc.edu)
Further, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine can also regulate the expression of genes/proteins involved in various functions such as ERK1/2, CREB, and c-FOS [ 20 - 22 ], as well as the expression state of multiple biochemical pathways, for example, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol phosphatase signaling, growth factor signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways [ 23 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)

Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (cusabio.cn)
SREBP1 is a master transcription factor that regulates the expression of several lipogenic enzymes, including ATP citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) [ 11 ]. (koreamed.org)

The polyclonal antiserum reacts with human and mouse cyclin C. A polypeptide fragment containing amino acids 290-303 (QGPNGSQNSSYSQS) at the C-terminus of human cyclin C, with the addition of a C-terminal cysteine (C) residue to facilitate conjugation to KLH, was used as immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
This was Rabbit Polyclonal to Cyclin D2 consistent with the findings demonstrated in human keratinocytes [31]. (phytid.org)

The abundance of cyclins is generally regulated by protein synthesis and degradation through APC/C- and CRL-dependent pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, co-targeting the aberrant cyclin and FGFR pathways resulted in long-term exceptional response in a patient with refractory advanced osteosarcoma. (biomedcentral.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

It is estimated that microRNAs regulate production of approximately 60% of all human proteins and enzymes that are responsible for major physiological processes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)

cyclin D2 acts as regulator of cell cycle proteins affecting SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in non-proliferating macrophages. (cusabio.cn)
We analyzed the role of transcription factor Zfx, a recently identified regulator of stem cell maintenance, in B cell development and homeostasis. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a critical regulator of bone resorption and augments osteolysis in skeletal malignancies. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
B-RAF is a known oncoprotein (OP). Cancer-related mutations in human tumours point to a gain of function of the protein kinase. (kinexusproducts.ca)

The promoter activity of cyclin D2 was shown to be induced by FSH and the catalytic alpha subunit of PKA (PRKACA), and this activity was repressible by inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), a cAMP response element (CRE) modulator isoform. (montclair.edu)

One of the best known substrates of cyclin D/Cdk4 and -6 is the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb). (wikipedia.org)

Cyclin D has no effect on G1/S transition unless it forms a complex with Cdk 4 or 6. (wikipedia.org)
After transcription, Pri-miRNA is cleaved by the enzymatic complex DROSHA into a micro-RNA precursor (pre-miRNA). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
They are also regulated by the INK4 family of inhibitors which associate with either the CDK alone or the CDK/cyclin complex. (umbc.edu)

No. 558903) was titrated from 1:4000 to 1:12,000 (lanes 1 to 3) and identifies cyclin at ~ 36 kD. (bdbiosciences.com)

In mice and humans, two more cyclin D proteins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)

The yeast homologue of cyclin D, referred to as CLN3, interacts with Cdc28 (cell division control protein) during G1. (wikipedia.org)

STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)

We have previously shown that excretory-secretory product-62 (ES-62), a homologue of phosphorylcholine-containing molecules that are secreted by human parasites and which is active in rodent models of filarial infection, is able to polyclonally activate certain protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activating protein kinase signal transduction elements in B lymphocytes. (eurekamag.com)

Metformin Enhances the Effect of Regorafenib and Inhibits Recurrence and Metastasis of Hepatic Carcinoma After Liver Resection via Regulating Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factors 2α (HIF-2α) and 30 kDa HIV Tat-Interacting Protein (TIP30). (cancerindex.org)

In viruses, like Saimiriine herpesvirus 2 (Herpesvirus saimiri) and Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) cyclin D homologues (one member of a chromosome pair) have acquired new functions in order to manipulate the host cell's metabolism to the viruses' benefit. (wikipedia.org)
Human Cyclin C polypeptide fragment aa. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cyclin C has been identified in both human and chicken species. (bdbiosciences.com)
No immunoreactivity on protein dot blots with recombinant human Raf1. (kinexusproducts.ca)
In silico analysis of the mouse, rat, and human cyclin D2 promoters identified two CRE-binding protein sites, a conserved proximal element and a less conserved distal element relative to the translation start site. (montclair.edu)

However, TSH stimulation enhanced the nuclear detection of cyclin D3. (ac.be)

Enhanced lipogenesis plays a critical role in cell senescence via induction of expression of the mature form of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), which contributes to an increase in organellar mass, one of the indicators of senescence. (koreamed.org)
We suggested a more plausible explanation based on the results of our recent study, which found that enhanced lipogenesis in response to expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1, also known as SREBF1) is involved in the increase in the organellar mass observed in senescent cells [ 10 ]. (koreamed.org)

The protein may be useful as a tumor marker. (cancerindex.org)
3 Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) and Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. (nih.gov)

Cyclin D protein is anywhere from 155 (in zebra mussel) to 477 (in Drosophila) amino acids in length. (wikipedia.org)

Like many cyclins, the expression of cyclin C oscillates throughout the cell cycle, with a peak observed during G1 phase. (bdbiosciences.com)
Yet, the responsive elements and transcription factors accounting for the gene expression of cyclin D2 in the ovary have not been fully characterized. (montclair.edu)
[3] FOXO proteins translate these cues into changes in gene expression that modulate and coordinate an organism's longevity and overall health. (foundmyfitness.com)

The three homologues, called cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3 are expressed in most proliferating cells and the relative amounts expressed differ in various cell types. (wikipedia.org)
No significant cross-reactive proteins detected in HEK-293, HeLa and TG98 cells, and in sea star oocytes. (kinexusproducts.ca)
Consistent with the prior reviews, publicity of Cl41 cells with either UVB or arsenite by itself lead in boosts in COX-2 phrase (Figs 2A and 2B), whereas arsenite at 5 Meters got a co-inductive impact with UVB on COX-2 proteins phrase (Fig. 2C). (phytid.org)

B-Raf (RAFB1) is a protein-serine/threonine kinase of the TKL group and RAF family. (kinexusproducts.ca)
dachshund family transcription f. (gsea-msigdb.org)
hes family bHLH transcription fa. (gsea-msigdb.org)
FOXO proteins are members of the FOX family of highly conserved transcriptional regulators. (foundmyfitness.com)
CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. (umbc.edu)

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein (RBP) localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (bvsalud.org)

Oncogenic transcription factors such as the leukemic fusion protein RUNX1/ETO, which drives t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), constitute cancer-specific but highly challenging therapeutic targets. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

In some scenarios, FOXO blocks the cell cycle by switching on cell cycle inhibitors (such as p21 and p27) or switching off cell cycle activators (cyclin D1/D2). (foundmyfitness.com)

The identity of this protein has not been determined, but may represent an alternative splice product of the cyclin C gene, as has been identified in other species. (bdbiosciences.com)

G protein-coupled receptor 20 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)

It was found to reflect both the unmasking of an epitope of cyclin D3 close to its domain of interaction with cdk4, and the nuclear translocation of cyclin D3. (ac.be)

These EV contain a lipid bilayer associated to membrane proteins. (frontiersin.org)

This was accompanied by aberrantly enhanced and prolonged integrated stress response, and delayed induction of Cyclin D2 and Bcl-xL proteins. (gsea-msigdb.org)

however a 45 kD protein may also be observed in some cell types using the antiserum. (bdbiosciences.com)
The primary microRNA (Pri-miRNA) is produced in the cell nucleus through the transcription of a DNA strand mediated by RNA polymerase II [ 2 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
FOXO proteins' ability to shuttle between sites within the cell places them at the nexus of essential cellular processes. (foundmyfitness.com)

The first five-helix bundle is a conserved cyclin box, a region of about 100 amino acid residues on all cyclins, which is needed for Cdk binding and activation. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs136

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

CCND26

Kinases7

Phosphorylation5

Pathway5

Complexes5

Binds2

CDK4 and CDK62

Induce5

Cdk61

Progression8

Regulation4

Genes5

Regulates2

Polyclonal2

Pathways3

Regulate1

Regulator3

Mutations2

Subunit1

Retinoblastoma1

Complex3

Identifies1

Humans1

Interacts1

Substrates1

Tyrosine1

Inhibits1

Human5

Stimulation1

Regulatory2

Tumor2

Amino acids1

Expression3

Cells3

Family5

Cytoplasm1

Oncogenic1

Molecules1

Inhibitors1

Species1

Receptor1

Translocation1

Membrane1

Induction1

Cell3

Residues1