• Caspases are activated in apoptotic cells and cleave intracellular protein substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspases cleave keratin 18 at two sites during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)
  • CASP3 , CASP6 , CASP7 ) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell resulting in the apoptotic process. (wikidoc.org)
  • Active caspases can then cleave many proteins, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), other caspases and other protein substrates en masse. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Routinely tested for its ability to cleave the caspase-1 colorimetric substrate Ac-YVAD- p NA (Prod. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The effector caspases cleave their cellular specific substrates and generate the typical morphology of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following activation, they have proteolytic activity and cleave specific substrates. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)
  • Active caspase-9, in turn, activates executioner caspases-3 and -7. (jneurosci.org)
  • For instance, caspase-3 indirectly activates CAD (caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease) while inactivating ICAD (inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease), which contributes to chromatin fragmentation in nucleosome units. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • It activates various caspases and cleaves proteins such as aggrecan (3). (rndsystems.com)
  • This in turn induces the recruitment of adapter proteins (FADD, TRADD o RAIDD) to form the so-called death-inducing signal complex (DISC), which activates caspase-8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, caspase 8 activates effector caspases by catalytic cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial involvement in apoptosis is evidenced by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane, opening of mitochondrial transition pores, disruption of the electron transport chain, generation of reactive oxygen species, and translocation of cytochrome cto the cytoplasm, where it activates caspases. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • Using functional proteomics approaches, our lab focus on characterizing how protease substrates play critical roles in such vital processes, to advances our knowledge about the role of these proteases in human diseases. (ualberta.ca)
  • Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
  • They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)
  • One of the most consistently observed characteristics of apoptosis is the activation of a series of cytosolic proteases called caspases. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Caspase-1 is the prototypical member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Caspases are a family of proteases that have central functions in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breaching the mitochondrial OM releases apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c and DIABLO (also known as Smac), which activate a group of aspartate-specific proteases known as caspases ( Youle and Strasser, 2008 ). (biologists.com)
  • Caspase-3 cleaves the death substrate PARP to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. (thomassci.com)
  • Active caspase identifies multiple molecules as substrates and cleaves them, leading to biological events associated with apoptosis. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • After being activated by active cathepsin C, rhGranzyme B cleaves a thioester substrate described previously (3). (rndsystems.com)
  • The BD ® Calcium Assay Kits enable the measurement of intracellular calcium changes caused by activation of G-protein coupled receptors or calcium channels, quickly and easily, by flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Surprisingly, inhibition of caspase activity using z-VAD.fmk, a universal peptide inhibitor of caspases, failed to significantly extend viability in batch culture although it did prevent cleavage of known intracellular caspase substrates. (mit.edu)
  • Apoptotic cell death follows well-defined time-depend-ent processes, which result in changes in the plasma membrane, proteolysis of intracellular proteins, loss of mitochondrial function, and characteristic DNA cleavage. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • Ultimately, the caspase cascade leads to the cleavage of target intracellular proteins resulting in their activation or degradation. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • FLICATM probe primarily based assays, which are available from several suppliers, are composed of an affinity peptide inhibitor sequence, a fluoromethyl ketone moiety that facilitates an irreversible binding event using the activated caspase enzyme, as well as a fluorescent tag reporter. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays were performed to establish physical interactions of representative proteins with PfK13-p. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: The co-immunoprecipitation assays identified 17 proteins with distinct functions in the parasite life cycle- protein folding, cellular metabolism, and protein binding and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)
  • By Western blot, this antibody recognizes a 116 kDa protein which corresponds to PARP and the 85 kDa apoptosis-induced cleavage product of prICE and CPP32 from rat thymus extract. (thermofisher.com)
  • Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) NAD as a substrate to catalyse the transfer of ADP-ribose to a variety of nuclear protein acceptors. (thermofisher.com)
  • Proteolysis of PARP to its stable 85kDa fragment is an early marker of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and is mediated by the caspase CPP32 protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • We demonstrated that the Ni-CE strain induced DNA fragmentation, cell membrane disruption, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), activation of caspase-3/7 and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, an early apoptosis indicator, whereas the Nishigahara strain did not induce DNA fragmentation, caspase-3/7 activation, cell membrane disruption, or PARP-1 cleavage, but did induce PS exposure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes which were clogged with 5% BSA/TBS-T and probed using antibodies against P-AKTT308 P-AKTS473 Actin P-S6S240/244 PARP cleaved caspase-3 PR (Cell Signaling) and ER (Santa Cruz). (sciencepop.org)
  • CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upregulation of miR‑133b‑5p contributes to HPC‑mediated cardioprotection in cardiomyocytes, and the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 apoptotic signaling. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Protein synthesis inhibition in CHO cells led to rapid death, indicating that CHO cells were pre-disposed to death and that survival proteins needed to be continuously synthesized to protect cells from death. (mit.edu)
  • Inhibition of miR‑132 activated PGC‑1α/Nrf2 signalling and inhibited oxidative stress and the expression of the pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and IL‑1β, which were all reversed by inhibiting SIRT1 with EX527. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Studies does in mice showed that bromelain induced apoptosis-related proteins along with inhibition of NF-kappaB-driven Cox-2 expression by blocking the MAPK and Akt/protein kinase B signaling in DMBA-TPA-induced skin tumors . (shu.edu)
  • The linker region between the BIR1 and BIR2 is implicated in the inhibition of caspase-3 and -7 whereas the BIR2 domain inhibits caspase-7 in a non-competitive manner [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Bcl-2 proteins influence cell survival primarily by controlling the mitochondrial response to apoptotic signals, although direct inhibition of caspase activity may occur. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • The Weblogo alignment [29] of supplementary framework components around cleavage sites (20 proteins) demonstrated that 60% of components are symbolized by coils, 30% by -helices, and around 10% by -bed sheets (Amount 2), relative AUY922 inhibition to previously observations [39,41,44] (Desk S6). (biopaqc.com)
  • Curiously, the prevalence value for the two thirds of the human being caspase targets is around 1, suggesting that there is mostly no difference between the percentage of coils in areas immediately surrounding the cleavage site AUY922 inhibition and in more distant sequences (Number 2b). (biopaqc.com)
  • This feature suggests that proteolysis will most likely happen within the hydrophilic portions of AUY922 inhibition proteins, because these revealed parts would be more accessible for cleavage. (biopaqc.com)
  • Initiator caspases possess a longer prodomain than the effector caspases, whose prodomain is very small. (wikidoc.org)
  • This allows them to autoactivate, so that they can then proceed to activate the effector caspases. (wikidoc.org)
  • There are several methods developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins, but currently none of them can be used to predict caspase cleavage sites from multiple proteins or entire proteomes, or to use several classifiers in combination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three different pattern recognition classifiers were developed for predicting caspase cleavage sites from protein sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evaluation of the classifiers with quality measures indicated that all of the three classifiers performed well in predicting caspase cleavage sites, and when combining different classifiers the accuracy increased further. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed Pripper, a tool for reading an arbitrary number of proteins in FASTA format, predicting their caspase cleavage sites and outputting the cleaved sequences to a new FASTA format sequence file. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prediction of caspase cleavage sites from proteins is not a trivial task due to the heterogeneity of target sequences, and several different tools have been developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • b) Distribution of coil prevalence beliefs of individual caspase cleavage sites, computed as defined in the written text. (biopaqc.com)
  • Most Vertebrate Caspase Cleavage Sites are Located within Hydrophilic Surroundings Proteins in aqueous conditions, such as the cytosol, tend to have hydrophobic residues hidden within their structure and hydrophilic amino acids exposed to the surface [45]. (biopaqc.com)
  • Thereafter, hydrophilicity of cleavage sites facilitating caspase digestion of the protein would make the respective substrates more important for apoptosis. (biopaqc.com)
  • A lot of the vertebrate caspase cleavage sites can be found within a hydrophilic environment, needlessly to say (Amount 3a), and so are most likely exposed at the top of proteins. (biopaqc.com)
  • BD Biosciences carries a variety of reagents to measure caspases, particularly caspase-3. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • BD Biosciences provides a variety of reagents for the identification and quantification of caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • MBLI 's APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kit detects caspase activity in cell extract with LEHD-pNA as a substrate, in which LEHD sequence is recognised by each active caspase selectively. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • The CaspGLOWTM staining program detects active caspase-9 in mammalian cells using FITC-conjugated LEHD-fluoromethyl ketone, a particular inhibitor of caspase-9, that is cell permeable and irreversibly binds to the active enzyme. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Caspases-9, -8 and -3 have been implicated in apoptosis-caspase-9 in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-8 in the Fas/CD95 pathway, and caspase-3 more downstream, activated by multiple pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using these results, a pathway for apoptosis in CHO cells, focusing on the caspases and bcl-2, was suggested. (mit.edu)
  • and the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by cellular stress and is regulated primarily at the level of mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • By contrast, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway can activate caspases without the participation of mitochondria. (biologists.com)
  • However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
  • Caspases, a class of proteins found to be universally important in inducing apoptosis, were found to be activated in apoptotic CHO cells. (mit.edu)
  • M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the detection of soluble caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, K18-Asp396, formerly cytokeratin 18, ccCK18 or CK18-Asp396). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)
  • Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)
  • Caspase-1 exists in cells as an inactive 45kDa pro-enzyme. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • In THP-1 cells, a large proportion of the caspase-1 is present in the inactive pro-enzyme form. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (cancerindex.org)
  • The groups used very different isolation methods (i.e., expression cloning, protein purification, genomics), yet all identified the same enzyme and concurred that it possessed all the known characteristics of β-secretase ( Fig. 1 ) ( Cole and Vassar, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • AnaSpec offers a portfolio of thirty eight non-fluorescent enzyme substrates. (anaspec.com)
  • In this way, caspases recruit and activate proteins involved in the apoptotic process (eg, caspase-dependent endonuclease), inactivate survival proteins (eg, the extracellularly responsive kinases and the DNA repair enzyme poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase), and act directly on cytoskeletal proteins, resulting in plasma membrane changes. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • Both known caspase cleavage products as well as novel cleavage products were identified using the database demonstrating the usefulness of the tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative MS-based enzymology of caspases reveals distinct protein substrate specificities, hierarchies, and cellular roles. (ualberta.ca)
  • Monitor apoptosis and proliferation along with other cellular processes such as protein phosphorylation or cytokine secretion within heterogeneous cell populations using flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This caspase-cascade plays a central role in the induction and transduction of apoptotic signals, as well as in the regulation of immunity, cellular proliferation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein family is comprised by X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), cellular IAP-1 (c-IAP1), cellular IAP-2 (c-IAP2), Testis specific IAP (Ts-IAP), survivin, livin and BRUCE/Apollon [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DFFA is encoded by an alternatively encrypted mRNAs originating two distinct forms: short (ICAD-S) and long (ICAD-L), which act like a specific chaperone ensuring the correct CAD's folding Besides, it contains two aspartic acid residues (Asp117 and Asp224) where CAD is identified and, consequently, it stays bounded until Caspase-3 splits this union. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspases are activated upon cleavage at aspartate residues during the earliest stages of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We also examined the dataset of proteins obtained by the quantitative proteomics analysis using two tools, Downstream Effect Analysis and Upstream Regulator Analysis of the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. (oncotarget.com)
  • Caspases activated early in the process (initiators) act on downstream caspases (effectors) in a caspase cascade via feedback amplification. (latestfashiontips.com)
  • The exact contribution that the cleavage of many caspase substrates makes to the biochemistry and morphology of apoptosis is unclear. (wikidoc.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (cancerindex.org)
  • Caspase belongs to the cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease family, which gets activated by various signals such as death receptor ligation, DNA damage, serum starvation, and stresses. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Can inflammation occur under caspase-proficient conditions? (nature.com)
  • We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Caspase also recognises several structural proteins as substrates, leading to cleavage that is associated with distinct morphological changes in apoptotic cells, including chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasmic integrity. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • We further created the thought of caspase structural choices and hypothesized the substrate cleavage site should be more accessible for proteolysis if it is located not only in an unstructured region, but within the loop between two organized areas. (biopaqc.com)
  • Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are first synthesized as inactive pro-caspases , that consist of a prodomain, a small subunit and a large subunit. (wikidoc.org)
  • Yet another approach requires the usage of a fluorescently labeled inhibitor peptide that binds to the active web page of your caspase or FLICATM-Fluorescent-Labeled Inhibitor Caspase. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Caspase-3 activation is a cell requirement during early stages of the skeletal myoblast differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
  • The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • The activation of caspase‑8 and caspase‑3 were measured by western blot analysis to detect the cleaved fragments as well as a colorimetric assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To date the mechanism of regulation of caspase-1 activation is complex and poorly understood. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. (lu.se)
  • Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
  • These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • DN caspase-9 (provided courtesy of Emad S. Alnmeri, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA) has been reported to inhibit the caspase cascade ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • ICAD has two caspase recognition sites at Asp117 and Asp224. (wikipedia.org)
  • The caspase-3 His-237 stabilizes the target Aspartate causing the break of the association of ICAD and CAD leaving the endonuclease CAD active allowing it to degrade chromosomal DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cleavage and inactivation of ICAD/DFF45 by a caspase allows CAD to enter the nucleus and fragment the DNA, causing the characteristic 'DNA ladder' seen in apoptotic cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • pNA (4-nitroaniline)-derived caspase substrates are widely used for the colorimetric detection of various caspase activities. (eurogentec.com)
  • The detection of caspase activity is crucial for apoptosis research. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kits are composed of reagents necessary for the detection, which includes Cell Lysis buffer, Reaction buffer and so on. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
  • We show that Pripper is a valuable tool in identifying novel caspase target proteins from modern proteomics experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All are based on the use of synthetic tetrapeptide substrates that are designed such that proteolytic cleavage by active human or mouse caspases results in release of a fluorophore or chromophore. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Following this discovery, the other mammalian caspases, in addition to caspases in other organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , were soon identified and characterised. (wikidoc.org)
  • We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Protein concentrations of supernatants were determined by BCA assay (Pierce). (sciencepop.org)
  • Additionally, Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1 formed a complex with PfK13-p, which is evident from the pull-down assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • These molecules respond to stimuli which cause the clustering of the initiator caspases. (wikidoc.org)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • It also depends on the activity of a protein or a common signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The translated protein has a molecular weight of about 60 kD and exhibits NAD + -dependent deacetylase activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Identification and quantification of caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Our analyses confirm the association of the proteome profile observed in BAG3-silenced cells with an increase in cell survival and a decrease in cell proliferation and invasion, and highlight the possible involvement of four tumor suppressor miRNAs and TP53/63 proteins in BAG3 activity. (oncotarget.com)
  • ApoStat CCL15 Proteins Biological Activity Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptEur J Immunol. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • out there in PMC 2020 July ten.Cossarizza et al.Page(R D Systems) identifies and quantifies caspase activity in apoptotic cells by irreversibly labeling cells with a cell permeable, FITC-conjugated pan-caspase inhibitor (ApoStat). (amparinhibitor.com)
  • Any unbound reagent diffuses out of your cell and is washed away, with an enhanced fluorescence becoming indicative of caspase activity. (amparinhibitor.com)
  • For example, the dysregulation of caspases underlies several human diseases that include cancer and inflammatory disorders, and a better understanding of these enzymes is of great importance in order to design new therapies. (ualberta.ca)
  • This is because they are inflammatory caspases, which in concert with CASP1 , are involved in cytokine maturation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Altogether 15 different caspases have been identified in mammals, and they are grouped into two major subfamilies, inflammatory and apoptotic caspases [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For a caspase-9-specific test, 5 μg of pcWNV-Cp-DJY or pcWNV-CpWT was cotransfected with a dominant negative caspase-9 (DN caspase-9) construct, and cleavage of procaspase-9 protein was determined by Western blot analysis with antihuman caspase-9 antibody (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody binding was recognized using HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies against mouse or rabbit Ig (GE Healthcare) and ECL substrate (Pierce). (sciencepop.org)
  • During sustained exposure to apoptotic stimuli, caspase-mediated cleavage of Beclin 1 generates fragments ('N' and 'C') that lose their ability to induce autophagy. (shu.edu)
  • Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) is a proapoptogenic mitochondrial protein that is released to the cytosol in response to diverse apoptotic stimuli, including commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Familial AD (FAD) cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilins (PS1 and PS2) ( Sisodia and St George-Hyslop, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The levels of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‑1α/nuclear factor erythroid‑2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling, oxidative stress and pyroptosis‑related proteins were detected by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The pyroptosis-related phenotype, including ASC, was identified by immunofluorescence, while levels of NLRP-3, pro-IL-1, and pro-caspase-1 were detected by western blotting. (hindawi.com)
  • this coupled with the unwanted apoptosis that occurs with ischaemia or Alzheimer's disease , has boomed the interest in caspases as potential therapeutic targets since they were discovered in the mid 1990s. (wikidoc.org)
  • The possibility to create a database from predicted caspase cleavage products for the whole genome could significantly aid in identifying novel caspase targets from tandem mass spectrometry based proteomic experiments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A coil prevalence value higher than 1 will become tested later like a criterion to select caspase targets which are most relevant for apoptosis. (biopaqc.com)
  • In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)
  • Dissociation of rabies virus matrix protein functions in regulation of viral RNA synthesis and virus assembly. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Involvement of nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, and matrix protein genes of rabies virus in virulence for adult mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)