• In this study, three different protein extraction methods including phenol/ammonium acetate (phenol method), thiourea/urea solublization (lysis method) and trichloroacetic acid/acetone (TCA method) were evaluated to determine their efficacy in separating Heterodera glycines proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). (usda.gov)
  • In addition to the ornithine-decarboxylase assay, two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis offers promise for evaluating potential biomarkers for occupational and environmental carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The cell lysates of individual cell lines were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (hku.hk)
  • This paper presents preliminary findings for a metallomics study of mercury in the muscle of the fish from Amazonas region - Brazil, after protein separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and subsequent evaluation of mercury by Thermal Decomposition and Amalgamation Coupled with Atomic Absorption (TTA-CAAS). (e3s-conferences.org)
  • An analytical reference map of normal human reflex tears was created using two- dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) with pH 3.5-10 immobilized pH gradients (IPGs). (edu.au)
  • Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to screen for proteins differentially expressed in HIV/AIDS. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot, we found that there are two major PHI-1 spots under resting conditions: a minor spot with an acidic isoelectric point (pI) and a major spot with a more alkaline pI. (uky.edu)
  • Individuals and Techniques: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed on 47 sera from wholesome volunteers, these with chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and HCC sufferers related with HBV and HCV infections. (glucagon-receptor.com)
  • In this work, we analyzed the protein composition of four strains (wild type, FnrP-, NNR- and NarR-mutant strains) grown aerobically, semiaerobically and semiaerobically in the presence of nitrate to discover the global role of FNR-family transcription regulators using proteomics, with data validation at the transcript and genome levels. (nih.gov)
  • 2DE can resolve thousands of protein "spots" on a single gel and is considered a key method in proteomics research. (thermofisher.com)
  • This innovative system makes sensitive protein profiling accessible to both novice and experienced proteomics researchers. (thermofisher.com)
  • To do this we are using a "proteomics" approach in which nematode proteins are separated, identified and quantified using a device called a mass spectrometer. (usda.gov)
  • Proteomics technology was used in order to analyse the proteins of the U2OS cell line. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Analysing changes in the proteome of physiologically or pathologically distinct samples (differential proteomics) enables researchers to identify proteins that are associated with different disease states [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Proteomics approaches using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) were adopted to identify proteins from oil palm that were differentially expressed in response to the fungus. (mpob.gov.my)
  • Proteomics illustrates that certain human proteins within the synaptic compartment are involved with changes in the synaptodendritic arbor and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected people. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our proteomics platform allows for the analysis of a high number of samples (high throughput proteomics), for the charactrization of stimulus or desease related proteomic signatures or markers and for a closer look at interesting candidate proteins, their expression profiles and modifications. (marine-biotechnologie.de)
  • Your specialist in contract research, fee-for-service and products for proteomics, biomarker & target discovery and validation, protein identification and characterization with more than a dozen years experience in modern protein analysis and proteomics. (proteome-factory.com)
  • We offer fully supported contract research, fee-for-services and advanced products for gel-based and gel-free proteome analysis (proteomics), protein identification, protein & peptide sequencing, characterization, analysis and epitope mapping by mass spectrometry (MS). (proteome-factory.com)
  • State-of-the-art technologies and methods are routinely employed for differential proteomics studies and quantification and validation of regulated proteins, biomarkers and targets. (proteome-factory.com)
  • As gel-free methods for global comparison of proteomes we employ LCMS-based isobaric labelling techniques like iTRAQ™ and TMT ™ proteomics or label-free nanoHPLC-ESI-MS/MS based approaches. (proteome-factory.com)
  • When absolute quantification is required, MeCAT proteomics is very useful for pharmacokinetics of protein drugs allowing ultrasensitive absolute quantification of intact MeCAT lanthanide labelled proteins down to low attomol range of protein by ICP-MS. Furthermore protein phosphorylation and naturally occurring metalloproteins can be analyzed by quantification of phosphorus or other elements using ICP-MS in parallel. (proteome-factory.com)
  • In plasma proteomics and CSF proteomics we deplete high abundance proteins by affinity removal before applying 2DE or gel-free proteomics methods. (proteome-factory.com)
  • In this study, we used proteomics to detect serum proteins in CC. We found different groups of proteins during the progression from early to terminal phases of the disease. (edu.mx)
  • ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)
  • The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)
  • Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) based quantitative proteomics were used to study differential protein abundance in various B cell types during B cell maturation. (lu.se)
  • A proteome analysis of mammalian glomeruli was performed in mouse using two-dimensional-gel electrophoresis with separate Coomassie and silver staining and subsequent mass spectrometric identifications. (researchgate.net)
  • A crucial aspect to achieve a good proteome resolution is the establishment of a methodology that results in the best quality and wide range representation of total proteins. (scite.ai)
  • Knowledge of its protein expression is limited and no comprehensive study on the proteome of this cell line has been reported to date. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Most previous studies have evaluated single proteins, but have not addressed the total chondrocyte proteome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The WFZ-Fungene joins the equipment and expertise for the production of DNA- and protein microarrays, for two dimensional gel electrophoresis as well as for gel free multi dimensional chromatographic proteome analysis. (marine-biotechnologie.de)
  • Proteome Factory is also specialized in providing full services for complete protein sequencing and characterization using a combination of N-terminal and internal Edman protein sequencing, HPLC, MSMS mass spectrometry and de novo peptide sequencing. (proteome-factory.com)
  • Protein spots were resolved from three subcellular fractions, using two-dimensional differential-in-gel-electrophoresis, revealing 31 spots that changed significantly and were identified by liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. (montana.edu)
  • P 0.05), of which 42 spots that corresponded to 15 proteins had been identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (glucagon-receptor.com)
  • The second dimension consists of a conventional SDS-PAGE electrophoretic separation where proteins are differentiated based on their molecular weights. (thermofisher.com)
  • Investigation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile following exposure of T24 bladder carcinoma cells to tumor promoter and carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Then the proteins are cut into several fragments using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin or Glu-C. A typical sample:protease ratio is 50:1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) play a primary role in the response to stress, counteracting the toxic effects on proteins and enzymes, protecting them from misfolding and proteolytic pathways. (unina.it)
  • This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • The majority of the identified proteins were enzymes, regulatory proteins and RNA-associated proteins, while leukocyte markers and oncogenes were also present. (iiarjournals.org)
  • These auxiliary proteins include RNases, RNA-modification and - remodeling enzymes, transport factors, and many others whose function is unclear at present. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effects of an imidazoline compound (BL11282) on protein expression in rat pancreatic islets were investigated with a proteomic approach. (researchgate.net)
  • Rapid and comprehensive analysis of putative proteinous allergens ( allergenome ) by applying such a proteomic strategy … With allergenomics, we can not only detect and assign the putative allergens (proteins specifically interacting with IgE antibodies in a patient's blood) in a short time, but also analyze the quantitative and qualitative change of the antigens, depending on the surroundings and environmental conditions of an allergenic causative. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Proteomic screening methods to find new physiopathogenic candidate proteins have not been widely employed in cancer, although a large number of molecular genetic tests have been performed with variable results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, our proteomic data indicate that there are considerable differences in the protein expression patterns between HepG2 cells and the HCC cells, suggesting differences m cellular properties. (hku.hk)
  • Recent proteomic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified nearly 200 proteins, other than the structural ribosomal proteins, that participate in the assembly of ribosomal subunits and their transport from the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a separate line of research, proteomic studies of mature plant ribosomes have revealed considerable variability in the protein composition of individual ribosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteomic results suggest that the maintenance of chlorophyll in S-limited conditions is related to an accumulation of Water Soluble Chlorophyll binding Proteins, involved in the protection of chlorophyll against ROS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the use of quantitative proteomic protocols, such as mass spectrometry-based techniques for discovery and targeted analyses, facilitates the quantitation of these proteins to identify candidate biomarkers with altered abundances for potential clinical applications [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • To determine whether HIV-1 infection influences the protein composition of human synapses, a proteomic study of isolated nerve endings was undertaken. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gelman, BB & Nguyen, TP 2010, ' Synaptic proteins linked to HIV-1 infection and immunoproteasome induction: Proteomic analysis of human synaptosomes ', Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 92-102. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The proteomic techniques include mass spectrometry based protein or peptide identification and characterization. (marine-biotechnologie.de)
  • The proteomic analysis was performed with aim to know the expression of proteins in health serum, different neoplasia stages and invasive cancer to identify specifics biomarkers that use as early diagnostic methods and know the progression of this type of cancer. (edu.mx)
  • Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic phenotypes revealed shared Gene Ontology (GO) terms and signaling pathways within the clusters of co-expressed proteins (see Tables 1-2 ). (lu.se)
  • Changes were investigated in T24 human bladder carcinoma cell ornithine-decarboxylase activity and protein profiles in an effort to develop appropriate screening tools for biomarkers of effects of exposure to occupational chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to identify cross-reactive proteins in clinical samples such as saliva and slit skin scrapings (SSS) of leprosy patients which could be utilised as prognostic biomarkers for Type 1 Reaction (T1R) in leprosy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Red font indicates promising protein biomarkers in haematological malignancies identified in the corresponding biofluid. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These proteins could be useful as serum biomarkers for early disease diagnostic. (edu.mx)
  • Protein spots differing in abundance were identified, suggesting differences in response to salt stress in the two cultivars. (unina.it)
  • The Kepler software package was used to determine changes in abundance and modification of proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The proteomes of biofluids, including serum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, are highly dynamic with protein abundance fluctuating depending on the physiological and/or pathophysiological context. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • 2063 protein spots across the eight cell lines were clustered on the basis of the relative average protein abundance (see Supplementary Figure 1 ). (lu.se)
  • Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) (also known as protein fingerprinting) is an analytical technique for protein identification in which the unknown protein of interest is first cleaved into smaller peptides, whose absolute masses can be accurately measured with a mass spectrometer such as MALDI-TOF or ESI-TOF. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is achieved by using computer programs that translate the known genome of the organism into proteins, then theoretically cut the proteins into peptides, and calculate the absolute masses of the peptides from each protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • They then compare the masses of the peptides of the unknown protein to the theoretical peptide masses of each protein encoded in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally most PMF algorithms assume that the peptides come from a single protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coupling ESI with capillary LC can separate peptides from protein digests, while obtaining their molecular masses at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6 SDS electrophoresis of small peptides. (osiander.de)
  • In addition we employ quantitative mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides by isotope-dilution analysis (mass western) for biomarker validation and quantification of protein expression, protein drug concentration in plasma and absolute quantification of proteins and their isoforms. (proteome-factory.com)
  • High resolution mass spectrometry is employed for epitope mapping of antibodies and identification, quantification and characterization of proteins and peptides including determination of phosphorylation and glycosylation sites and optionally their structure. (proteome-factory.com)
  • Proteins and peptides are identified with conventional database search engines or by de novo peptide sequencing. (proteome-factory.com)
  • One of the candidate proteins is glucanase, which is widely known to induce during fungal response in other plants. (mpob.gov.my)
  • The peptide masses are compared to either a database containing known protein sequences or even the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the long, tedious process of analyzing proteins, peptide mass fingerprinting was developed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Total protein extracts were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and MALDI-MS-MS following in-gel digestion with trypsin and, finally, protein identification was carried out by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) and post source decay (PSD), respectively. (iiarjournals.org)
  • the other is the peptide chain which formed the natural structure of protein through the folding process to obtain biological activity and express life information [ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The differentially expressing proteins were then identified by tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting. (hku.hk)
  • 2D electrophoresis consists of two separation steps. (thermofisher.com)
  • Salts, ionic molecules and ionic detergents interfere with isoelectric focusing and compromise protein separation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Twenty protein spots were randomly selected, digested with trypsin, and analyzed using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). While these results suggest that phenol method and the direct lysis method are more efficient and reliable for the 2D separation of Heterodera glycines proteins, the phenol extraction procedure is superior for the alkaline proteins. (usda.gov)
  • Five pairs of young and aged rat synaptic membrane rafts were subjected to DIGE separation, followed by image analysis and identification of significantly altered proteins. (ku.edu)
  • For separation of complex samples we apply extreme high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis which theoretically allows to resolve up to 10000 protein spots in 40 x 30 cm 2DE gels. (proteome-factory.com)
  • With 35,000 genes and hundreds of thousands of protein states to identify, correlate, and understand, it no longer suffices to rely on studies of one gene, gene product, or process at a time. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • It is generally believed that the proteins encoded in these genes are important for successful survival of the organism under the hostile conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To examine whether the heat shock proteins affect the bactericidal action of FQs, we constructed E. coli strains with mutations in various heat shock genes and tested their susceptibility to FQs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We analyzed the proteins induced in Escherichia coli by exposure to FQs, then examined the susceptibilities to these agents of E. coli strains with mutations in the genes encoding these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At each maturation stage, expression of proteins affects the commitment to move to the next stage and cellular functions, such as rearrangement and expression of Ig genes. (lu.se)
  • Defects in genes and proteins important for B cell maturation cause primary immunodeficiencies (see IDbase ). (lu.se)
  • Disulfide bridges in proteins are reduced and cysteine amino acids are carbamidomethylated chemically or acrylamidated during the gel electrophoresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Molecular chaperones are essential for stabilizing the fragile structures of many receptors, protein kinases, and transcription factors that participate in the pathways of normal cellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pathways related to cell protein folding and degradation need to be elucidated because of training was set. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Regarding their predicted biological function, 35% of the proteins modulated by GS are involved in signal transduction pathways, 15% in redox and stress response, and 25% in protein synthesis and folding processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, CS affects mainly energy production (31%) and metabolic pathways (13%), decreasing the expression levels of ten proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signalling pathways and identified proteins involved. (lu.se)
  • We demonstrated that Escherichia coli cells exposed to levofloxacin (LVFX), a fluoroquinolone (FQ), induce the syntheses of heat shock proteins and RecA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison of the protein profiles of LVFX-treated, temperature-shifted (42°C) and unshifted (30°C) bacteria indicates that the 70 kDa (a) and 60 kDa (b) bands may be heat shock proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heat shock proteins (HSP) are required to maintain signaling proteins in an active conformation that can be rapidly triggered by growth signals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) Proteins regulated via additional regulators, including proteins involved in NNR and NarR regulons: nitrate reductase beta-subunit, TonB-dependent receptors, nitrite reductase, a TenA-type transcription regulator, and an unknown protein with an alpha/beta hydrolase fold. (nih.gov)
  • The by Western blotting and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis pathogenicity of giant viruses is still a matter of debate ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The results show a large increase in synthesis of 70 kDa (a), 60 kDa (b), and 40 kDa proteins (c) at 10 μg/ml LVFX. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These proteins were also induced by lower concentrations of LVFX, but increasing concentrations increased the rate of synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Figures 1(B) and 1(C) show the time-course of synthesis of these proteins after incubation with 10 μg/ml LVFX for 60 min. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the demand for equimolar amounts of rRNA and ribosomal proteins during ribosome synthesis, it is essential that the transcription of rRNAs and of the mRNAs for ribosomal proteins is coordinated [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the past few years, high-throughput experiments have provided evidence that the transcription of the auxiliary proteins involved in ribosome synthesis are also co-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite this, induction of proteins involved in oxidative stress resistance and energy production shows that the leaf capacity to capture and use photosynthetic active radiations for ATP production remains efficient for as long as possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis or downstream nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of gel spot eluates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Edman degradation was used in protein analysis, and it required almost an hour to analyze one amino acid residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultimately, having the sequences of these known protein contaminants in databases decreased instrument time and expenses involved in protein analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • MALDI-TOF is often the preferred instrument because it allows a high sample throughput and several proteins can be analyzed in a single experiment, if complemented by MS/MS analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of the protein profiles showed that there is a general decrease in the expression levels of proteins related with energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and purine biosynthesis in both Bti pHTppk and Bti Δppk. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The oil-free ZOOM IPGRunner System supports rapid experiment setup and execution and is a low-cost and time-saving solution for establishing the initial experimental conditions prior to running large-format 2D gel analysis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Sample preparation is a fundamental step in any protein analysis workflow, but it is even more crucial in 2DE electrophoresis where no universal method exists. (thermofisher.com)
  • Therefore, we have evaluated, standardized and applied protein analysis technology to determine and quantify the spectrum of proteins present in nematode. (usda.gov)
  • Protein spots obtained from the phenol method were subjected to further analysis to test their suitability for identification by mass spectrometry. (usda.gov)
  • Differential levels of representative identified proteins were confirmed by immunoblot analysis. (ku.edu)
  • Another important aspect is that in many studies, limited amounts of tissue and total protein in the tissue to be studied are found, making difficult the analysis. (scite.ai)
  • These findings illustrate the potential of automated two dimensional gel analysis for classifying different gel patterns. (cdc.gov)
  • The protein spots in the gel images were quantified and compared by image analysis software. (hku.hk)
  • Micropreparatively loaded gels were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and analysed by a combination of N-terminal sequence tagging and amino acid compositional analysis. (edu.au)
  • A number of highly expressed protein components remain unidentified despite being subjected to amino acid analysis and Edman sequencing. (edu.au)
  • Five spots with up-regulation of proteins were focused on for further analysis, one of which was identified as α1-antitrypsin. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • We next developed a two-step analysis method to select for frequently changing spots among the patients and identified 397 of those proteins. (montana.edu)
  • When the altered secreted proteins and cell lysate proteins were co-analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, lipid metabolism was found to be the top network being regulated, with a score of 31. (um.edu.my)
  • Inmobiline DryStrips with pH range 3-10 were used for two dimensional electrophoresis in gradient gel and 15% of polyacrilamide, the detection of proteins by silver staining and Sypro Ruby and finally for the analysis of geles was used the software PDQuest. (edu.mx)
  • We performed an immunoproteomics analysis of B. miyamotoi proteins to identify novel serodiagnostic antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • 2DE is also a valuable tool to study post-translational modifications and identify protein isoforms. (thermofisher.com)
  • The digested protein can be analyzed with different types of mass spectrometers such as ESI-TOF or MALDI-TOF. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the protein spots involved in stress response by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) have been identified, and among the protein up and down-regulated it has been identified BLT63, an elongation factor. (unina.it)
  • Modulated proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All protein spots were analysed by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. (mpob.gov.my)
  • The different spots found were sent to analyze by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). (edu.mx)
  • To improve soybean yields by increasing the level of plant resistance to targeted pests, it is important to understand the protein composition in nematode. (usda.gov)
  • Here we describe a phenol/SDS procedure that, although greatly simplified, produced well-resolved and reproducible 2-DE profiles of protein extracts from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] roots. (scite.ai)
  • Objectives: To identify differentially expressed serum proteins amongst 3 primary stages of HCV infection and wholesome folks, and their comparisons with sera from patients using the very same stage of HBV infection. (glucagon-receptor.com)
  • By protein map comparison and matching (liver, red blood cell and plasma sample maps), 8 additional proteins were identified. (genome.jp)
  • After 8 h of exposure to 300 mM NaCl, Nure showed noticeable changes in protein patterns with respect to Tidone. (unina.it)
  • In this study, we compare the protein expression patterns between HepG2 cells and three HCC cell lines, HKCI-2, HKCI-3, and HKCI-4, respectively. (hku.hk)
  • Protein patterns and spots were identified in pooled and each individual sample from each group using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Spots of interest were clustered by protein expression patterns across all samples. (montana.edu)
  • protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
  • Analogously, the proteins induced in bacterial cells exposed to antibiotics are believed to affect the organisms' susceptibility to these agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the cross-reactivity was identified by western blotting host proteins in gel against purified IgG from Mycobacterium leprae soluble antigen (MLSA)- hyperimmunized rabbit sera, thereafter, cross-reactive proteins were identified by MS/MS. The cross-reactive host proteins were analysed for homologous bacterial proteins and B cell epitopes (BCEs) were predicted by using bioinformatic tools. (bvsalud.org)
  • 0.03) proteins included several synaptic proteins involved in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cytoskeletal structure. (ku.edu)
  • Mixtures exceeding a number of 2-3 proteins typically require the additional use of MS/MS-based protein identification to achieve sufficient specificity of identification. (wikipedia.org)
  • SDS-PAGE was also used to separate proteins in very complex mixtures, which also employed methods of electroblotting and staining. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an established technique for high-resolution profiling of complex protein mixtures. (thermofisher.com)
  • The up-regulation of α1-antitrypsin was observed in all CA patients (10/10), and the spot density was significantly higher in these patients than the control group (75.49 vs 19.98). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • It is widely applied in protein expression profiling experiments to identify changes in protein expression levels resulting from a disease state or drug treatment. (thermofisher.com)
  • Therefore it seems that Nure can adapt to increased salt stress by selective changes in protein expression in the roots. (unina.it)
  • To understand the changes in protein expression associated with various physiological states as well as the development of pathological eye disease, we have begun to map the protein components of normal human reflex tears. (edu.au)
  • Fifteen protein spots from a detectable pool of 542 demonstrated two fold or greater changes in intensity. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we suggest their implementation into the setup of a reliable Host Cell Protein (HCP) monitoring using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) during early and late stages and provide valuable insights into critical steps along the way of HCP ELISA setup. (pharmafocusasia.com)
  • Perturbed synaptosome proteins were linked with IPS subunit composition, and 14-3-3ζ was histologically colocalized with IPS subunits in stained neocortical neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [ 7 ] Both the HLA-A29 type 1 subtype and the HLA-A29 type 2 subtype respond to serologic tests but migrate differently on 1-dimensional electrofocusing gel electrophoresis. (medscape.com)
  • However, several studies show that the resolution power of 2D-DIGE decreases when the cellular type or the amount and quality of the protein samples are not selected properly [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MDR1 codes for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABC transporter superfamily of proteins that promote cellular efflux of chemotherapeutic agents. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • To study the mechanisms of immortalization of human cells, an early step in cancer development, we compared the cellular proteins of normal and immortalized human fibroblasts. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results suggest that GAPDH exerts other functions beyond glycolysis, and that oxidatively modified GAPDH regulates its cellular functions by changing its interacting proteins, i.e. the RNA splicing by interacting with the p54nrb-PSF complex. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This group contains SSU ribosomal protein S305 / sigma(54) modulation protein, and two short-chain reductase-dehydrogenase proteins. (nih.gov)
  • TCA/acetone was shown to be the most efficient protocol, which allowed detection of 211 spots for leaves and 336 for roots using 500 µg of leaf protein and 800 µg of root protein per gel. (scite.ai)
  • 3.6 Protein detection in IEFgels. (osiander.de)
  • 5 Protein detection. (osiander.de)
  • 4 Protein detection. (osiander.de)
  • 6 Protein detection. (osiander.de)
  • Two dimensional gel electrophoresis was also used to compare the protein pattern of vehicle control treated T24 to 4-aminobiphenyl or 12-o- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • High performance NuPage Bis-Tris gels provide a neutral pH environment for the second dimension that reduce in-gel protein degradation. (thermofisher.com)
  • The results showed that chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide the large number of proteins involved, the complex relationship between proteins and the lack of research on the effects of movement and cell protein folding and degradation. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Chaperonin Containing Tailless Complex Polypeptide 1 (CCT-1) is one of the important elements of protein folding pathway in cells and proteasome is an important component of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) dependent protein degradation pathway in cells. (ijpsonline.com)
  • They are involved in the formation of protein folding/degradation signalling pathway, maintaining the normal spatial structure and normal biological function of protein [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Of 1046 matched spots on DIGE gels, 94 showed statistically significant differences in levels between old and young rafts, and 87 of these were decreased in aged rafts. (ku.edu)
  • Evaluation of the extraction protocols revealed large protein yield differences obtained for each one. (scite.ai)
  • Interestingly, glial fibrillary acidic protein was found to be consistently down regulated in high spiking brain tissue and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels showed strong negative correlation with spiking frequency. (montana.edu)
  • Interestingly, U-46619, a G protein-coupled receptor agonist, caused a significant increase in the acidic spot, suggesting that it may represent a phosphorylated form of PHI-1. (uky.edu)
  • This publication establishes a reference human liver protein map obtained with immobilized pH gradients. (genome.jp)
  • At Day 7, the number of differentially expressed protein spots increased to 25, with a molecular weight less than 50 kDa. (mpob.gov.my)
  • This approach will be important in providing a way to identify nematode proteins and to develop a reference map of nematode proteins. (usda.gov)
  • This reference map can be used to identify protein spots on other samples such as rectal cancer biopsies. (genome.jp)
  • Compared with the HepG2 cells, the normalized quantities of 49 and 58 protein spots were found to be at least twofold higher and twofold lower, respectively, in all three HCC cell lines. (hku.hk)
  • RAF kinases are a family of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related to retroviral oncogenes. (rafsignaling.com)
  • The presence of autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor, and antibodies to host collagen, keratin, actin, myosin, endothelial cells, and myelin basic protein (MBP) has been earlier reported in leprosy patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • By microsequencing, 57 spots or 42 polypeptide chains were identified. (genome.jp)
  • Our results revealed several types of regulation under the conditions tested: (1) FnrP-controlled regulation of nitrous oxide reductase, UspA and OmpW as confirmed at protein, transcript and DNA level (position of FNR boxes). (nih.gov)
  • Results: A total of five spots of salivary proteins namely S100-A9, 35.3 kDa, and 41.5 kDa proteins, Serpin peptidase inhibitor (clade A), Cystatin SA-III, and four spots of SSS namely 41.4 kDa protein, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, vimentin, and keratin 1, were identified as cross-reactive. (bvsalud.org)