Protein regulate cell cycle progression and checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

Beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTRCP) is an FBP that targets emi1-an APC/C-Cdh1 inhibitor-and wee1 for degradation during early mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
The studies on checkpoint control have identified a mechanism by which entry into mitosis is regulated in response to incomplete DNA replication and DNA damage and the identification of a potential target for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)
282, 32053-32064), a key regulator of mitosis, suggesting a possible role for hMDC1 in controlling normal cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
This phase is also characterized by the synthesis of other proteins required for the upcoming M phase (mitosis and the cytokinesis). (androbose.in)
In the mitosis, the chromosomes are aligned and the two sister chromatids are separated, each becoming the genetic material of the daughter cells. (androbose.in)
This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
This gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the maintenance of the antephase checkpoint that regulates cell cycle entry into mitosis and, therefore, may play a key role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Our results establish a crucial role for E4F during early embryonic cell cycles and reveal an unexpected function for E4F in mitosis. (cnrs.fr)
Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (arigobio.cn)
Likewise, a checkpoint during mitosis ensures that the cell's spindle fibres are properly aligned in metaphase before the chromosomes are separated in anaphase. (britannica.com)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)
3.A.2 In eukaryotes, heritable information is passed to the next generation via processes that include the cell cycle and mitosis or meiosis plus fertilization. (texasgateway.org)

To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor migration. (bvsalud.org)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
This reduced ability to arrest proliferation was found to be due to an impaired ability to downregulate cyclin D1, a key gatekeeper of the G1/S checkpoint. (tmc.edu)
These findings indicate that pancreatic cancer cells have increased tolerance for elevated ER stress compared to normal cells, and this tolerance results in continued tumor cell proliferation under proteotoxic conditions. (tmc.edu)
Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
studies confirmed as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
Interpretation We identified as becoming amplified and overexpressed in poor prognosis HGSOC analyses and shown that is a novel and essential oncogene in HGSOC which mediates proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints like a potential novel driver of HGSOC. (2011globalhealth.org)
We confirmed the prognostic capacity of in multiple self-employed datasets and studies showed the essentiality of this protein in regulating cell proliferation and survival. (2011globalhealth.org)
Importantly, we validated that mediates cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ovarian malignancy. (2011globalhealth.org)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Emerging evidences suggest that microRNA target genes that regulate DNA replication and cell cycle progression and we aim to determine how microRNA regulate the DNA replication machinery as cell progresses from one phase to the next. (nii.res.in)
Overall, genes are mainly involved in developmental progression and regulation. (github.io)
Using mammalian, yeast, and frog systems, these readily reproducible methods can be used to induce cell cycle checkpoints, detect changes in cell cycle progression, identify and analyze genes and proteins that regulate the process, and characterize chromosomal status as a function of cell cycle phase and progression. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
The L1 and L2 genes encode the major and minor capsid proteins. (clinicalpathologyassociates.com)
Early genes regulate HPV viral replication. (clinicalpathologyassociates.com)
The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
To recognize genes in charge of regulating particular signalling pathways and/or tumorigenic properties that donate to poor scientific outcome, we used a previously released Poor Prognosis Personal (PPS) [3] being a conceptual construction to execute integrative proteogenomic analyses of individual HGSOC tumours. (2011globalhealth.org)
Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that, when mutated in certain ways, become oncogenes , genes that cause a cell to become cancerous. (texasgateway.org)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Well-characterized cell cycle substrates of SCF complexes include: cyclin family proteins: Cyclin D, Cyclin E transcriptional regulators: Myc, E2f1, p130 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs): p27Kip1, p21, Wee1 centriole proteins: Cep250, Ninein There are approximately seventy human FBPs, several of which are involved in cell cycle control as a component of SCF complexes. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 36: Involved in signaling pathways. (github.io)
4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
Both the stress-response protein, SIRT1, and the cell cycle checkpoint kinase, CHK2, play critical roles in aging and cancer via the modulation of cellular homeostasis and the maintenance of genomic integrity. (ewha.ac.kr)
However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
Replication blockages activate the ATR kinase which, in turn, activates the downstream effector kinase Chk1 through the mediator protein, Claspin. (caltech.edu)
Inhibitor of checkpoint kinase CHK1 was identified as a top screen hit. (nature.com)
Many cancers show aberrant signalling via the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, activating type 1 IGF receptors (IGF-1Rs) and variant insulin receptors (INSRs) to signal via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-ERK) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)

If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
The integrity of DNA replication control and checkpoint mechanisms is essential for preventing tumorigenesis. (caltech.edu)
Our analyses demonstrate that regulates HGSOC tumorigenesis by advertising dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

Instead, FBP affinity for protein substrates is regulated through cyclin-CDK-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited altered UPR activation characterized by a delay in both phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of spliced XBP1. (tmc.edu)
CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. (arigobio.cn)
In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)

Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) regulates mitotic progression. (ox.ac.uk)
In support of a role for hMDC1 in controlling mitotic progression, depletion of hMDC1 by small interfering RNA results in a metaphase arrest that appears to be independent of both BubR1-dependent signaling pathways and ATM/ATR activation. (ox.ac.uk)
Embryos lacking E4F die at the peri-implantation stage, while in vitro-cultured E4F(-/-) blastocysts exhibit defects in mitotic progression, chromosomal missegregation, and increased apoptosis. (cnrs.fr)

The laboratory of Dr. Hasan studies the interplay between anti-apoptotic proteins and cyclin dependent kinases and how this interplay can serve as a potential therapeutic target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (actrec.gov.in)
Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
Higher expression of serine/threonine-protein kinases in mature female gonads (Dheilly et al. (github.io)
2021). Examination of the C. gigas kinome found several serine/threonine-protein kinases in eggs and embryos, with some gene expression changes in response to abiotic stress (Epelboin et al. (github.io)
2017). Several serine/threonine-protein kinases contained DML in C. virginica (Venkataraman et al. (github.io)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a complex which phosphorylates proteins that drive the cell through the cell cycle. (ctsqena.com)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
Molecular portraits of cell cycle checkpoint kinases in cancer evolution, progression, and treatment responsiveness. (uc.edu)

Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
3. B cells that would normally undergo apoptosis during somatic hypermutation in the lymph node germinal center accumulate, leading to lymphoma. (ctsqena.com)
If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

Evaluating the resulting resistant cell line, we observed restoration of proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, regardless of drug presence, an induction of pro-survival pathways, and the substitution of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System role in proteostasis by induction of autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings highlight the role of autophagy and oxidative stress regulation in Bortezomib resistance and elucidate key proteins of signaling pathways as potential pharmaceutical targets, which could increase the efficiency of proteasome-targeting therapies, thus expanding the group of molecular targets for neoplastic disorders. (bvsalud.org)
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
If we fully understood the pathways which control normal cell division we would be able to identify what goes wrong in malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Fink's presentation focused on the function of the Ras protein in yeast, relevant because many of the important pathways which function in human cells can be found in simpler organisms and these can be readily manipulated in the laboratory. (forbeckforums.org)
Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The laboratory of Dr. Teni also focuses on understanding the regulation of tumor progression by p53 family members and their downstream targets in oral and cervical cancer progression. (actrec.gov.in)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
It has been observed that some replication proteins localize to the centrosome suggesting their role in regulation of centrosome biogenesis. (nii.res.in)
A collection of basic cutting-edge techniques for studying the mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation and checkpoint control. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
The precise regulation of the levels of cyclin proteins is fundamental to coordinate cell division with checkpoints, avoiding genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, our results identify an unexpected function of SGO2 in mitotically dividing cells and a mechanism of separase regulation that is independent of securin but still supervised by the SAC. (nature.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)

ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
Whenever genomic lesions are detected during DNA synthesis, they are coated by the single strand DNA binding protein complex, called Replication Protein A, leading to the activation of canonical checkpoint proteins like ATR, Chk1 and p53. (nii.res.in)
Human genome codes for many other single strand DNA binding proteins and we are testing if novel mechanisms of checkpoint activation exist that do not require Replication Protein A. If such mechanisms exist we would like to understand which factors provide the role of DNA binding, how checkpoint proteins like Chk1 and p53 are activated and how signal transduction pathway stalls the cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
Chk1 facilitates the arrest of cell cycle progression and the inhibition of replication origin firing. (caltech.edu)
However, chromatin binding-deficient Claspin proteins can still mediate Chk1 activation in Claspin-depleted extracts, albeit with reduced efficiency. (caltech.edu)
Claspin mutant proteins unable to interact with DDK still bind to Chk1 and rescue Chk1 activation in Claspin-depleted extracts. (caltech.edu)
Co-inhibition of IGF and CHK1 caused synergistic suppression of cell viability, cell survival and tumour growth in 2D cell culture, 3D spheroid cultures and in vivo. (nature.com)
Investigating the mechanism of synthetic lethality, we reveal that CHK1 inhibition in IGF-1R depleted or inhibited cells further downregulated RRM2, reduced dNTP supply and profoundly delayed replication fork progression. (nature.com)

GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
Changes in methylation of this gene could impact progression of gametogenesis or embryogenesis. (github.io)
Methyalation of this gene could promote homeostasis by regulating gonad development processes. (github.io)
Increased expression of this gene in Artemia sinica can suppress cell division and macromolecule synthesis (Jiang 2011), so methylation may be regulating gonad development. (github.io)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
The Forum focused on discussions of selected important gene products that play critical roles in the life cycle of a cell (e.g. (forbeckforums.org)
We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
One culprit that has been identified is the p53 protein (coded for by the p53 gene), a major regulator at the G 1 checkpoint. (texasgateway.org)
All cancers start when a gene mutation gives rise to a faulty protein that plays a key role in cell reproduction. (texasgateway.org)
[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

The SCF complex also marks various other cellular proteins for destruction. (wikipedia.org)
The role of the protein Mcl-1 in regulating the cellular response to DNA damage has resulted in the determination that drugs targeting Mcl-1 might serve as therapeutics in oral cancer. (actrec.gov.in)
Human mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (hMDC1) is an essential component of the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. (ox.ac.uk)
Together, these results suggest that CHK2 mediates the function of SIRT1 in cell cycle progression, and may provide new insights into modulating cellular homeostasis and maintaining genomic integrity in the prevention of aging and cancer. (ewha.ac.kr)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The ubiquitously expressed E4F protein was originally identified as an E1A-regulated cellular transcription factor required for adenovirus replication. (cnrs.fr)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)

Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination of proteins destined for 26S proteasomal degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The F-box hypothesis that followed these discoveries proposed that F-box proteins recruit substrates targeted for degradation, and that Skp1 links the F-box protein to the core ubiquitination complex. (wikipedia.org)
The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated through the synthesis, degradation, binding interactions, post-translational modifications of regulatory proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical component in regulating protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
PIs, such as BTZ, are used to target the 26S proteasome in hematologic malignancies, resulting in the prevention of the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins, the activation of intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent cell death, and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)

Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
A p53 dependent checkpoint pathway prevents re-replication. (nii.res.in)
Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
Dr. Fink, Director of the Whitehead Institute at MIT presented his work on Ras, a protein that stands at the gateway of at least one major control pathway within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)

The laboratories of Dr. Bhattacharyya and Dr. Dalal study the biogenesis and size and copy control mechanisms of organelles such as the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleus, the centrosome and the cell-cell adhesion junction the desmosome. (actrec.gov.in)
The objectives of these studies are to provide novel insights into how the cell regulates organelle size and number, how these mechanisms are altered in tumor cells and the subsequent consequences for tumor progression. (actrec.gov.in)
In this study, we utilize the prostate cancer cell line DU-145 to establish a model of Bortezomib resistance, studying the underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
When mammalian cell experiences DNA damage, it activates checkpoint mechanisms to stall the progression of cell cycle and DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
Our laboratory is interested in understanding the mechanisms by which microRNA and checkpoint proteins stall the cell cycle preventing genomic instability and cancer. (nii.res.in)
Summing up, we are trying to understand the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate mammalian cell cycle and DNA replication in normal and pathological conditions. (nii.res.in)
Not only is this of interest in its own right, but it offers the prospect for improving our understanding about the fundamental control mechanisms and defects that impact on human cells through the study of simpler organisms. (forbeckforums.org)
consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
Cancer results from unchecked cell division caused by a breakdown of the mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. (texasgateway.org)
If they find cells with damaged DNA, p53 will trigger repair mechanisms or destroy the cells, thus suppressing the formation of a tumor. (texasgateway.org)
Eventually, the pace of the cell cycle speeds up as the effectiveness of the control and repair mechanisms decreases. (texasgateway.org)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

Musacchio, A. The molecular biology of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling dynamics. (nature.com)

Proteasome inhibitors such as Bortezomib represent an established type of targeted treatment for several types of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and mantle cell lymphoma, based on the cancer cell's susceptibility to impairment of the proteasome-ubiquitin system. (bvsalud.org)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

These findings suggest miR-486-5p negatively regulates NEK2, which is a critical prognostic indicator of HCC patient survival after liver transplantation. (oncotarget.com)

For example, the cvclinD/CDK4 complex phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which promotes progression through the G^S checkpoint. (ctsqena.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
SIRT1 depletion induces CHK2 hyperactivation-mediated cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death. (ewha.ac.kr)
Under conditions of moderate ER stress, the UPR promotes cell cycle arrest which allows time for successful protein load reduction and enables cell survival. (tmc.edu)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

It is known that replication factors are downregulated during stress and we have observed that cullin 4-based ubiquitin ligase mediate the proteolysis of Mcm10, a protein essential for the initiation and elongation phases of DNA replication. (nii.res.in)

Therefore, we are trying to understand the independent mechanism by which mammalian cells effectively inhibit the replication machinery during stress preventing it from drifting towards a catastrophic path of genomic instability. (nii.res.in)
PHENOTYPE: Homozygous null mice and MEFs display increased tumor incidence and inducibility, premature death, increased chromosomal instability, and cell cycle abnormalities. (utsouthwestern.edu)

CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
However, mutations in p53 can result in abnormal p53 proteins that fail to stop cell division if the cell's DNA is damaged. (texasgateway.org)

It synthesizes a group of proteins and nucleotides which are required for the synthesis (replication) of the DNA along with other normal processes. (androbose.in)
Specific defects in the molecular controls that govern the cell progression through its cycle of DNA synthesis and cell division can result in a cancer cell. (forbeckforums.org)
We have identified the proteins necessary to carry out the initial steps in strand invasion and the beginning of new DNA synthesis, which is significantly different from the normal process of replication. (brandeis.edu)

In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)
In response to DNA damage, p53 slows the cell cycle and upregulales DNA repair enzymes. (ctsqena.com)

The latter mechanism facilitates a considerable degree of sister chromatid separation in securin-knockout cells that lack APC/C activity. (nature.com)
Cancer comprises many different diseases caused by a common mechanism-uncontrolled cell growth. (texasgateway.org)
One of the critical processes monitored by the cell cycle checkpoint surveillance mechanism is the proper replication of DNA during the S phase. (texasgateway.org)

Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)

Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)
Orderly progressions of events in the cell division cycle are necessary to ensure the replication of DNA and cell division. (ox.ac.uk)
The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)

The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Of these regulatory proteins, two ubiquitin ligases are crucial for progression through cell cycle checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The mammalian sirtuin (SIRT) family, evolutionally conserved proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), comprises seven members. (biomedcentral.com)

ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to reduce the protein load in the ER. (tmc.edu)

ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)

Molecular Cell 15: 245-258. (nii.res.in)
Molecular Cell 11: 997-1008. (nii.res.in)
One of the remarkable discoveries that has accompanied the unraveling of the molecular "checkpoints" that determine whether it is safe for a cell to divide or not has been the observation that many of these molecular controls have been conserved throughout evolution. (forbeckforums.org)
That is, many of the same molecular switches that regulate the genetic machinery of a human cell can be found in simple organisms like yeast. (forbeckforums.org)
By studying simpler organisms it may be possible to examine molecular events that might be less apparent or more difficult to unravel in human cells. (forbeckforums.org)
We are interested in understanding at the molecular level how recombination occurs and what roles are played by the many proteins involved in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)

Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

This group focuses on the cell biology of normal and tumor cells and how these differences can explain tumor progression and possibly identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (actrec.gov.in)

Dysregulation at any checkpoint program may lead to a transformed phenotype. (janechin.net)
Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)

Some reports suggest that PIs can induce NF-κB activation, which increases the survival of malignant cells. (bvsalud.org)
OBJECTIVES: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a class of malignant plasma cell diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Background Renal cell carcinomas (CCR) account for 1%C3% of all malignant visceral neoplasms and 90% of renal tumors. (irjs.info)
If we can identify the machinery which is either selectively used or functioning incorrectly in the cancer cell it could bring new insights into how to destroy malignant cells. (forbeckforums.org)

In recent years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been suggested to play a key role in the process of embryonic development, differentiation of tissues and organs, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, as well as cancer progression ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
2020). Unconventional myosins were also found to be important for embryonic development in urchins, specifically to regulate the onset of blastulation and gastrulation stages (Sirotkin 2000). (github.io)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
The condensed chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers with the help of protein complex, kinetochore. (androbose.in)
A human cell at this point has 46 chromosomes (and 92 chromatids). (androbose.in)
For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)

One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Here a DSB at the MAT locus is created by a site specific HO endonuclease, which we can induce synchronously in a large population of cells. (brandeis.edu)

The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
A. Cancer formation is initiated by damage to DNA of stem cells. (ctsqena.com)
Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
In this dissertation, I investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its effects on the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Activation of the unfolded protein response after ER stress induction was determined by comparing expression of key UPR mediators in non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal cells to pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Further evaluation of the UPR-mediated effects on cell cycle progression revealed that pancreatic cancer cells showed a compromised ability to inhibit G1 to S phase progression after ER stress. (tmc.edu)
In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate a globally compromised ability to regulate the unfolded protein response. (tmc.edu)
Clear Cell (CC) RCC is the most common type of renal cancer, accounting for 75% of all primary kidney tumours [1]. (irjs.info)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
RON-augmented cholesterol biosynthesis in breast cancer metastatic progression and recurrence. (uc.edu)
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
The future of cancer medicine lies in the development of highly specific strategies which lead to the selective destroying of tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
This is in contrast to many current cancer therapies that target multiplying (i.e. proliferating) cells, and also results in the non-specific destruction of normal cells. (forbeckforums.org)
To begin to address the goal of selective cancer therapy we have to understand the differences between normal cells and tumor cells. (forbeckforums.org)
The major problem in cancer is an alteration in the genetic machinery that controls cell growth development and death. (forbeckforums.org)
Many groups throughout the world are working on this problem in the hope that we will be able to develop new chemicals to intervene selectively in the growth pattern of cancer cells. (forbeckforums.org)
Dr. Oliff, Director of Cancer Research at Merck laboratories, indicated that several different drugs have been identified which interfere with the maturation of the Ras protein as it is processed from a precursor molecule to an active protein within the cell. (forbeckforums.org)
Aiming to exploit this effect in therapy we performed a compound screen in five breast cancer cell lines with IGF neutralising antibody xentuzumab. (nature.com)
First, given evidence that IGFs regulate the response to IR, we also found evidence that IGF-1R depletion induced endogenous DNA lesions marked by γH2AX foci in prostate cancer cells [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
What causes uncontrolled cell growth, and why does it often cause cancer? (texasgateway.org)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
In head and neck cancer, the histologic progression of severity from hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ to invasion provides a framework to understand the genetic progression of cancer. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)

The laboratories of Dr. Dalal, Dr. Hasan and Dr. Teni study cell cycle progression and checkpoint control. (actrec.gov.in)
Aberrations in microRNA activity has been linked to loss of cell cycle and replication control and this has led to oncogenic functions (thereby called oncomirs) being ascribed to them. (nii.res.in)
Here, we show that SIRT1 functions as a modifier of CHK2 in cell cycle control. (ewha.ac.kr)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancers by definition are cells growing in an uncontrolled fashion in the host and it is this loss of control which leads to problems. (forbeckforums.org)
Despite the redundancy and overlapping levels of cell cycle control, errors do occur. (texasgateway.org)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
Proteins are then made according to the RNA blueprint, and therefore transcription is crucial as an initial step in protein production. (britannica.com)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)

this technique is catalyzed by enzymes and highly is regulated usually. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. (arigobio.cn)

Interphase is the phase in which the cell grows till it can divide it's genetic material and the cytoplasm into two halves i.e. capable of producing two daughter cells. (androbose.in)
Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
Importantly, it may also be possible to utilize natural or induced genetic defects (i.e. mutations) in simpler organisms (e.g. yeast cells) to screen for drugs or agents that might take advantage of specific lesions and which might be used to treat human malignancies bearing similar genetic defects. (forbeckforums.org)

The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)

Validation studies confirmed the prognostic capacity of and suggested an oncogenic part for this protein given the association between manifestation and pro-proliferative signalling. (2011globalhealth.org)

p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. (kegg.jp)

Here, we show that Claspin associates with several core replication fork proteins in Xenopus egg extracts. (caltech.edu)
We identified a replication fork-interacting domain on Claspin that associates with the replication fork proteins and is required for Claspin association with chromatin. (caltech.edu)

B. DNA mutations eventually disrupt key regulatory systems, allowing for tumor promotion (growth) and progression (spread). (ctsqena.com)
New regulatory targets were discovered and novel functions of known proteins were uncovered. (janechin.net)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The anatomopathological study of CDX4 the gallbladder was appropriate for infiltrating metastasis from clear-cell carcinoma of principal renal site. (irjs.info)
AZD6738 biological activity RCC, renal cell carcinomas strong class="kwd-title" Keywords: Gallblader tumor, Renal cell carcinomas, Latente metastasis, Case report 1. (irjs.info)

We suggest therefore that hMDC1 functionally regulates the normal metaphase-to-anaphase transition by modulating the Cdc20-dependent activation of the APC/C. (ox.ac.uk)
Third, this activation must stimulate a signal to be transmitted, or transduced, from the receptor at the cell surface to the nucleus within the cell. (britannica.com)

B. Categories of oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, nuclear regulators, and cell cycle regulators (Table 3.3). (ctsqena.com)

Cell Death and Differentiation , 27 (2), 482-496. (ewha.ac.kr)

Cells become senescent when there are DNA damage or any other problem. (androbose.in)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Checkpoints at the end of G1 and at the beginning of G2 are designed to assess DNA for damage before and after S phase. (britannica.com)
Over and over, small uncorrected errors are passed from the parent cell to the daughter cells and amplified as each generation produces more non-functional proteins from uncorrected DNA damage. (texasgateway.org)
If a cell cannot reproduce, the mutation is not propagated and the damage is minimal. (texasgateway.org)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms9

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes83

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Mitosis16

Proliferation22

Genes17

Kinase12

Tumorigenesis4

Phosphorylation7

Mitotic progression3

Kinases11

Apoptosis8

Pathways9

Regulation11

Chk18

Gene13

Cellular11

Degradation5

Pathway5

Mechanisms13

Spindle assembly checkpoint1

Inhibitors2

Negatively1

Phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein2

Arrest5

Mediate1

Instability2

Cell's2

Synthesis3

Response to DNA damage2

Mechanism3

Expression of proteins1

Orderly3

Genome1

Ubiquitin ligases2

Histone1

Activates1

Inhibition1

Molecular7

Centrosome1

Eukaryotic cells1

Tumor progression1

Dysregulation2

Malignant4

Embryonic3

Chromosomes4

Induce2

Cancer30

Epithelial-mesenchyma1

Control7

Transcription4

Enzymes1

Cyclins1

Genetic3

Phases1

Oncogenic1

Transcriptional1

Replication fork2

Regulatory2

Metastasis3

Activation2

Oncogenes1

Differentiation1

Damage7