• Icariin can inhibit the proliferation and colony forming ability of medulloblastoma cells, induce cell arrest in synthesis phase by inhibiting the expression of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In the present study, we analyze the activity and binding of Sp3 on several eukaryotic promoters that contain G/C boxes and are known to be regulated during cellular proliferation and the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • The data suggest that Sp3 may contribute to the control of proliferation- and/or cell-regulated promoters depending upon the context and/or number of functional Sp1 binding sites. (nih.gov)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Markedly enlarged anagen HFs of TG mice show increased proliferation in the matrix and an increased number of hair cortex and medulla cells compared with WT HFs. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Similar to TG mice, p27(Kip1) knockout mice also show an increased size of anagen HFs associated with increased cell proliferation in the hair bulb. (brad.ac.uk)
  • These data suggest that BMP signaling plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and controls the size of anagen HFs by modulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes in hair matrix KC. (brad.ac.uk)
  • AKAP12 knockdown in benign meningioma cells SF4433 increases proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and confers an anaplastic profile. (nature.com)
  • Knockdown of RPL5 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT16 and RKO cells, and arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, TBHQ could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of siRPL5 on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively, RPL5 promoted colon cell proliferation and migration, at least in part, by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RPL5 promoted colon cell proliferation and migration, at least in part, by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancers in which MAPK/ERK signaling is a dominant feature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study examines the effect of RPL5 on the progression of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), including cell proliferation, migration and determines its underlying molecular mechanism using CRC cell lines in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that RPL5 promotes COAD cell proliferation and migration via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This phosphorylation event is associated with increased cell proliferation and poor prognosis in patients with glioma. (umass.edu)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • Even when immune cells from Atm-S1987A-rescued mice are treated with radiation, several signs of normal cell cycle inhibition were observed, including decreased rate of DNA synthesis and decreased cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • They help regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and in the case of neurons, synaptic plasticity. (ucsd.edu)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • RESULTS: Although the three tested ionophores inhibited the proliferation of several B-lymphoma cell lines, nigericin inhibited the proliferation of PEL cells compared to KSHV-negative cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • To identify genes that can functionally substitute for oncogenic RAS, we systematically expressed 15,294 open reading frames in a human KRAS-dependent colon cancer cell line engineered to express an inducible KRAS-specific shRNA. (nih.gov)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates size of hair follicles and modulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdb1 occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3K9me3. (deepdyve.com)
  • by regulating lipogenesis-related genes (Ahmadian et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • Research into Gene Expression & Epigenetics aims to understand how our genes and the way they are regulated influence who we are. (umassmed.edu)
  • The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
  • p53 affects the transcription of many target genes and interacts with key cellular proteins. (molvis.org)
  • HPV-negative tumors contained novel co-amplifications of 11q13 and 11q22, an event that likely promotes the interaction of BIRC2 and FADD , genes that together work to inhibit cell death. (cancer.gov)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a more severe fitness defect or lethality under a given condition. (thebiogrid.org)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In human cells, the expression of ∼1,000 genes is modulated throughout the cell cycle. (iric.ca)
  • It represses the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle while promoting expression of genes involved in electron transfer chain. (lu.se)
  • Genes controlling hyphal development include ones that are upregulated during cell elongation and adherence to epithelia. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003). The therapeutic effects of different genes delivered by ment of the hGFAP promoter used here has been extensively studied and lentiviral vectors have been documented in a number of animal found to be up-regulated after several different stimuli both in vitro and models, both in rodents and primates, and examples include delivery in vivo in transgenic mice (Brenner et al. (lu.se)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Abnormal expression of ribosomal proteins has an important regulatory effect on the progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings suggest that RPL5 plays an important role in regulating COAD progression and may serve as a prognostic biomarker for COAD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of the triple-negative TMX2-28 breast cancer cell line to address the role of SKP2 in cell cycle progression confirmed that SKP2 contributes to a more rapid cell cycle progression and may regulates pSer10p27 levels. (umass.edu)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Some studies showed that blocking cell cycle progression ameliorated fibrosis. (nature.com)
  • By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 results in its release from eIF4E, thereby allows cap-dependent translation to continue thereby increasing the rate of protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, phosphorylation of Ser 65 and Thr 70 alone was not sufficient to block the inhibition of mRNA translation by 4E-BP1, suggesting that multiple phosphorylation events must be combined to increase the rate of protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • To map the mechanisms of aggressiveness we aimed to investigate changes in protein phosphorylation across WHO grades of human meningiomas. (nature.com)
  • We found Plk1 plays a critical role in maintaining intralysosomal pH by regulating ATP6V1A phosphorylation, and inhibition of Plk1 impaired lysosomal function leading to blockade of autophagic flux. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the mutant Atm-S1987A protein exhibits normal phosphorylation activity and is sufficient to trigger an efficient response to radiation. (nih.gov)
  • Once ATM is recruited to the double-stranded DNA break, lots of other proteins also relocate to the same site for phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • Dixon is an internationally recognized scientist in the field of reversible phosphorylation - a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound and, in the context of cells, serves as a fundamental master control switch by which proteins and their functions can be altered after they have formed. (ucsd.edu)
  • Phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways. (ucsd.edu)
  • Treatment of HeLa cells with paclitaxel induces phosphorylation of Aurora A at Thr288 while treatment with hydroxyurea ablates phosphorylation. (cellsignal.com)
  • Displacement of DVL from the centrosome and its release into the cytoplasm on NEK2 phosphorylation is coupled to the removal of linker proteins, an event necessary for centrosomal separation and proper formation of the mitotic spindle. (muni.cz)
  • Curcumin partially exerts its inhibitory influence on RVFV replication by interfering with IKK-β2 mediated phosphorylation of the viral protein NSs and by altering cell cycle of treated cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in the regulation of a large variety of developmental programs, including those controlling organ sizes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • The functional regulation of cells is a complex and dynamic process. (nature.com)
  • The transcriptional repressor HBP1 is a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cell cycle regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Mechanistic studies revealed that the expression of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK, c-Myc were down-regulated, and the expression of FOXO3 was up-regulated after down-regulation of RPL5, ERK activator (TBHQ) could partially reverse the above-mentioned effects caused by siRPL5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Regulatory non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important research areas in gene regulation and RNA biology. (rochester.edu)
  • Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, changes in regulation that reduce the amount or function of the p27 protein in the nucleus are found in many types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Appropriate cell cycle regulation by ATM and other proteins is necessary to prevent abnormal cell growth, which can lead to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
  • This complex inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a key protein in cells that regulate the gene translation responsible for cell-cycle regulation. (medscape.com)
  • More generally, bioinformatics analyses have shown that ~15% of all phosphorylated residues are buried in the non-phosphorylated state, suggesting that transient exposure might be a general mechanism involved in protein regulation. (lu.se)
  • Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial ®brillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. (lu.se)
  • Differentially regulated pathways were characteristic of high-grade meningiomas. (nature.com)
  • Liver TCPTP antagonises both insulin and STAT3 signaling pathways to regulate gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
  • We found that reprogramming of differentiated cells induces T-circle and single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA accumulation, indicating the activation of telomere trimming pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent telomere elongation in hiPSCs. (sens.org)
  • Dishevelled (DVL) is a key scaffolding protein and a branching point in Wnt signaling pathways. (muni.cz)
  • Cell stimulus response systems are referred to as Signal Transduction Pathways. (umaine.edu)
  • Early steps in this transition are complex, with at least 2 signaling pathways identified: 1 stops yeast growth and another, with a heat shock protein 70-type profile, initiates the assembly of proteins necessary for mycelial growth. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium-dependent signaling pathways and heat shock protein expression regulate dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and have broad implications for other pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
  • p53 participates in relevant aspects of cell biology, including apoptosis and cell cycle control and must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. (molvis.org)
  • This kinase is found to be necessary for BCL-ABL-mediated resistance to drug-induced apoptosis and therefore protects leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. (cdc.gov)
  • In PEL cells, nigericin disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential and caused the release of cytochrome c, which triggered caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We hypothesized that BMP4 might exert beneficial effects through modulation of p16 and p18 expression in transduced MDSCs since the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A (p16) and p18INK4C (p18) cause early G1-phase cell cycle blockade. (pitt.edu)
  • Transient cotransfections of Drosophila cells with Sp1 and Sp3 expression vectors and with the histone H4, thymidine kinase (TK), or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoters show that only the DHFR promoter, containing multiple functional GC boxes, displays Sp3 repression of Sp1 activation. (nih.gov)
  • In the discovery set of fresh-frozen tissue specimens (14), the A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) protein was found downregulated across the grades. (nature.com)
  • S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an important cell cycle regulator, targeting the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 for degradation, and is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. (umass.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
  • This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. (nih.gov)
  • Most recently, Dixon's lab has identified a new group of enzymes in the protein kinase family that phosphorylate casein in the biomineralization of teeth and bone. (ucsd.edu)
  • DVL accumulates during the cell cycle and associates with NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), which is able to phosphorylate DVL at amultitude of residues, as detected by a set of novel phospho-specific antibodies. (muni.cz)
  • Curcumin, strongly down regulates levels of extracellular infectious virus.Our data demonstrate that curcumin binds to and inhibits kinase activity of the IKK-β2 complex in infected cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A further chapter discusses how surface membrane G-protein receptors in C. albicans and other fungi transmit external stimuli through 2 major protein kinase cascades. (cdc.gov)
  • The transcription factor Sp1 plays a key role in the activation of many cellular and viral gene promoters, including those that are regulated during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
  • Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) take many shapes, have many effects and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. (biologists.com)
  • This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
  • If the damage cannot be accurately fixed, the cell may commit cellular suicide rather than lose control of growth. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular chaperones play a key role in cellular processes, including protein homeostasis, but also in membrane protein transport and biogenesis. (unibas.ch)
  • The protein is involved in cellular growth and development and has an important role in regulating the cell cycle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. (lu.se)
  • Ribosomal protein (RP) is a widely existing RNA-binding protein that was previously thought to function only as a combination of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) involved in protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ribosomal protein RPL5 is a component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for protein synthesis in cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synthesis of M2 is regulated in a cell-cycle dependent fashion. (novusbio.com)
  • Its synthesis and secretion are regulated by estrogen (Burger,et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • Because p27 plays such a key role in controlling cell division, its activity is tightly regulated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Inhibition of the IKK complex using inhibitors impairs viral replication thus alluding to the requirement of an active IKK complex to the viral life cycle. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Our studies show that after being secreted into the extracellular matrix, CCN5 binds to the α6β1 integrins of the cells leading to inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. (ku.edu)
  • Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • the changes of proteins related to MAPK/ERK signaling pathway were also detected using western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. (nature.com)
  • A common eukaryotic signal transduction pathway is the G protein-mediated pathway in which G proteins link cell surface receptors to the appropriate effector (response) systems. (umaine.edu)
  • In mammals, PTCH1 is an important inhibitor in the so-called hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, whose downstream proteins can lead to cell growth. (medscape.com)
  • Dual specificity protein phosphatases (DSPs) regulate mitogenic signal transduction and control the cell cycle. (rcsb.org)
  • A shallow active site pocket in VHR allows for the hydrolysis of phosphorylated serine, threonine, or tyrosine protein residues, whereas the deeper active site of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) restricts substrate specificity to only phosphotyrosine. (rcsb.org)
  • Dixon's interest in phosphatases eventually led to analysis of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN, which shares sequence identity (the degree of similarity between two or more nucleotide sequences) with PTPases. (ucsd.edu)
  • Dr. Pryciak studies how protein kinases regulate cell signaling and the cell cycle. (umassmed.edu)
  • The insulin receptor (IR) and JAK1 tyrosine kinases and STAT3 can serve as direct substrates for the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • however, the mechanisms governing telomere length homeostasis in these cell types are unclear. (sens.org)
  • Our results reveal a function of HSF proteins in regulating mtROS homeostasis that is independent of the unfolded protein response. (lu.se)
  • 2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • for example, they provide structural stability to cells and tissues, give motility to individual cells, carry messages within and between cells, and regulate gene expression and metabolism. (biologists.com)
  • abstract = "Mitochondrial quality control prevents accumulation of intramitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thereby protecting cells against DNA damage, genome instability, and programmed cell death. (lu.se)
  • The Flores Kim lab studies how bacteria build their cell envelopes and how antimicrobials disrupt these processes. (umassmed.edu)
  • Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Jack E. Dixon, PhD, whose distinguished and varied 48-year career ranged from helping reveal how cells communicate and fundamental processes of disease to becoming a renowned scientific leader, including terms as associate vice chancellor of scientific affairs at UC San Diego School of Medicine and as chief scientific officer at Howard Hughes Medical Institute, is retiring. (ucsd.edu)
  • We also identified a novel mRNA processing mechanism that expands human proteome at the posttranscriptional level and regulates gene expression (Yao, P, et al. (rochester.edu)
  • The addition of phosphate groups is a common mechanism used by cells to turn enzymes on and off. (nih.gov)
  • It is the most common mechanism of regulating protein function and transmitting signals throughout the cell. (ucsd.edu)
  • The fungal cell cyle is considered with respect to the mechanism of sequential gene expression in Candida albicans, since little is known about the cell cycle in pathogenic molds. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to its key role in the eukaryotic cell cycles, Plk1 has been one of the most validated drug targets for cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During his post-doctoral training under Dr. Paul Fox at Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, he made contributions in understanding the translational control mechanisms regulating VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) expression in human monocytes. (rochester.edu)
  • Although enzyme mechanisms may differ between humans and mice, gaining a better understanding of DNA damage repair might someday allow us to specifically alter ATM in cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
  • Mechanisms that regulate development from single cell to multicellular organisms. (lu.se)
  • The transporter was identified by probing a mammalian-expressed sequence tag database with 2 fungal mitochondrial ornithine carrier protein sequences. (medscape.com)
  • Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
  • It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Dixon discovered that in Y. pestis , the enzyme functions as a lethal weapon when injected into mammalian cells, blocking the host immune response. (ucsd.edu)
  • Studies suggest that p27 is also involved in controlling cell differentiation, which is the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. (lu.se)
  • The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Plk1 protein and activity are low in G1, accumulate during S and G2/M phases, and are rapidly reduced in the late stages of mitosis [ 7 ]. (nature.com)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
  • These membranes are made up of squamous cells and the head and neck cancers that grow in these cells are called squamous cell carcinomas. (cancer.gov)
  • 1 In 2010, about 36,000 Americans are estimated to have been diagnosed with head and neck cancers and an estimated 7,880 were expected have died of squamous cell carcinomas. (cancer.gov)
  • The integration of HPV, a virus harboring oncoproteins E6 and E7 that cause HPV positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, is linked to increased somatic copy number variants. (cancer.gov)
  • Molecular characteristics may help clinicians improve the specificity of the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. (cancer.gov)
  • PTCH1 is frequently mutated on one allele in sporadic basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and according to Epstein, "upregulation of HH signaling is the pivotal abnormality in all BCCs. (medscape.com)
  • Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the CDKN1B gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the p27 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • studies suggest that certain endocrine cells may be particularly dependent on the p27 protein to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Like the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, these genetic changes reduce the amount of functional p27 available to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CCN5 treatment leads to an expression of functional ER-α in the TNBC cells, both in-vitro and in xenograft models, and sensitizes these cells to tamoxifen, commonly used for endocrine therapies. (ku.edu)
  • Lack of ER-α expression in TNBC cells or loss of ER-α activation after endocrine treatment of luminal cancers makes these breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen and other endocrine therapies. (ku.edu)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 4 (MEN 4) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by adenomas and sometimes hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Initial observations indicate that CCN5 induces expression of P16INK4A and P19ARF, resulting in cell cycle arrest of the tumor cells. (ku.edu)
  • MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The soil amoebae, Dictyostelium is employed and serves as a model system for examining the roles G proteins play in cell physiology. (umaine.edu)
  • This volume begins by discussing the cell wall which, besides its roles in pathogenesis, is now a practical drug target. (cdc.gov)
  • KRAS and YAP1 converge on the transcription factor FOS and activate a transcriptional program involved in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)
  • Here, we analyze the expression signature associated with all 687 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and identify 39 that significantly correlate with cell cycle mRNAs. (iric.ca)
  • More and more studies have found that abnormal expression or mutation of ribosomal proteins has an important regulatory effect on the occurrence and development of cancer [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some mutations impair the protein's ability to interact with regulatory proteins, while others lead to the production of an unstable version of p27 that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This creates interfaces for efficient binding to CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) and centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1 (C-NAP1), two proteins of the centrosomal linker. (muni.cz)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Study was originally published by the National Cancer Institute. (cancer.gov)
  • Based on this function, p27 is described as a tumor suppressor protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alternatively, activation of BMP signaling in HaCaT KC induces growth arrest, stimulates p27(Kip1) expression, and positively regulates p27(Kip1) promoter activity, thus further supporting a role of p27(Kip1) in mediating the effects of BMP signaling on HF size. (brad.ac.uk)
  • There are a number of hypothesized that regulating the transgene with a GFAP promoter in a different vectors that transduce cells in the brain in a slightly different viral vector would give rise to a high transgenic expression in the manner (for a review see, e.g. (lu.se)
  • He received his Ph.D. degree in the laboratory of Dr. En-Duo Wang in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Science in 2008, where he studied the structural and functional interplay of transfer RNA (tRNA) and tRNA synthetase in bacteria, yeast and human. (rochester.edu)
  • We recently discovered a new type of stress-responsive, protein-directed human RNA switch that regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in human monocytic cells (Ray, PS, et al. (rochester.edu)
  • Mouse and human cells with non-functional ATM are also more sensitive to radiation. (nih.gov)
  • This article focuses on the human menstrual cycle. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human RRM2. (novusbio.com)
  • Curcumin Inhibits Rift Valley Fever Virus Replication in Human Cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
  • Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), where the cancer cells do not express nuclear hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), have worse survival rate compared to the patients with luminal subtypes of cancer. (ku.edu)
  • We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
  • As with other mitochondrial carrier family proteins, the ornithine carrier is composed of 300 amino acids that constitute 3 repeated motifs of approximately 100 amino acids each. (medscape.com)
  • It controls the activity of many proteins in a cell by transferring phosphate chemical groups to these proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Present research aims to understand how covalent modification of Ga2 by phosphate, myristate and palmitate regulate Ga2 function. (umaine.edu)
  • Interaction of this protein with eIF4E inhibits complex assembly and represses translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lethality of mdm2 −/− mice before implantation makes it impossible to analyze Mdm2 interaction with p53 in vivo at specific times of development, at postnatal/adult stages, or in specific cell types. (molvis.org)
  • Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)
  • Our data point to the possibility that RVFV infection may result in the generation of novel versions of host components (such as IKK-β2) that by virtue of altered protein interaction and function, qualify as unique therapeutic targets. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Curcumin treatment down regulates viral replication in the liver of infected animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Bringing the cell cycle to a standstill after DNA damage occurs allows time for the cell's machinery to fix the errors before abnormal cells are generated. (nih.gov)
  • What are the components of a cell's response system and how are these components regulated? (umaine.edu)
  • In Dictyostelium discoideum , a single G protein a-subunit, Ga2, controls entry into the developmental phase of the cell's life cycle. (umaine.edu)
  • These alterations could make tumors more sensitive to DNA damage and cell death radiation therapy for cancer," said senior author André Nussenzweig, Ph.D., senior investigator in NCI's Experimental Immunology Branch. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we have shown that Cysteine-rich 61-Connective Tissue Growth Factor-nephroblastoma-overexpressed 5 (CCN5) induces growth arrest of TNBC cells in-vitro and in xenograft tumors. (ku.edu)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • Bioinformatic analyses of DNA- and protein sequences. (lu.se)
  • Urea-cycle enzyme activity is regulated by dietary protein. (medscape.com)
  • In part, glucagon and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) regulate urea-cycle enzyme transcription. (medscape.com)
  • Research has shown that when DNA damage occurs, a key enzyme - called ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein, or ATM - becomes activated. (nih.gov)
  • The rapid protocol (RP) PathScan ® RP Phospho-Aurora A (Thr288) Sandwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of Aurora A protein phosphorylated at Thr288 in a reduced assay time of 1.5 hours. (cellsignal.com)
  • In COAD cells, NEK6 was highly expressed, whereas miR-323a-3p was expressed at low levels and negatively regulated NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer cells that express oncogenic alleles of RAS typically require sustained expression of the mutant allele for survival, but the molecular basis of this oncogene dependency remains incompletely understood. (nih.gov)
  • Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, IBCB, SIBS, CAS. (deepdyve.com)
  • Recently, we have systematically investigated how molecular chaperones interact with the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein. (unibas.ch)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • A unique low molecular weight complex of the IKK-β subunit can be observed in MP-12 infected cells that we have labeled as IKK-β2. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • We use techniques in cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to examine G protein-mediated signal transduction. (umaine.edu)
  • The course is an optional second-cycle course for a degree of Bachelor or Master of Science in Biology and Molecular Biology. (lu.se)
  • The molecular architecture of fungal walls remains elusive because of difficulty in correlating chemical composition with the ultrastructural layers and uncertainty concerning the linkages connecting major cell wall polymers: glucans, mannan, and chitin. (cdc.gov)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA. (nih.gov)
  • BMC Cell Biology, 9 , 45. (springer.com)
  • Excessive telomere elongation compromises telomere stability and promotes the formation of partially single-stranded telomeric DNA circles (C-circles) in hESCs, suggesting heightened sensitivity of stem cells to replication stress at overly long telomeres. (sens.org)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) gammaherpesvirus with a poorly characterized lytic replication cycle. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the lytic replication cycle of the alpha- and betaherpesviruses are well characterized. (bvsalud.org)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • How do cells respond to extracellular stimuli? (umaine.edu)
  • It can very well be a state with higher energy than some intermediates, giving the protein intrinsic dynamic flexibility or induced dynamic response to stimuli. (biophysics.org)
  • There are a large number of co-chaperones that are known to bind to Hsp90 and regulate its ATP hydrolysis and chaperoning activity. (biophysics.org)
  • Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFS) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (gaps) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Plk1 plays a pathogenic role in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating autophagy/lysosome axis. (nature.com)
  • In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
  • In fact, Dixon was the first to discover that Yersinia pestis , the bacterium responsible for the plague or "black death" (which notoriously killed millions during the Middle Ages), harbors the most active protein tyrosine phosphatase yet described. (ucsd.edu)
  • protein sorting and protein maturation by passage through the cytoplasmic organelles of the cell. (lu.se)
  • It has been reported that BMP promotes the self-renewal of both embryonic and somatic stem cells and that BMP signaling activity significantly decreases with age, thus we posit that BMP induction may improve the function of MDSCs. (pitt.edu)
  • A second report focuses on the function of the protein ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1), a major component of the RNA-induced silencing complex in Arabidopsis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The research reported in Nature , led by Manuela Pellegrini, Ph.D., and Arkady Celeste, Ph.D., of NCI's Experimental Immunology Branch, shows that addition of a mutant version of the ATM protein (Atm-S1987A) that is unable to autophosphorylate can restore normal function to mice lacking ATM. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers attribute the rescue of ATM-deficient mice to the ability of the Atm-S1987A mutant protein to function normally without autophosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • None of these indicators of regular function can be detected in immune cells from mice lacking ATM. (nih.gov)
  • Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
  • We want to derive quantitative predictors for chaperone function, unravel atomic-level details of how clients are recognized, understand how the interplay works between chaperone and client dynamics and study how basic chaperone function is embedded into complex functional cycles. (unibas.ch)
  • Here, we show that Cryptococcus neoformans heat shock factor 3 (CnHsf3) exhibits an atypical function in regulating mtROS independent of the unfolded protein response. (lu.se)
  • epithelial cells of the small intestine and kidney also express these enzymes to a lesser extent, but their contribution to urea production is not significant. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
  • Next, we have shown that CCN5 protein can induce expression of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) in mammary epithelial cells. (ku.edu)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miRNAs targeting NEK6 in COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of NEK6 and miR-323a-3p in COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is composed of 2 non-identical subunits, proteins M1 and M2. (novusbio.com)
  • This protein is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation and insulin signaling, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of cap-dependent mRNA translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • NF45 and NF90 Regulate Mitotic Gene Expression by Competing with Staufen-Mediated mRNA Decay. (iric.ca)
  • Using proteomics, we identify protein clusters associated with the NF45-NF90 complex, including components of Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). (iric.ca)
  • Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
  • Heat shock proteins are emphasized because of the temperature-sensitive morphogenesis to the tissue form. (cdc.gov)
  • Microarray and real-time PCR analyses of the laser-captured hair matrix cells show a strong decrease in expression of Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) and increased expression of selected cyclins in TG vs. WT mice. (brad.ac.uk)
  • We found that SET domain bifurcated 1 Since no difference in food intake was observed between adqcKO f/f (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that Senp2 de-SUMOylated Senp2 and Senp2 mice fedeitherwithNCD or HFD and regulated Setdb1 action in trimethylation at histone 3 lysine 9 (Supplementary Figure S2A). (deepdyve.com)
  • Mice with the Atm-S1987A mutant protein appear normal and do not have the defects that are observed in mice without ATM. (nih.gov)
  • We found that mammary epithelium-specific overexpression of CCN5 in transgenic mice leads to an increase in ER-α expression and that this impact of CCN5 is not restricted to the normal cells. (ku.edu)
  • A balance between elongation and trimming regulates telomere stability in stem cells. (sens.org)
  • Here, we report that telomere length is determined by the balance between telomere elongation, which is mediated by telomerase, and telomere trimming, which is controlled by XRCC3 and Nbs1, homologous recombination proteins that generate single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA and double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles), respectively. (sens.org)