• Here, we show that Xenopus tadpole tail amputation induces a sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during tail regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Extreme era of reactive air species (ROS) gets the potential to initiate harm to lipids, protein, and DNA [3]. (findadig.com)
  • Considering the important role of activator protein-1 (AP-1) in regulating multiple genes involved in the cell proliferation and inflammation and the induction of neoplastic transformation, we aimed to evaluate the potency of TiO2 NPs (≤ 20 nm) on the activation of AP-1 signaling pathway and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a mouse epidermal cell line, JB6 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • While factors such as nitric oxide modulate HPV, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to act as essential mediators in HPV. (ersjournals.com)
  • Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidants that are normally produced as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Reactive oxidative species (ROS) were detected with flow cytometry measurements of peroxide-dependent oxidation of 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA). (molvis.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using dihydrodichlorofluorescein staining, and the chymotrypsin-like protease activities were measured using the Suc-LLVY-aminoluciferin substrate. (molvis.org)
  • In lung tissue, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione were all increased by WPS exposure. (who.int)
  • In our study, we demonstrate that PLGA-Exos stimulate osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent osteoclast differentiation in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used apoptosis-specific staining, reactive oxygen species detection, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, flow cytometry, and western blot for apoptosis detection. (bvsalud.org)
  • TXA could induce chondrocyte apoptosis in cell and protein levels with reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. (bvsalud.org)
  • One such process is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the neutrophil enzyme complex NADPH-oxidase, which can be assembled and active either extracellularly or intracellularly in phagosomes (during phagocytosis) and/or granules (in absence of phagocytosis). (lu.se)
  • BLIP acts as a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases such as TEM-1, which is the most widespread resistance enzyme to penicillin antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1 Moreover, taurine is a potent inhibitor of protein glycation and formation of AGEs (advanced glycation endproducts) that are responsible for many of the complications of diabetes as well as contributing importantly to other age-associated diseases. (life-enhancement.com)
  • It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. (chemspider.com)
  • Potent inhibitor of the complement Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) action. (lu.se)
  • While western blotting and other methods are useful for the examination of single proteins expressed by entire cell populations, flow cytometry allows the detection of multiple proteins simultaneously at the level of individual cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Walling DW , Shebib N , Weaver SC , Nichols CM , Flaitz CM , Webster-Cyriaque J . The molecular epidemiology and evolution of Epstein-Barr virus: sequence variation and genetic recombination in the latent membrane protein-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • In this way, the team identified a new small protein, growth inhibitor gene product (Gp) 0.6, which specifically targets and inhibits the activity of a protein essential to bacterial cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • The hemagglutinin (HA) gene codes for one of the two surface glycoproteins and is central to species specificity because it is responsible for virus attachment and fusion with host cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Kcne2 potassium channel ancillary subunit knockout model, disruption of this gene induces achlorhydria and is related to reduced parietal cell protein secretion and abnormal parietal cell morphology. (medscape.com)
  • His main research interests are the structure-based design, synthesis and evaluation of small-molecule enzyme inhibitors and receptor ligands. (degruyter.com)
  • Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Proteins (BLIPs) are a family of proteins produced by bacterial species including Streptomyces. (wikipedia.org)
  • We hope our approach will be used to further identify new growth inhibitors and their targets across bacterial species and in higher organisms. (eurekalert.org)
  • Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
  • For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • The relationship between cultivated soybean and perennial soybean seed proteins were examined by immunoblot analyses using antibodies raised against G. max ß-conglycinin, glycinin A3 subunit, lipoxygenase, leginsulin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor. (usda.gov)
  • Several studies have reported the presence of members of this protease family in sperm from various species. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Sheep Anti Mouse Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor Polyclonal Antiserum from Innovative Research is a polyclonal antibody in a Frozen liquid format. (innov-research.com)
  • Genome replication and subgenomic RNA transcription after entry carry on with the participation of many nonstructural proteins such as Mpro (main protease or 3CLpro), PLpro (papain-like protease) and RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). (medchemexpress.com)
  • It is worth mentioning that a protease called TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease, serine 2) play important roles throughout the whole life of CoVs (such as attachment, assembling and release) by cleaving S protein. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Some species also exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and enzymes inhibitory properties. (scialert.net)
  • Of note, the AP-1 activation induced by TiO2 NPs could be blocked by specific inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and SP 600125, respectively) that inhibit ERKs and p38 kinase but not JNKs. (cdc.gov)
  • Upon intracellular labelling with C6-NBD-PS using a novel approach, significantly increased outward transport of this analog in MDR1 overexpressing cells could be attributed to MDR1 Pgp by employing specific inhibitors. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Serine proteases play key roles in many biological processes, regulating surface proteins that are key-points in signaling pathways. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The contribution of the sperm serine to proteases to fertilization has been demonstrated by synthetic inhibitors and several single knock out experiments, but to date, there is no evidence that links a single enzyme to a single step of fertilization. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • This review summarizes current knowledge about serine proteases and their inhibitors in sperm capacitation and maturation, identifies questions that need to be answered, and provides a reference for future research. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Although activation of complement protein C3 is essential for the generation of normal inflammatory responses against pathogens, its unregulated activation during various pathological conditions leads to host cell damage. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that Compstatin's exclusive specificity for primate C3s could be exploited for the development of species-specific complement inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • Structure of a soluble, glycosylated form of the human complement regulatory protein CD59. (lu.se)
  • Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. (lu.se)
  • The expression of HMGB1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was assessed with immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. (molvis.org)
  • This study is to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in tert -butyl hydroperoxide ( t BHP)-induced apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork (iHTM) cells. (molvis.org)
  • Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
  • In the past years, several proteins were suggested to transport lipids between the leaflets of a membrane, and to potentially influence transverse lipid asymmetry and related cell properties. (hu-berlin.de)
  • In mammals, there are seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7) belonging to the class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of proteins. (activemotif.com)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) comprise a large family of proteins activated by a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines and environmental stress. (molvis.org)
  • CoVs have four main structural proteins: spike(S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. (medchemexpress.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, the lipid species are frequently distributed asymmetrically between the plasma membrane leaflets. (hu-berlin.de)
  • The human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with t BHP for 1 or 2 h with or without pretreatment of SB203580, an inhibitor of MAP kinase homologs. (molvis.org)
  • Interestingly, TiO2 NPs increased the AP-1 activity via stimulating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), p38 kinase, and C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). (cdc.gov)
  • Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase. (lu.se)
  • ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
  • While techniques for cell surface staining are relatively standard, optimal staining for intracellular markers often depends on the biology of the target protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Also, intracellular phosphatases can quickly dephosphorylate these proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This buffer system can also be used to stain some transcription factors and other intracellular proteins. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Metformin, a known inhibitor of mitochondrial OXPHOS, has been indicated to reduce NSCLC morbidity and mortality in clinical studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Interplant communication: airborne methyl jasmonate induces synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in plant leaves. (harvard.edu)
  • Methyl jasmonate, a common plant secondary compound, when applied to surfaces of tomato plants, induces the synthesis of defensive proteinase inhibitor proteins in the treated plants and in nearby plants as well. (harvard.edu)
  • The presence of methyl jasmonate in the atmosphere of chambers containing plants from three species of two families, Solanaceae and Fabaceae, results in the accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in leaves of all three species. (harvard.edu)
  • When sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, a plant shown to possess methyl jasmonate in leaf surface structures, is incubated in chambers with tomato plants, proteinase inhibitor accumulation is induced in the tomato leaves, demonstrating that interplant communication can occur from leaves of one species of plant to leaves of another species to activate the expression of defensive genes. (harvard.edu)
  • Kinetic analysis of enzyme inactivation in hepatocytes was used to describe the effect of these time-dependent inhibitors and derive the inhibition parameters k inact and K I , which generally were in good agreement with the values derived using recombinant P450s and human liver microsomes (HLMs). (aspetjournals.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein (HEK293) is the recombinant S1 protein produced in HEK293 cells. (medchemexpress.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S Protein RBD (HEK293, His) produced in HEK293 cells is a recombinant SARS-CoV S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) with His tag. (medchemexpress.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein (HEK293, mFc) is the recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 protein with C-mFc tag produced in HEK293 cells. (medchemexpress.com)
  • The precise regulation of their activity is thought to be performed by specific endogenous or extrinsic inhibitors. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Reduction of PS exposure by an MDR1 Pgp inhibitor suggests transport of endogenous PS by MDR1 Pgp. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Besides MDR1 Pgp, the ABC half-size transporter Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is possibly also involved in transport of C6-NBD-PS and in increased exposure of endogenous PS, as found in a BCRP overexpressing EPG85-257 subline. (hu-berlin.de)
  • This unique 45 kDa protein was immunologically related to the A3 glycinin subunit of G. max. (usda.gov)
  • Glycation, the result of a protein or lipid molecule bonding with sugar molecules, is a consequence of the aging process. (molvis.org)
  • However, the interactions of endocannabinoids with Aβ species and their mechanisms have not been fully explored. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Mechanism-based P450 inhibitors can be characterized as displaying NADPH-, concentration-, and time-dependent quasi-irreversible or irreversible inactivation because of chemical modification of the heme and/or protein, and the inactivation rate is diminished in the presence of a competing substrate ( Silverman, 1998 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • For studies on cytokine production, cells are first treated with a protein transport inhibitor to allow accumulation of the target protein inside the cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In addition, decreased accumulation of analogs of diacylglycerol and ceramide suggest MDR1 Pgp mediated transport of these lipid species. (hu-berlin.de)
  • Although the present arsenal of Top1 inhibitors is effective in the treatment of solid tumors, their common camptothecin-based structure is plagued by physicochemical and pharmacological issues. (purdue.edu)
  • Fluorescent antibodies specific for cell surface markers can be combined with markers of apoptosis, proliferation and protein phosphorylation to determine which cell subsets respond to various stimuli or treatments. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Phosphorylation of some proteins, such as Stat5, results in dimer formation that masks the phosphorylated epitope of interest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 2002). At pH 2 to 3, at which the protein has a net charge low et al. (lu.se)
  • His main research topics have been the design, synthesis, and study of the binding modes of peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway inhibitors. (degruyter.com)
  • Transport of C6-NBD-PS was furthermore characterized here in four additional cell lines of different species and tissue origin with varying synthesis levels of MDR1 Pgp. (hu-berlin.de)
  • By sequence similarity analysis and functional assays from the species Streptomyces lividans TK23, S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. glaucescens GLA.O, first hints for a widespread lack of MalP and presence of AmlE in the class Actinobacteria were given. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis inhibitors reduce the proliferation of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by interfering with the aerobic glycolytic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results of our studies suggest that even though the seed proteins of wild perennial Glycine species and G. max are immunologically related, their genes have diverged from each other during the course of evolution. (usda.gov)
  • Using high-throughput DNA sequencing, the researchers located mutations in bacterial genes that resisted the toxicity of growth inhibitors produced by bacterial viruses. (eurekalert.org)
  • Bimolecular interaction analysis using a real-time surface plasmon resonance-based assay showed that Compstatin exhibits exclusive specificity for primate C3s and does not bind either to C3s from lower mammalian species or to two structural homologs of C3, human C4 and C5. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we have examined the species-specificity of Compstatin. (nih.gov)
  • Then the structural proteins are translated, assembled into mature virions, and released via vesicles by exocytosis. (medchemexpress.com)
  • The protein level of phospho-p38 was measured using western blot analysis. (molvis.org)
  • Compared with the BSA controls, the RGC-5 cells incubated with AGE-BSA showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-A protein secretion in the supernatant, with the highest levels achieved at 24 h. (molvis.org)
  • however, their 3-nitro group could be reduced in vivo to species with nonspecific and harmful protein and DNA reactivity. (purdue.edu)
  • A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. (chemspider.com)
  • The commercial and nutritive value of soybean is influenced by the seed protein concentration. (usda.gov)
  • An increase in protein concentration by a few percentage points would significantly improve the value of the crop. (usda.gov)
  • Among the origins of achlorhydria that are related to medical care, medications like proton pump inhibitors that block H+/K+ -ATPase activity can induce achlorhydria. (medscape.com)
  • Vertebrate amphibian tadpoles of the species Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis have remarkable abilities to regenerate their tails following amputation, through the coordinated activity of numerous growth factor signalling pathways, including the Wnt, Fgf, Bmp, Notch and TGF-β pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, we hypothesized that endocannabinoids might reduce amyloid β-protein deposition and inhibit neuronal cell death through CB1 or other possible pathways. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • In addition to the classical purification and expression studies, we summarized recent advances in proteomics and performed a bioinformatics search of proteases and inhibitors, providing support for the idea of redundancy. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Therefore, in addition to enzyme activity, mRNA and/or protein levels should be measured to fully evaluate the P450 induction potential of a drug candidate. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Induction of P450s can be demonstrated using one or more of a combination of different endpoints: mRNA, protein via Western blotting, and activity using a selective substrate. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The VEGF-A protein and mRNA levels in conditioned medium of RGC-5 cells incubated with AGE-modified BSA (AGE-BSA) were examined with real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and BSA-treated cells were used as controls. (molvis.org)
  • Perennial Glycine species, distant relatives of soybean, have been recognized as a potential source of new genetic diversity for soybean improvement. (usda.gov)
  • In spite of the potential of the perennial Glycine species for soybean improvement, very little is known about their storage proteins and their relationship with cultivated soybean seed proteins. (usda.gov)
  • The reason for the potential benefit of COX-2 inhibitors in horses and other species is unknown. (avma.org)
  • Many Erythrina species showed real potential for fighting against pathogenic agents incriminated in alarming public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. (scialert.net)
  • In the second effort, thirty-two new indenoisoquinolines substituted with linear and cyclic carbohydrate-derived or carbohydrate-mimetic moieties were designed and synthesized as potential Top1 inhibitors. (purdue.edu)