Morpholino oligos are often used to investigate the role of a specific mRNA transcript in an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report a class of mRNA granules in human neuronal processes that are enriched in the nuclear cap-binding protein complex (CBC) and exon junction complex (EJC) core components, Y14 and eIF4AIII. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to the cis -elements in its 3′UTR and trans -acting factor Staufen, posterior localization of oskar mRNA requires deposition of exon junction complex (EJC) in its first exon through splicing ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
Consistent with this finding, core components of EJC (eIF4AIII, Barentsz, Tsunagi, and Mago nashi) are critical for oskar mRNA localization ( Hachet and Ephrussi, 2001 , 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
The molecular link between splicing and mRNA localization/local translation has also been demonstrated in mammalian neurons. (frontiersin.org)
To examine the involvement of interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) in transcription and pre-mRNA splicing in mammalian cell nuclei, the serine-arginine (SR) protein kinase cdc2-like kinase (Clk)/STY was used as a tool to manipulate IGC integrity in vivo. (rupress.org)
Throughout these described changes in expression, DmFKBP12 mRNA remain stable, which indicates that protein dynamics are attributed to regulation at the mRNA to protein translation level. (biomedcentral.com)
First-strand complementary deoxyribonucleic acidity (cDNA) was synthesized in the poly-A formulated with messenger RNA (mRNA) as indicated below. (health-e-nc.org)
Synthesis1
IGCs are composed of particles measuring 20-25 nm in diameter, and they contain numerous factors that are involved in RNA synthesis and processing. (rupress.org)
Ribonucleic2
Morpholinos block access of other molecules to small (~25 base) specific sequences of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA). (wikipedia.org)
In the tests described in this specific article, we used gene microarray evaluation to correlate modifications in ribonucleic acidity (RNA) transcription in AVMs and CCMs towards the previously released abnormal protein appearance in these lesions. (health-e-nc.org)
MicroRNAs1
Heterogeneous population of RNA granules serve as motile units to translocate, store, translate, and degrade mRNAs in the dendrites contain cis -elements and trans -acting factors such as RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs to convey stimulus-, transcript-specific local translation. (frontiersin.org)
Neuronal2
The existence of mRNAs retaining both nuclear cap binding protein and EJC in the distal sites of neuronal processes suggests that some localized mRNAs have not yet undergone the "very first translation," which contribute to the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Fertilized egg, through the profile as under-membrane cortex distribution concentering onto basement at cellular blastoderm, to the profile as three-gem layer localization in primitive neuronal and digestion architecture of early Drosophila gastrula. (biomedcentral.com)
Granules1
Our data suggest that the protein-protein interactions responsible for the clustering of interchromatin granules are disrupted when SR proteins are hyperphosphorylated and stabilized when SR proteins are hypophosphorylated. (rupress.org)
Gene8
A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Gene knockdown is achieved by reducing the expression of a particular gene in a cell. (wikipedia.org)
RNA transport and regulated local translation play critically important roles in spatially restricting gene expression in neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Global gene expression profiling of mouse medulloblastomas and bioinformatics analyses of microRNA targets suggest that minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) is a likely target gene of miR-31 in suppressing cell growth. (oncotarget.com)
Research areas in Molecular Biology and Genomics, focusing on large-scale analysis of gene expression, molecular markers of cancer, noncoding RNAs. (fapesp.br)
This project aims to investigate the contribution of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to epigenetic reprogramming and control of gene expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). (fapesp.br)
The type I target gene folded gastrulation is activated only in response to peak levels of the Dl gradient, so that expression is restricted to a subdomain of the presumptive mesoderm. (sdbonline.org)
The zerknullt target gene is repressed by high and low levels of the gradient, so that expression is restricted to the presumptive dorsal ectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
Posterior1
Although DmFKBP12 is distributed evenly between the anterior to posterior poles of the blastoderm egg, the protein is expressed more strongly in the cortex of the early Drosophila gastrula with the highest concentration found in the basement membrane of the cellular blastoderm. (biomedcentral.com)
Degradation1
Morpholinos do not trigger the degradation of their target RNA molecules, unlike many antisense structural types (e.g., phosphorothioates, siRNA). (wikipedia.org)
Cellular3
In higher eukaryotes, dynein/dynactin requires additional components such as Bicaudal D to form an active motor complex and for regulating its cellular localization. (biologists.com)
DmFKBP12 is first expressed at the syncytial blastoderm stage and undergoes increased expression during the cellular blastoderm and early gastrulation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
As a unique isoform of RyR in insect, the binding protein DmFKBP12 is essential as well in insect physiological and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin1
We demonstrate that miR-31 inhibits MCM2 expression via its 3'-untranslated region, that knockdown of MCM2 in DAOY cells leads to a degree of growth inhibition comparable to that by miR-31 restoration, and that overexpression of miR-31 reduces the chromatin loading of MCM2 at the point of G1/S transition. (oncotarget.com)
Genes1
In the case of protein-coding genes, this usually leads to a reduction in the quantity of the corresponding protein in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Exon1
in a similar manner, causing a specific exon to be spliced out of the RNA transcript encoding a protein can help to determine the function of the protein moiety encoded by that exon or can sometimes knock down the protein activity altogether. (wikipedia.org)
Green floures1
To define the localization of WDFY2 in the endocytic pathway, we transiently transfected hTERT-RPE1 cells with green flourescent protein (GFP)-WDFY2 and performed structured illumination microscopy (SIM) together with APPL1 and EEA1 visualized with antibodies (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
Transcription1
The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
Targets1
Spindly is a protein that targets dynein/dynactin to kinetochores in mitosis and can activate its motility in vitro . (biologists.com)
Kinase1
Because the members of the PIP5KI and PIP4KII families exhibit specific and distinct subcellular localization patterns, it has been postulated that local increases in PIP2 concentration by a specific kinase member may underlie its diverse signaling functions [ 5 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bind2
Usually 25 bases in length, they bind to complementary sequences of RNA or single-stranded DNA by standard nucleic acid base-pairing. (wikipedia.org)
A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
Nuclear2
Both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses of cells overexpressing Clk/STY indicate that IGC components are completely redistributed to a diffuse nuclear localization, leaving no residual structure. (rupress.org)
Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant, Clk/STY(K190R), causes retention of hypophosphorylated SR proteins in nuclear speckles. (rupress.org)
Exhibit1
Some of the E(spl) complex also exhibit early expression in the presumptive mesectoderm. (sdbonline.org)
Regulation1
Recent studies indicate that dys-regulation of microRNA expression plays important roles in tumorigenesis. (oncotarget.com)
Isoform2
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. (elifesciences.org)
Microtubules2
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Cells4
Techniques for targeting Morpholinos to RNAs and delivering Morpholinos into cells have recently been reviewed in a journal article and in book form. (wikipedia.org)
We show that loss of WDFY2 leads to enhanced secretion of MT1-MMP and allows cells to actively invade into ECM. (nature.com)
The experiments show that the filaments progressively become more ordered as the myoblasts develop into muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we show that the genomic region surrounding human miR-31 at 9p21.3 is frequently deleted in many solid tumor cell lines, and reintroducing miR-31 into DAOY cells, a line of human medulloblastoma cells devoid of miR-31, strongly suppresses cell growth, causes cell cycle arrest at the G1/S boundary, and inhibits colony formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenesis in nude mice. (oncotarget.com)
Cluster1
This enhancer contains a cluster of low-affinity Dl binding sites that restrict expression to the ventral-most regions of early embryos. (sdbonline.org)
Form1
Through this interaction, mRNAs and their associative proteins form messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) that are actively transported along the cytoskeleton to intracellular destinations. (frontiersin.org)
Activity1
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2, hereafter referred to as PIP2) either binds to intracellular proteins and directly modulates their subcellular localization and activity or acts as a precursor for the generation of other second messengers. (biomedcentral.com)
Complex1
As a critical regulator of the DmRyR-FKBP complex, DmFKBP12 expression in Drosophila fluctuates temporally and geographically with the formation of organ systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Quantity1
The quantity of RNA isolated is certainly indicated in Desk 1. (health-e-nc.org)
Function1
Here, we have studied the function of WDFY2, a cytosolic protein that has been described to reside on endocytic vesicles close to the plasma membrane 6 . (nature.com)
Data1
2.5 Data and statistical analysis Data are shown as mean SEM as well as the P values had been established using the unpaired student's em t /em -check. (californiaehealth.org)
Critical1
As a critical component of the signaling pathway, the RyR medicated calcium-induced calcium release signaling system, has been well studied along with their regulator FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12/Calstabin). (biomedcentral.com)
Similar1
The PE enhancer from the twist promoter region exhibits a similar pattern of expression. (sdbonline.org)
Results1
Our results show that treatment with L-arginine increased S-glutathiolation of AR in diabetic animals and that this was associated with a decrease in sorbitol accumulation, PKC activation, and ROS generation. (californiaehealth.org)
Unique1
Beetle hyperactive antifreeze protein (AFP) has a unique ability to maintain a supercooling state of its body fluids, however, less is known about its origination. (mdpi.com)
Region1
A synthetic enhancer containing high-affinity Dl-binding sites and Twist binding sites exhibits expression in this region. (sdbonline.org)
Small2
WDFY2 localizes to actin-stabilized endosome tubules positive for the small GTPase RAB4 and shows a preference for highly curved membranes enriched for the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). (nature.com)
WDFY2 showed labeling of two vesicle pools, a small pool negative for both APPL1 and EEA1, and one major pool, which is positive for EEA1. (nature.com)
Stage1
TABLE 1 Overview of sufferers and lesionsa for thirty minutes, top of the aqueous stage was used in a new pipe. (health-e-nc.org)