Protein protein rna double stranded. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim is to address concerns over tiny amounts of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) impurities that form during the manufacture of vaccines and other drugs. (genengnews.com)
Because of the double-stranded structure of dsRNA, the team reasoned that it would respond to the dye like double-helix DNA. (genengnews.com)
The researchers found that, by running the samples independently with each dye, they could detect which RNA was dsRNA by whether it responded more to the DNA or RNA dye. (genengnews.com)
The mRNA in the sample responded more strongly to the RNA label, De Peña explained, whereas the dsRNA had a higher affinity to the DNA dye. (genengnews.com)
The specialized ribonuclease Dicer initiates RNA interference by cleaving double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates into small fragments about 25 nucleotides in length. (nih.gov)
The double stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon: dsRNA-PK. (wikidata.org)
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The two phyla do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor, but evolved their double strands two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Based on phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, the two clades do not share a common dsRNA ancestor but are instead separately descended from different positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The class Duplopiviricetes is the second clade of dsRNA viruses and is in the phylum Pisuviricota, which also contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The genomes of these viruses consist of 10 to 12 segments of dsRNA, each generally encoding one protein. (wikipedia.org)
In particular, reovirus has eight structural proteins and ten segments of dsRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of the plant encoded, double-stranded (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (pPKR) is significantly enhanced over basal levels during early phases of virus and viroid infection. (elsevierpure.com)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulates in virus-infected mammalian cells and signals the activation of host defense pathways of the interferon system. (elsevierpure.com)
We describe here a novel form of dsRNA-triggered signaling that leads to the stimulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and the c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and of their respective activators MKK3/6 and SEK1/MKK4. (elsevierpure.com)
The dsRNA-dependent signaling to p38 MAPK was largely intact in cells lacking both RNase L and the dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), i.e., the two best-characterized mediators of dsRNA-triggered antiviral responses. (elsevierpure.com)
In contrast, activation of both MKK4 and JNK by dsRNA was greatly reduced in cells lacking RNase L (or lacking both RNase L and PKR) but was restored in these cells when introduction of dsRNA was followed by inhibition of ongoing protein synthesis or transcription. (elsevierpure.com)
We propose that p38 MAPK is a general participant in dsRNA-triggered cellular responses, whereas the activation of JNK might be restricted to cells with reduced rates of protein synthesis. (elsevierpure.com)
Members of the conserved family of eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Rdrs) synthesize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates in diverse pathways of small RNA (sRNA) biogenesis and RNA-mediated silencing. (nih.gov)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates a biochemical machinery into the cell which degrades those mRNA molecules with a genetic code complementary to that of the dsRNA. (europa.eu)
A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. (bvsalud.org)

Importantly, THA8L has strong binding preference for single-stranded RNA over single-stranded DNA or double-stranded RNA. (rcsb.org)
Now, a recently discovered CRISPR protein, called Cas12a2, has been found to act as a kind of multi-purpose self-destruct system for bacteria, capable of degrading single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
In a first for the genetic toolset known as CRISPR, a recently discovered protein has been found to act as a kind of multipurpose self-destruct system for bacteria, capable of degrading single-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers discovered that, with a single mutation to the Cas12a2 protein, the active site degrades only single-stranded DNA -- a feature especially useful in developing new diagnostics tailored for any of a wide range of viruses. (sciencedaily.com)
Such a diagnostic would still require separate work and probably involve collecting saliva or a nasal sample from a patient to be mixed with the team's modified Cas12a2 protein, the piece of guide RNA that acts like a mugshot to identify a specific virus, and a fluorescent probe designed to light up when its single-stranded DNA gets cut. (sciencedaily.com)
And so, the helix in the middle pops open, and then this allows this active site to destroy the bits of DNA that become single-stranded. (sciencedaily.com)
Taylor, Bravo, Hallmark and Jackson are inventors on a patent application covering modifications to the Cas12a2 protein that enable it to cut only single-stranded DNA and for its use in diagnostics. (sciencedaily.com)
Stabilizers at heart, these proteins prevent re-annealing (reunion) of single-stranded DNAs before it's their time to replicate. (aboutdarwin.com)
They preferentially cleave single-stranded RNA molecules between purine and uridine residues to generate two nucleotide fragments with 2'3'-cyclic phosphate adenosine/guanosine terminus and uridine residue, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
The Phase 2 grant builds upon a successfully completed Phase 1 program that demonstrated the feasibility of using single-stranded antisense drugs to target the RNAi pathway. (news-medical.net)
Much of the work will focus on optimizing the chemical properties of single-stranded oligonucleotides that trigger the RNAi pathway. (news-medical.net)
This provides the opportunity to develop simplified single-stranded antisense drugs that can utilize the RNAi pathway to treat human disease. (news-medical.net)
By contrast, RNA is a single-stranded molecule. (databasefootball.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The eponymous FinO protein was discovered as a regulator of F plasmid conjugation nearly 50 years ago, and acts to bind a single partner sRNA called FinP to stabilize FinP and facilitate its interactions with its antisense partner, the mRNA encoding the major F plasmid transcription factor, TraJ 5 . (nature.com)
Likewise, the ProQ/FinO domain-containing protein RocC of Legionella pneumophila interacts with only one trans -acting sRNA (RocR) to repress post-transcriptionally multiple mRNA targets 6 . (nature.com)
Cells can inhibit the expression of intrinsic or foreign genes at the mRNA level by RNA interference. (europa.eu)
When such mRNA molecules disappear, no protein is made and the corresponding gene is silenced. (europa.eu)
Such silencing RNA molecules can be introduced into the cell and activate the RNA interference machinery to silence the complementary mRNA sequence. (europa.eu)
After transcription, the shRNA is processed into active 21-nucleotides RNAs by a cellular enzyme called Dicer, and it recognises and destroys the viral mRNA target. (europa.eu)
RNAi is an antisense mechanism that involves using RNA to target a specific messenger RNA sequence (mRNA) for degradation. (news-medical.net)
The antisense RNA within active RISC binds to its mRNA target, which is then cleaved and degraded by the RNase enzyme in the complex. (news-medical.net)
These types of RNA are transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). (databasefootball.com)
Ribose is found in mRNA, and mRNA plays an important role in protein synthesis for eukaryotic hours. (databasefootball.com)
mRNA copies the genetic code from DNA and brings this information to the ribosomes, which are able to read the sequences of A, G, C and U. Thanks to this process the correct proteins will be synthesized by the ribosomes, and the mRNA will then typically break apart. (databasefootball.com)
RNA polymerases read the codes from specific areas of the DNA and transcribe the information into a mRNA copy of the DNA. (cdc.gov)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)

Rdr-dependent pathways of sRNA production are poorly characterized relative to Rdr-independent pathways, and the Rdr enzymes themselves are poorly characterized relative to their viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase counterparts. (nih.gov)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear protein that uses NAD + to synthesize a multibranched polyanion composed of ADP-ribose moieties, giving rise to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), onto itself or a variety of target proteins. (nature.com)
A type of RNA polymerase, it sets the starting point for replication by adding small RNA primers. (aboutdarwin.com)
This enzyme, called RNA polymerase, makes messenger RNA by moving along the right-handed DNA duplex. (mit.edu)
Only the genes that are being expressed have it, as only they have the RNA polymerase molecule moving along the DNA," Professor Rich said. (mit.edu)

CPV exhibits striking capsid stability and is fully capable of endogenous RNA transcription and processing. (wikipedia.org)
Each of these is assembled from eleven separately transcribed RNAs produced by transfecting the transcription vectors into the right cell lines - BHK-T7. (news-medical.net)
The rSA11/NSP3-CoV2/S viruses produced smaller plaques and lower viral titers in cell culture than the wildtype, perhaps because the RNA elongation time required for transcription of the segment 7 dsRNAs is increased during the replication of the virus, or the longer translation time to synthesize proteins encoded from these RNAs. (news-medical.net)
The virion core contains several enzymes needed for transcription and capping of viral RNA. (medscape.com)
DNA Replication and RNA Transcription, although seemingly complex terms, hold within them concepts that are beautifully precise, methodical - true marvels of nature. (aboutdarwin.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

Both p20 and p10 bound preferentially to structured RNA molecules. (cshl.edu)
RNAi is activated when RNA molecules occur as double-stranded pairs in the cell. (europa.eu)
RNA interference can be induced by synthetic short double-stranded RNA molecules containing around 21-25 nucleotides (short interfering RNAs - siRNAs). (europa.eu)
Two double-stranded DNA molecules. (aboutdarwin.com)
Many non-coding sequences produce RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by turning them on and off. (evolutionnews.org)
Ribonucleases (RNases) are RNA-processing or -degrading enzymes that hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds within RNA molecules ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Just as the rungs on DNA are made-up of complementary molecules that are inherently attracted to each other, RNA has the same magnetic potential to link with another piece of RNA if it has matching molecules. (duke.edu)

Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified into two phyla, Duplornaviricota and Pisuviricota (specifically class Duplopiviricetes), in the kingdom Orthornavirae and realm Riboviria. (wikipedia.org)
Double-stranded RNA viruses include the rotaviruses, known globally as a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and bluetongue virus, an economically significant pathogen of cattle and sheep. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from RdRp, viruses in Duplornaviricota also share icosahedral capsids that contain 60 homo- or heterodimers of the capsid protein organized on a pseudo T=2 lattice. (wikipedia.org)
They are targeting the messenger RNA of the nucleoprotein gene of these viruses, then blocking the virus multiplication process. (europa.eu)
The ADAR1 protein is also thought to inhibit the replication and spread of certain viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C, by modifying their RNA. (medlineplus.gov)
It displays antiviral activity against positive, double-stranded RNA viruses and some DNA viruses 2 . (randox.com)
Following tissue damage, RNase T2 is secreted and participates in resistance against RNA viruses or functions as an alarm signaling molecule to regulate the host immune response and contributes to tissue remodeling and repair ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
Single-strand RNA viruses are further divided into those with (+) sense and (-) sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

The University of Tokyo team, however, only looked at a "very limited set" of duplex RNAs with "very particular parameters in terms of the end nucleotides and terminal mismatches" - all of which could have affected their findings. (genomeweb.com)
It was previously concluded that Dicer is dispensable for asymmetric RISC loading, but our expanded set of duplex RNAs has demonstrated that this conclusion is true only for certain types of duplex RNAs such as those with unfavorable 5' nucleotides on the passenger strand or with terminal mismatches," they wrote in RNA . (genomeweb.com)
On the other hand, RNA is a single chain of nucleotides primarily involved in protein synthesis following the master plan outlined by DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)

Furthermore, to facilitate the transfer of the functional interfering RNA sequences to infected animals, we have constructed a recombinant DNA viral vector commonly used as a vaccine. (europa.eu)
With this adenovirus vector, an active siRNA sequences (N1-PPRV) was transcribed into the infected cells as a short hairpin RNA precursor (shRNA, with approximately 50 nt). (europa.eu)
it has been known for forty years that the structures of proteins are determined by their amino acid sequences, but as recently as five or six years ago it was generally thought that the prediction problem was completely intractable as very little progress had been made. (bakerlab.org)
this goal remained elusive for the first few years, but about a year and a half ago we made a breakthrough and found that we could make very accurate predictions for some proteins using a trick that involves folding not only the sequence of the protein of interest but also the sequences of a large number of evolutionarily related homologs. (bakerlab.org)
so now, looking at David Kim's results and seeing that for quite a few proteins we are coming close to predicting structure from their amino acid sequences without any other information is pretty breathtaking. (bakerlab.org)
These encoded sequences for the non-structural protein NSP3 and some parts of the viral spike. (news-medical.net)
An artist in its own right, Ligase dutifully connects Okazaki fragments (short sequences produced at the lagging strand) during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
It encodes 1227 predicted open reading frames, of which 27% encode proteins that match known eukaryotic sequences, while over half are not recognizable. (virology.ws)
There are ample mobile genetic elements present, including self splicing proteins (called inteins) and sequences known as ribozymes that can splice themselves out of an RNA. (virology.ws)

The intracellular distribution pattern suggests that RNase T2 may be involved in degrading exogenous or endogenous RNAs in lysosome and regulating mitochondrial RNA metabolism ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
While these are early days for CellREADR (Cell access through RNA sensing by Endogenous ADAR), the possible applications appear to be endless, Huang said, as is its potential to work across the animal kingdom. (duke.edu)

A mechanism for the control of protein synthesis by adenovirus VA RNAI. (wikidata.org)
These results are consistent with the notion that the role of RNase L and PKR in the activation of MKK4 and JNK is the elimination, via inhibition of protein synthesis, of a labile negative regulator(s) of the signaling to JNK acting upstream of SEK1/MKK4. (elsevierpure.com)
These processes are responsible for genetic continuity and protein synthesis, enabling life as we know it. (aboutdarwin.com)
in particular, what varies is the point in the "string" of code at which protein synthesis starts . (evolutionnews.org)
The genome encodes proteins involved in DNA replication and repair, RNA synthesis and modification, translation proteins, and capsid proteins. (virology.ws)
As BsV does not encode enzymes involved in this process, the virus must use host tRNAs in the process of protein synthesis. (virology.ws)
While DNA is responsible for storing genetic information, it is RNA that codes for the synthesis of amino acids and carries information between ribosomes and DNA, allowing ribosomes to make proteins. (databasefootball.com)
There are three primary types of RNA that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. (databasefootball.com)
The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. (bvsalud.org)

Identification of a 90-kDa polypeptide which associates with adenovirus VA RNAI and is phosphorylated by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. (wikidata.org)
The strategy is based on the RNA interference (RNAi), a process which has been the winning research of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006. (europa.eu)
In particular, the RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are of notable significance for the control of viral infections. (mdpi.com)
Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has announced that it has been awarded a multi-year Phase 2 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for up to $1.5 million to design oligonucleotide drugs that can exploit the RNA interference (RNAi) antisense mechanism for disease treatment. (news-medical.net)
We are pleased with the continued support from the NIH in our ongoing efforts to apply our RNA technologies, oligonucleotide chemistries and expertise to exploit antisense mechanisms, such as RNAi, for therapeutic benefit. (news-medical.net)
The most common RNAi agents are double-stranded RNAs, which ultimately associate with proteins to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). (news-medical.net)
Although most currently practiced methods of inducing the RNAi mechanism utilize double-stranded RNAs, RISC requires only the antisense strand to function. (news-medical.net)

Reduced activity of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during a heat shock stress. (wikidata.org)
Interaction of adenovirus VA RNAl with the protein kinase DAI: nonequivalence of binding and function. (wikidata.org)
Langland, J , Langland, L & Roth, D 1998, ' Differential localization and accumulation of the plant double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during virus infection ', Plant Physiology and Biochemistry , vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 395-400. (elsevierpure.com)
The double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase, DAI (also known as PKR), contains an RNA-binding domain comprising two tandem repeats of a motif, the dsRBM, which is shared with a number of other proteins that interact with structured RNAs. (cshl.edu)
We have expressed the entire domain and the first copy of the motif in Escherichia coli and purified the two proteins, p20 and p10, to apparent homogeneity in order to study their interactions with RNA and with the intact kinase enzyme. (cshl.edu)

Several PAR-binding modules orchestrate the relocation of DDR-associated factors in addition to the accumulation of intrinsically disordered proteins through an intracellular liquid demixing mechanism 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
By contrast, IFIH1 a sensor of intracellular double-stranded RNA, has been inactivated by mutations in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)

B) Protein sequence alignment of open reading frame (ORF) 4a (residues 10-76) of all 13 MERS-CoV strains from Jordan in 2015 compared with the consensus sequence of the Riyadh 2015 cluster. (cdc.gov)
C) Protein sequence alignment of ORF3 (residues 25-77) of all 13 MERS-CoV strains from Jordan in 2015 compared with the consensus sequence of the Riyadh 2015 cluster. (cdc.gov)
however, this work did not achieve the goal of predicting structure accurately from the amino acid sequence of a protein alone as we had to resort to evolutionary information. (bakerlab.org)
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins that form a pervasive family of proteins conserved in yeast, plants, and humans. (rcsb.org)
Using a high-resolution imaging technique called cryo-EM, the team discovered that when this protein, named Cas12a2, binds to a specific sequence of genetic material from a potentially dangerous virus, called a target RNA, a side portion of Cas12a2 swings out to reveal an active site, similar to a sprung-open switchblade knife. (sciencedaily.com)
The linear sequence of the A, T, C, and G bases in what is called coding DNA determines the particular protein that a short segment of DNA, known as a gene, will encode. (evolutionnews.org)
A sensor sequence is then designed as the target RNA's complementary strand. (duke.edu)
After a sensor makes its way into a cell and finds its target RNA sequence, both pieces glom together to create a piece of double-stranded RNA. (duke.edu)
The stop sign, which prevents the protein blueprints from being built, is only removed once CellREADR's sensor docks to its target RNA sequence, making it highly specific for a given cell type. (duke.edu)

Previous research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate immune response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), also known as MDA5. (frontiersin.org)

DNA, a double-stranded molecule, is the primary genetic material directly responsible for development and inheritable traits. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA is the molecule that encodes the genetic instructions enabling a cell to produce the thousands of proteins it typically needs. (evolutionnews.org)
Yet DNA has a complementary molecule known as RNA. (databasefootball.com)

RNA interference occurs in plants, animals, and humans and it is already being used as a method to study the function of genes and as a defence strategy against diseases. (europa.eu)

It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)
They pair with bases on the old strand during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)

Recombinant human Argonaute2 alone is capable of acquiring a guide RNA strand by associating with siRNAs or microRNAs, triggering targeted cleavage of transcripts in vitro , according to a paper published last month. (genomeweb.com)
Indeed, FANTOM5's survey of 95 percent of protein-coding genes found near universal coverage by promoters, based on the first few bases of RNA transcripts. (evolutionnews.org)
FANTOM5 extends the third and fourth FANTOM atlases by including 4,721 human and 5,127 mouse genes, focusing on primary cells, cell lines and tissues, but that's not all: "The atlas also detected signals from the promoters of short RNA primary transcripts, and long non-coding RNAs . (evolutionnews.org)

High-resolution structures are known for almost all of the proteins of mammalian reovirus (MRV), which is the best-studied genotype. (wikipedia.org)
Reovirus particles are composed of an inner protein shell (ie, core) of a diameter of 60 nm, which is surrounded by an outer protein shell (ie, outer capsid) that measures 81 nm in diameter. (medscape.com)

The study began with the generation of recombinant (r)SA11 rotaviruses, into which segment 7 modified RNAs were introduced. (news-medical.net)
In group A rotaviruses, the segment 7 of the genome encodes NSP3, which is a translation enhancer of viral positive-sense RNAs, expressed moderately in cells following infection. (news-medical.net)

Here, we performed a comparative genomics study of RNA sensor genes in three species of pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
Genes transcribe single strands of RNA that in turn are "read" by ribosomes to produce proteins. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, M.D., professor in M. D. Anderson's Department of Experimental Therapeutics, and colleagues are building an arsenal of siRNAs capable of silencing genes that produce cancer-promoting proteins. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
THA8L resembles THA8 (thylakoid assembly 8), a protein that is required for the splicing of specific group II introns of genes involved in biogenesis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (rcsb.org)
The DNA that makes up genes contains the instructions to synthesise proteins, but it's wrong to think that, for a given gene, these instructions are always the same for all parts of the organisms . (evolutionnews.org)
A similar expansion of genes encoding an antagonist of a host innate immune protein has been observed in the genome of vaccinia virus (discussed on TWiV #198 ). (virology.ws)
DURHAM, NC - Duke University researchers have developed an RNA-based editing tool that targets individual cells, rather than genes. (duke.edu)
Its affinity for Z-DNA may help it find genes that are producing the messenger RNA which it "edits. (mit.edu)
Hence, the Z-DNA binding domain on this enzyme may facilitate its finding genes that are actively transcribing and producing messenger RNA. (mit.edu)
One of the ribose's key functions is that it acts as the base for the genetic tool that makes proteins out of genes. (databasefootball.com)
These genes are components of a signaling pathway that suppresses inflammation in double-stranded RNA-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes. (cdc.gov)

siRNAs are short, double-stranded bits of RNA capable of halting that process. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
To Noland, such parameters could prove useful in the creation of effective siRNAs for research and therapeutic applications, offering guidelines to "systematically test the efficacies of different RNAs with different modifications, and how that relates to the overall silencing efficacy and strand selection. (genomeweb.com)

Structure-guided mutagenesis reveals key RNA contact residues that are critical for RocC/RocR to repress the uptake of environmental DNA in L. pneumophila . (nature.com)
Structural analysis revealed that THA8L contains two extensive patches of positively charged residues next to the residues that are proposed to comprise the RNA-binding codes. (rcsb.org)
On the basis of these data, we constructed a model of THA8L-RNA binding that is dependent on two forces: one is the interaction between nucleotide bases and specific amino acids in the PPR motifs (codes), and the other is the interaction between the negatively charged RNA backbone and positively charged residues of PPR motifs. (rcsb.org)
RNA cleavage is promoted by one to three histidine residues that are located in CAS I and II. (frontiersin.org)

Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)

However, ribosome-associated pPKR protein levels from virus infected tissues decreased approximately 4-fold relative to levels in extracts from mock inoculated tissues. (elsevierpure.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
The ADAR gene mutations that cause dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria result in less functional ADAR1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Effects of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome mutations predicted from ADAR-RNA structures. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in these two positively charged patches greatly reduced THA8L RNA-binding activity. (rcsb.org)

This changes the information carried by the RNA from the nucleus of the cell to the cellular machinery. (mit.edu)

This protein is involved in making changes to (editing) ribonucleic acid (RNA), a chemical cousin of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Briefly put, both DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) carry genetic information of all life forms guiding their biological functions. (aboutdarwin.com)
This is why RNA is called Ribonucleic Acid. (databasefootball.com)

Specifically, it attaches (binds) to RNA and changes an RNA building block (nucleotide) called adenosine to another nucleotide called inosine. (medlineplus.gov)
Research Scientists Alan G. Herbert and Ky Lowenhaupt and postdoctoral fellow Jeffrey R. Spitzner with Professor Rich have identified a protein that binds tightly to Z-DNA. (mit.edu)

Earlier, this was shown to be susceptible to modification using reverse genetics, whereby two separate proteins could be expressed by this open reading frame (ORF). (news-medical.net)

The rotavirus genome comprises 11 double-stranded RNA segments, with a total size of about 19 kb. (news-medical.net)
Both orthoreoviruses and orbiviruses contain 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. (medscape.com)
The genome consists of double-stranded RNA in 10-12 discrete segments, with a total genome size of 16-27 kilobase pair (kbp), depending on the genus. (medscape.com)
The core is composed of 3 major (ie, lambda-1, lambda-2, sigma-2) and several minor proteins that surround 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. (medscape.com)
The messenger RNA which is produced must fold back on itself to make a double-stranded segment for editing to occur, but it is well known that messenger RNA is spliced so that some segments are eliminated. (mit.edu)
The genome consists of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. (medscape.com)

However, this is true only in certain cases, and Dicer and trans-activation response RNA-binding protein - TRBP - or protein activator of PKR - PACT - are often "essential" for achieving maximal levels of strand selection, the report, appearing in RNA , notes. (genomeweb.com)
In a 2011 paper , he and his colleagues in the lab of UC Berkeley researcher Jennifer Doudna examined Dicer and TRBP and PACT, its double-stranded RNA-binding protein partners, to see if they sense the thermodynamics of duplex RNAs in human cells the same way they do in flies. (genomeweb.com)
Furthermore, even when Ago2 alone is capable of robust strand selection, Dicer and TRBP or PACT, in some cases, enhance that selection, as is the case with the miRNAs tested here," they added. (genomeweb.com)
Overall, the findings "indicate the presence of a hierarchy of parameters that dictate the necessity of human Dicer and its associated dsRBPs for strand-selection enhancement that considers thermodynamic, 5' nucleotide, and other structural contributions," the study's authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)

However, CPV proteins have insertional domains and unique structures that contribute to their extensive intermolecular interactions. (wikipedia.org)
starting about this time we showed in the CASP blind tests that with the rosetta low resolution structure prediction method rough models could be built for small proteins that in some cases were reasonably similar in topology to the true structure, but the predicted structures were never accurate at the atomic level. (bakerlab.org)

The main biological roles of these ribonucleases are cleaving or degrading RNA substrates. (frontiersin.org)

The ADAR gene provides instructions for making a protein called RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1). (medlineplus.gov)
This new RNA mashup triggers the enzyme ADAR to inspect the new creation and then change a single nucleotide of its code. (duke.edu)
The ADAR enzyme is a cell-defense mechanism designed to edit double-strand RNA when it occurs, and is believed to be found in all animal cells. (duke.edu)
Knowing this, Qian designed CellREADR's stop sign using the same specific nucleotide ADAR edits in double-stranded RNA. (duke.edu)
Once ADAR removes the stop sign, the blueprints can be read by cellular machinery that builds the new protein inside the target cell. (duke.edu)

Together, these results further our understanding of the mechanism of PPR protein-RNA interactions. (rcsb.org)

The expression of NSP3 along with one or more fluorescent tags allows the expression of a foreign protein, while NSP3 remains a functional, stable dimerizing product. (news-medical.net)
In addition to the applications listed above we expect the protein to work for functional studies as well. (antikoerper-online.de)
As the protein has not been tested for functional studies yet we cannot offer a guarantee though. (antikoerper-online.de)

The receptor of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is conserved in pangolins ( 18 ) and coronaviruses isolated from pangolins have a receptor binding domain in their spike protein that is uniquely similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 ( 10 , 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
The star enzyme that plays a critical role in synthesizing new DNA strands by following the older DNA as a template. (aboutdarwin.com)
One of the major sources for this energy comes from the movement of the enzyme that makes a copy of the genetic message which is then used in synthesizing proteins. (mit.edu)
The activity of this editing enzyme causes a change in the amino acids found in a protein. (mit.edu)
The enzyme acts only on double-stranded RNA. (mit.edu)

In addition, the ADAR1 protein controls the function of certain chemical messengers called neurotransmitters at particular sites in the body by modifying the RNA blueprint for receptor proteins that interact with the neurotransmitters. (medlineplus.gov)
In the case of the glutamate receptor," Professor Rich said in his commentary, "other researchers have shown that part of the folded-back RNA segment comes from a piece that is eventually spliced out, so that it is no longer used in producing protein. (mit.edu)

Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

PARP-1 is the best-characterized member of the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyl transferases (ARTDs) family of proteins. (nature.com)

Oxidant damage to cellular DNA, proteins (including the epigenome), and lipids can occur when reactive oxygen species escape cell antioxidant and repair mechanisms. (who.int)

Another plasmid-encoded ProQ/FinO family member, FopA, has also been shown to interact with a single antisense RNA 11 . (nature.com)

We show that the two Rdn proteins are uridine-specific polymerases of separate RDRCs. (nih.gov)

Rotavirus is a double-stranded RNA virus of the family Reoviridae. (cdc.gov)
Up to two-thirds of children with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis show the presence of rotavirus antigen in serum (antigenemia) and children can have rotavirus RNA detected in serum. (cdc.gov)
The recombinant rotavirus containing a cassette of foreign genetic material encoding the NSP3 ORF, a translational element responsible for translating this inserted gene, and the gene encoding the spike protein . (news-medical.net)

Although, the number of omic techniques is ever expanding, the most developed omics technologies are high throughput DNA sequencing, transcriptomics (focused on gene expression), epigenomics (focused on epigenetic regulation of gene expression), proteomics (focused on large sets of proteins, the proteome) and metabolomics (focused on large sets of metabolites, the metabolome). (who.int)

This is the first CRISPR protein that has been found to degrade such a wide range of genetic material. (sciencedaily.com)
The protein, double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, has long been recognized as an "editor" of the genetic message. (mit.edu)

In the unlikely event that the protein cannot be expressed or purified we do not charge anything (other companies might charge you for any performed steps in the expression process for custom-made proteins, e.g. fees might apply for the expression plasmid, the first expression experiments or purification optimization). (antikoerper-online.de)
In a first purification step, the protein is purified from the cleared cell lysate using three different His-tag capture materials: high yield, EDTA resistant, or DTT resistant. (antikoerper-online.de)
Protein containing fractions of the best purification are subjected to second purification step through size exclusion chromatography. (antikoerper-online.de)

DNA is famous for its "double helix" structure, two intertwining strands with complementary bases. (databasefootball.com)

Distinct RDRCs assemble to contain Rdr1 and subsets of the total of four tightly Rdr1-associated proteins. (nih.gov)
Cas12a2 basically grabs the two ends of the DNA double helix and bends it really tightly," said Jack Bravo, a postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin and co-first author on the paper. (sciencedaily.com)

The overall folds of CPV proteins are similar to those of other reoviruses. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes45

Information Science3

Health Care2

DsRNA21

Single-stranded15

MRNA14

Polymerase5

Transcription8

Molecules7

Viruses13

Nucleotides3

Sequences9

Endogenous2

Synthesis9

RNAI7

Kinase5

Intracellular2

Sequence9

Interferon-induced1

Molecule3

Interference1

Replication3

Transcripts3

Reovirus2

Rotaviruses2

Genes11

SiRNAs2

Residues4

Structural proteins1

Ribosome1

Mutations4

Nucleus1

Ribonucleic3

Binds2

Genetics1

Segments6

Dicer4

Structures2

Substrates1

Adar5

Interactions1

Functional3

Enzyme5

Receptor2

Viral proteins1

Family of proteins1

Cellular1

Antisense1

Polymerases1

Rotavirus3

Gene expression1

Genetic2

Purification3

Complementary1

Tightly2

Reoviruses1