Protein protein interactions in signal transduction pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

DOK5 enhances c-Ret-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (wikipathways.org)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

Intracellular signaling pathways that involve protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are critical for the control of most cellular processes. (chemdiv.com)
We studied this interaction by replacing natural residues in the intracellular loop 3 of Ste2p and C-terminal end of Gpa1p with cysteine and then determining disulfide crosslinking between Ste2p and Gpa1p. (tennessee.edu)
We are interested in understanding the biochemistry, physiology, and molecular biology of nuclear hormone (estrogen, progesterone) receptors, intracellular proteins that mediate the biological actions of these hormones in target cells, and the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate gene expression and the growth and functioning of target cells, especially cells of the reproductive system and mammary gland, and of tumors that develop in these tissues. (illinois.edu)
GIST: A Gibbs sampler to identify intracellular signal transduction pathways. (leibniz-fli.de)
Existing chemical and optogenetic methods for post-translationally controlling intracellular protein function have provided valuable insight into natural biological processes and facilitated the engineering of synthetic cellular functions but are mainly limited to single-input/single-output, digital control schemes. (tjbrunette.org)

To identify and validate signal transduction pathways and molecular targets that are disregulated in cancer cells. (moffitt.org)
The faculty members identify and validate aberrant pathways in cancer cells using several approaches, including traditional cellular and molecular biology as well as systemic biology, proteomics and genomics. (moffitt.org)
Recent advances in understanding the molecular events underlying hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) caused by mutations of the genes encoding proteins of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway have been presented. (springer.com)
The modulation of several cellular transduction pathways by curcumin has recently been extended to elucidate the molecular basis for obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. (greenmedinfo.com)
We constantly try to identify new proteins that are involved in plant immunity, and use molecular techniques to understand their interaction partners and how they work together. (edu.au)
You will use molecular and genetic techniques to characterise the interaction, and show that it is important during infection. (edu.au)
You will split the protein into fragments using molecular techniques, and re-constitute the enzyme to restore its activity. (edu.au)
The mission of the Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions (PCHPI) is to understand HIV maturation and the early cellular events of HIV infection by characterizing HIV-host cell protein interactions/complexes at a high-resolution, molecular level. (pitt.edu)
Methods of biochemistry and molecular genetics are widely employed to analyse protein interactions and dissect signalling pathways - however, these approaches yield little information with regard to relevant structural aspects. (salamanderthemes.net)
The allosteric interactions and regulation of molecular chaperones and protein kinases allow for molecular communication and event coupling in signal transduction networks. (utoronto.ca)
The overarching goal of understanding molecular principles underlying differentiation of protein kinase clients and chaperone-based modulation of kinase activity is fundamental to understanding activity of many tumor-inducing signaling proteins. (utoronto.ca)
Biophysical modeling of allosteric regulation in the protein kinases has offered additional insights into organizing principles of kinase activation by molecular chaperones that may be orchestrated by a cross-talk between key regulatory regions. (utoronto.ca)
Integration of computational systems biology and machine learning analysis of the Hsp90 interactions with oncogenic kinase mutants is then used to construct models of allosteric regulation of oncogenic proteins by molecular chaperones in signaling cascades. (utoronto.ca)
Based on these findings, we developed a computational synthetic biology framework for design and re-engineering signal transduction networks and pathways that involve cross-talk between molecular chaperones and protein kinase clients. (utoronto.ca)
Network-defined modularity of interacting components and cross-talk in signal transduction networks are quantified through molecular mechanism of allosteric regulation. (utoronto.ca)
Our study offers a systems-based perspective on drug design and re-engineering of signaling networks by unravelling relationships between protein kinase networks with molecular chaperones and binding specificity of targeted kinase drugs. (utoronto.ca)
These reductionist approaches are intrinsically unable to fully capture the overall complexity of molecular interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, knocking out one target molecule in a biochemical pathway may not be enough to treat a disease such as cancer, because tumor cells often find alternative molecular routes to escape the drug-induced blockage. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Huang's lab has been focusing on the discovery of the bioactive constituents in Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Drugs, and the further investigation of their molecular mechanisms and protein targets. (cemtdd.com)
The KLSBDDD integrates the core technology platform of several subjects including the pharmaceutical chemistry, natural medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical plant cultivation, analytical chemistry, cellular and molecular biology and pharmacology, and primarily aims at designing and discovering novel small molecule drugs, according to the protein targets crucially involved in the human major diseases. (cemtdd.com)
Protein-protein interactions chains referred to as signal transduction pathways are the processes by which a chemical or physical signal transmits through a cell as series of molecular events so the pathogen simply needs to intercept these molecular pathways at few positions to induce pathogenesis such as pathogen viability, infection or hypersensitivity. (uadec.mx)
One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)
The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)

1] J. Schlessinger and M. A. Lemmon, "SH2 and PTB domains in tyrosine kinase signaling. (chemdiv.com)
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
Design of novel ligands of CDP-methylerythritol kinase by mimicking direct protein-protein and solvent-mediated interactions. (leibniz-fli.de)
Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
How a particular protein kinase recognises its substrate protein(s) is therefore a key question. (biomedcentral.com)
Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
In this system, cell-surface receptor proteins regulate a histidine protein kinase, CheA, that autophosphorylates and then transfers its phosphate to an effector protein, CheY. (umd.edu)
This is the first evidence of cooperativity in the histidine protein kinase superfamily. (umd.edu)
This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily of the protein-tyrosine kinase family. (creativebiomart.net)
The synergistic roles of the Hsp90-Cdc37 chaperone machinery and protein kinases in biology and disease have stimulated extensive structural and functional studies of regulatory mechanisms underlying the Hsp90-kinase interactions. (utoronto.ca)
Allosteric interactions of the Hsp90 with cochaperones and protein kinase clients can determine regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of many signaling proteins and cascades. (utoronto.ca)
Network modelling and percolation analysis approaches were used to emulate thermal unfolding and characterize conformational landscapes of a wide range of protein kinases, revealing that chaperone dependency of protein kinase clients may be linked with the elevated conformational mobility of their inactive states induced by dynamic and energetic polarization of kinase lobes. (utoronto.ca)
The increasingly growing fraction of cancer driver mutations emerging from sequencing studies of protein kinase genes appeared to be inactivating or kinase-dead leading to the loss of function. (utoronto.ca)
Our studies have revealed how constitutively activating and kinase-dead mutations could play context-dependent opposing roles in cancer and may be simultaneously present in a variety of oncogenic kinases that are regulated by their interactions with the Hsp90 chaperone. (utoronto.ca)

DAVID pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of cellular pathways involved in cytoskeletal and cilia processes among the set of common genes (142 genes) perturbed by both diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. (nature.com)
Novel data were reviewed and discussed on the structure and functions of the components of TNFα-related signaling pathway, the consequences of mutations of the genes encoding these proteins, and the prospect for further investigations, which might elucidate the origin of HED. (springer.com)
HED embraces a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases and is due to mutations of several genes that encode components of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-related signaling pathway (Cluzeau et al. (springer.com)
With the exception of EDA1 and NEMO , both localized on the X chromosome, all other genes encoding components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway involved in differentiation of skin appendages, are localized on the autosomes (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
The purpose of this report is to review current literature on the structure and function of components of the TNFα-related signaling pathway, to present a novel approach to their contribution in the differentiation of skin appendages and to discuss the role of mutations of genes encoding components of this pathway in the origin of HED. (springer.com)
Mutations of these genes are responsible for systemic tooth agenesis, in addition to the defects of other ectodermal structures, and this review is limited to description of the function of their protein products. (springer.com)
This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response of M. hupehensis . (researchsquare.com)
RAS genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: signal transduction in search of a pathway. (wikidata.org)
Proteins whose genes are observed to be correlated in expression, across a large number of experiments. (string-db.org)
Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes were made from DNA, which was transcribed into RNA, which was then translated in the cytoplasm (in ribosomes) into proteins (i.e. the gene products). (genewhisperer.com)
In the attached article, authors present BioPlex 2.0 (Biophysical Interactions of ORFeome-derived complexes) -- which uses robust affinity purification-mass spectrometry methodology to elucidate protein-interaction networks and co-complexes nucleated by more than 25% of protein-coding genes from the human genome. (genewhisperer.com)
Metabolism can be studied on the levels of genes, proteins (enzymes), and metabolites. (lu.se)

The brain contains both the AT1 and AT2 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes which are well-characterized guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (nova.edu)
Like other GPCRs, novel signal transduction pathways and protein interactions are being described for Ang II receptors. (nova.edu)
We are doing genome-wide analyses of receptor and other transcription factor cistromes (chromatin binding sites by ChIP-Seq) and transcriptomes (gene expression, miRNAs, other RNAs by RNA-Seq) and are examining the bidirectional cross-talk between nuclear hormone receptors and cell signaling pathways. (illinois.edu)
Our studies involve detailed biochemical and structure-function analyses of the receptors (and of mutant receptor forms) and coregulators and their gene interactions, and examination of their biological activities in normal and cancer, in particular breast cancer, cells and tumors. (illinois.edu)
The sorts of proteins we are interested are pathogen receptors, components of signal transduction pathways that elaborate the immune response, and pathogen virulence molecules called effectors that seek to destroy immunity. (edu.au)
It is a fascinating area because the pathogens always seek to evolve new proteins to overcome host immunity, and the plants must change their receptors and use innovative mechanisms to trap the pathogens. (edu.au)
This will entail analysis of the subcellular distribution of a protein that is a potential constituent of rafts and might be involved in the signalling process of several cell surface receptors. (salamanderthemes.net)

On B cells, signaling through CD40 induces cell growth and differentiation, mediates cell survival within the germinal center, and upregulates the expression of costimulatory and adhesion molecules, such as B7.1, B7.2, and ICAM-1. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis, or type I programmed cell death, plyas pivotal role in controlling cell number and proliferation as a part of normal development through a complex network of molecules that mediate death and survival signals. (zhounan.org)
These quick chains of amino acids are usually not only essential components of proteins but also function signaling molecules, hormones, and more. (changelifeorganization.org)
In recent years, the concept of differential cellular signalling through recruitment of signal transduction molecules into specialised plasma membrane microdomains, so-called rafts, as well as the role of these rafts in the trafficking of cellular organelles has received much attention. (salamanderthemes.net)
Protein-protein interactions represent a major potential drug target for many human diseases, but these are unanimously considered undruggable with small chemical molecules. (sns.it)

Both domains were initially identified as modules that recognize phosphorylated tyrosines in receptor tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins. (chemdiv.com)
Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)
Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (embl.de)
HPts function in histidine-aspartate phosphorelays in which they mediate the signal from sensory kinases (usually membrane proteins) to RRs in the nucleus. (rcsb.org)
We have previously described an approach to predicting the substrate specificity of serine-threonine protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
The new features significantly enhance the ability of Predikin to analyse protein kinases and their substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Defects in these networks result in a variety of disease states making protein kinases important targets for drug design [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)
We report the results of integrative systems biology studies of the Hsp90 chaperone and protein kinases with an atomic level analysis of the communication pathways regulating conformational equilibrium of theses protein systems in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
Among our primary findings is the emerging evidence that a small number of functional motifs may be utilized by the chaperone and protein kinases to act collectively as central regulators of the intermolecular communications, ATP hydrolysis, and protein client binding in signaling networks. (utoronto.ca)
By showcasing a family of cyclin-dependent (CDK) kinases that display a broad repertoire of chaperone dependencies, we discovered that unique functional dynamics signatures and chaperone addiction of CDK4 and CDK7 client proteins can explain divergences in their regulatory mechanisms that require a confluence of events, including formation of the inhibitory ternary complex, substrate recruitment and activation loop phosphorylation. (utoronto.ca)

In this regard, comprehensive studies of the impact of amino acid variation on protein PTMs will be helpful for further understanding of how genetic polymorphisms are involved in regulating biological and pathological processes and providing instructive information for drug development of various related diseases. (deepdyve.com)
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and signal transduction pathways are essential for apoptosis processes. (zhounan.org)
The investigation of signal transduction pathways is critical to the basic understanding of cellular processes as these pathways function to regulate diverse processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (umd.edu)
In the present course module, students will acquire theoretical knowledge of structural and functional concepts underlying cellular signalling processes and structural techniques used to study them. (salamanderthemes.net)

Subsequent studies have shown that, while binding of SH2 domains to their target proteins is strictly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, most PTB domains actually bind to their (nonphosphorylated) targets constitutively. (chemdiv.com)
Prevention of Cardiac Hypertrophy with Omega 3-Fatty Acids: Potential Cell Signaling Targets. (eurekaselect.com)
Although many druggable targets have been identified, it has largely been impossible to target protein-protein interactions (PPI) in drug development. (shu.edu)
You will use a new interaction method to find host immune targets of a bacterial effector protein, and use mass spectrometry to identify the targets. (edu.au)
Moreover, she investigated the underlying signal transduction pathway and the compound-protein interaction targets (HO-1, PARP and SIRT3 etc), and found that programmed cell death including apoptosis and autophagy played important roles in the development and clinical therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, which might lay a solid foundation for the innovative drug research. (cemtdd.com)
Ultimately, we seek to help patients in the clinic by identifying new drug targets, pathways, and therapeutic approaches. (lu.se)

Thus, CD40 interacts with a variety of signal transducers which mediate its role in B cell survival, growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. (bdbiosciences.com)
SH2 (Src homology region 2) and PTB (phosphotyrosine-binding) domains are small protein modules that mediate protein-protein interactions involved in many signal transduction pathways. (chemdiv.com)

Bacterial protein complexes investigation using blue native PAGE. (leibniz-fli.de)
Coordination is achieved, in part, through networks of protein-protein interactions that assemble functionally related proteins into complexes, organelles, and signal transduction pathways. (genewhisperer.com)

The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Pure T-cell deficiencies are caused by defects in either a CD3 subunit (such as CD3 δ, CD3 ζ, CD3 ε ) or in CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, key proteins involved in pre-TCR and/or TCR signaling at the positive selection stage. (medscape.com)

The downstream signal transduction toward Eda-A1 involves the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Clevers 2006 ) and requires lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef-1) for activation of the Ed1 ( Ta ) expression (Durmowicz et al. (springer.com)
Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. (prosci-inc.com)
Both bacteria and archaea use chemosensory arrays and downstream signal transduction pathways to receive and process external stimuli. (esrf.fr)

The functions of SH2 and PTB domains include targeting of their host proteins to different cellular compartments, assembly of key components of signaling pathways in response to extracellular signals, and the control of autoinhibition, activation and dimerization of their host proteins. (chemdiv.com)
Signal transduction pathways are complex networks based on protein interactions that determine the propagation of extracellular inputs through the cytoplasm driving the timing of cellular survival, apoptosis and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

7] analyzed amino acid variations of 15 different PTMs and indicated that about 4.5% of amino acid variations may affect protein function through disruption of PTMs, and the mutation of 238 PTMs sites in human proteins was causative of disease. (deepdyve.com)
For instance, the SwissVariant database (http://swissvar.expasy.org/) contained 76 613 variants in 20 244 human proteins on 10 January 2018. (deepdyve.com)
Reviewed human proteins come from UniProtKB. (zhounan.org)

This provides a clear-cut demonstration that interfering with a protein interaction can be functionally very different from physically removing one of the interacting proteins. (sns.it)
In paper №2, I describe how mesDA neurons transplanted in the adult SN of a PD mouse model, extended axons across millimetres into the striatum, functionally reforming the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)

Dysfunctions in PTKs, or in the signaling pathways that they regulate, resulting in a variety of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, immune deficiency, and many others. (chemdiv.com)
This sequence of biochemical events establishes a chain of communication that ultimately allows the chemotaxis receptor proteins to regulate the swimming pattern of the bacterial cell when it encounters gradients of attractant and repellent chemicals in its environment. (umd.edu)

Combining these new datasets with existing published gene expression and protein expression data have identified selected panels of novel biomarkers which have been evaluated on over 100 cervical cancer and pre-cancer cases using standard immunohistochemistry approaches. (europa.eu)
Structural approaches are becoming increasingly important for our understanding of cell biology, as the functioning of gene products needs to be analysed in the context of the complex organisation of cells and cannot be understood by studying proteins in isolation alone. (salamanderthemes.net)
Traditional approaches to the study of biological phenomena consider single events, such as single mutations, single gene or protein alterations, and their corresponding effects on the biological phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
3-SPLINT will therefore complement RNAi-based approaches, in the toolkit of target validation strategies, and is amenable to the systematic isolation of comprehensive sets of antibodies against most protein-protein interactions of a given protein network. (sns.it)
The purpose of an Interaction Profile is to evaluate data on the toxicology of the "whole" priority mixture (if available) and on the joint toxic action of the chemicals in the mixture in order to recommend approaches for the exposure-based assessment of the potential hazard to public health. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we consider some of the theoretical aspects of protein haptenation, how mechanisms of protein haptenation can be investigated experimentally and how we can use such knowledge in the development of novel, alternative approaches for predicting skin sensitization potential in the future. (cdc.gov)

posttranslational modifications, amino acid variations, computational mutation analysis, protein PTM predictor, network biology Introduction Protein PTMs are biochemical alterations of amino acids that change the physicochemical properties of target proteins, leading to structural changes and therefore regulating protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction in developmental and cancer pathways [1]. (deepdyve.com)
This dissertation focuses on understanding some of the biochemical events that take place in the chemotaxis signal transduction pathway of bacteria. (umd.edu)

The information we gathered here allows us to understand more about the physical interactions of alpha-factor, Ste2p, and Gpa1p and provides us insights about the initiation and activation of the signal transduction pathway of a peptide ligand receptor. (tennessee.edu)
We start by docking the peptide onto a curated scaffold library generated from chopped up repeat protein junctions that range from 80-121aa. (tjbrunette.org)
Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)

Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)
Future challenges in host-microbe interactions will be to decipher the mechanisms by which the type III secretion system required for colonization of bovine and human intestines becomes fully functional and how the bacterial effector proteins injected into the host cell and the regulation of their expression manipulate host signal transduction pathways. (cdc.gov)

Benchmarking of the 2010 BioCreative Challenge III text-mining competition by the BioGRID and MINT interaction databases. (leibniz-fli.de)

The scheme details the full GRN for one cell and part of a neighboring cell for those reactions that involve ligand-receptor interactions like in Delta-Notch signaling or input from the Fgf8 or Wnt3a signal transduction pathways. (wikipathways.org)
These mechanisms involve communication between the pathogen and the host cell through protein-protein interactions. (uadec.mx)

We have used the pheromone alpha-factor receptor (Ste2p) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to understand ligand binding, receptor activation, and G protein interaction. (tennessee.edu)
Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (embl.de)

Consequently, amino acid variations through changing the type of residues of the target sites or key flanking residues could directly or indirectly influence PTM of protein and bring about a detrimental effect on protein function. (deepdyve.com)
The coiled-coil structure of the bundle is stabilized by a network of S-aromatic interactions involving highly conserved sulfur-containing residues. (rcsb.org)

This proposal tests the paradigm-shifting hypothesis that mitochondrial-derived proteins (MPDs) play a previously unappreciated role in the regulation of cellular and organismal function, and that disregulation of MDPs is important in disease development. (nih.gov)
PrP messenger RNA contains a pseudoknot structure ( prion pseudoknot ), which is thought to be involved in regulation of PrP protein translation . (wikidoc.org)
Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)

The chemotaxis system in prokaryotes is composed of membrane-embedded receptor proteins that, upon signal reception, trigger a cascade resulting in the phosphorylation of a protein termed CheY. (esrf.fr)
The phosphorylation of CheY leads to small conformational changes within the protein that increase its affinity towards a switch complex on the cytoplasmic face of the flagellum. (esrf.fr)
Right: Close-up of the interaction interface between CheF and CheY-P showing that the C-terminus of CheF reaches into the phosphorylation site at CheY. (esrf.fr)

The signal transduction pathway of the receptor starts from sensing outside signal and then activates G proteins. (tennessee.edu)
Curcumin interacts with specific proteins in adipocytes, pancreatic cells, hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and muscle cells, where it suppresses several cellular proteins such as transcription factor NF-kB, STAT-3, Wnt/β-catenin and activates PPAR-γ, Nrf2 cell signaling pathway. (greenmedinfo.com)

This proposal presents an innovative approach for screening and selecting a new class of highly stable protein capture reagents and developing a new versatile approach for ligand immobilization that together enable rapid production of cyclotide-based microarrays for proteomics research. (nih.gov)
The mechanism for conformational conversion to the scrapie isoform is speculated to be an elusive ligand -protein, but, so far, no such compound has been identified. (wikidoc.org)
ED1 , encoding a ligand-ectodysplasinA-A1 (EDA-A1), EDAR , coding for ectodysplasinA-A1 receptor, EDARADD , programming the structure of EDAR-associated death domain protein and NEMO whose protein product, NFκB essential modulator (NEMO), is necessary for an indirect activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). (springer.com)
After ligand binding, signal transduction is mediated by the interaction of activated Ste2p with its G protein (Gpa1p). (tennessee.edu)

Each GPCR has seven transmembrane domains and is in charge of sensing changes from the environment, transducing signals, and activating a series of biological responses. (tennessee.edu)
Proteins interact with each other specifically and selectively to achieve their biological functions. (zhounan.org)
Considering the role of airway epithelium as a barrier and its role in pulmonary functioning, the results of the present study suggest that interaction of SWCNT with airway cells may cause adverse biological responses that may initiate respiratory diseases. (cdc.gov)

Most PTMs are catalyzed by highly specific protein modifying enzymes, which have some specific recognition motif. (deepdyve.com)

We performed global miRNA and mRNA expression profiling via next-generation sequencing of liver tissues from MSC-treated ACLF mice to identify important signaling pathways and major factors implicated in ACLF alleviation by MSCs. (bvsalud.org)
Color-coded circular areas for each gene symbolize mRNA and protein. (wikipathways.org)
For fast changing gene products the transport of mRNA or protein between cytoplasm and nucleus or between cytoplasm and membrane is explicitly simulated, which is indicated by dividing each half-area of the circle again. (wikipathways.org)
Then people realized that transcribed RNA includes both exons and "intervening sequences" (now termed 'introns') and, after splicing out the introns, the open reading frames (ORFs) of (exonic) messenger-RNA (mRNA), are translated into proteins. (genewhisperer.com)
one mRNA could lead to dozens of different proteins, and posttranslational modifications also result in innumerable different end-products. (genewhisperer.com)

Docking protein 5 (DOK5) is a member of the docking protein group of membrane proteins and is an adapter protein involved in signal transduction. (hindawi.com)

Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see IPR001401 ), Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see IPR001752 ), spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. (embl.de)

Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)

Histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts) take part in hormone signal transduction in higher plants. (rcsb.org)

Researchers have also proposed roles for PrP in cell signaling or in the formation of synapses . (wikidoc.org)
A cell-based protein-protein interaction method using a permuted luciferase reporter. (leibniz-fli.de)
We show that this unique single receiver protein architecture allows diverse behaviors to be obtained, including graded and proportional, dual-output control of transcription and mammalian cell signaling. (tjbrunette.org)
The physiology of a cell can be viewed as the product of thousands of proteins acting in concert to shape the cellular response. (genewhisperer.com)
Combining X-ray crystallography data from beamline ID30B and biochemistry with cell biology reveals how the conserved signal transduction machinery in bacteria and archaea is coupled to the archaeal rotary motor termed the archaellum. (esrf.fr)
These signals are transmitted to a rotary motor that propels the cell forward but can also switch rotational direction leading to a tumbling behaviour and reorientation of the cell [1,2] . (esrf.fr)
While it is known the IGFBP2 is involved in promoting GBM tumor cell invasion, no mechanism exists for how the protein is involved in signal transduction pathways leading to enhanced cell invasion. (tmc.edu)
We follow up on preliminary microarray data on IGFBP2-overexpressing GBM cells and protein sequence analysis of IGFBP2 in generating the hypothesis that IGFBP2 interacts with integnn α5 in regulating cell mobility. (tmc.edu)
Disruption of this interaction resulted in attenuation of IGFBP2-enhanced cell mobility. (tmc.edu)

To accelerate research in this field, new protein capture tools for the detection and identification of specific proteins are needed. (nih.gov)

This report represents the first description of combined label-free quantitative proteomics and PRM analysis of targeted proteins for discovery of different proteins before and after IVR treatment in the same patient. (frontiersin.org)

The last twenty years has been an unprecedented time in biology - in sequencing the genome and studying the functions of proteins, as well as in unraveling signal transduction pathways, the fundamental biology of normal and diseased cells has been elucidated to a great extent. (shu.edu)
This landmark paper shows that BioPlex 2.0 exceeds previous experimentally-derived interaction-networks in depth and breadth, and will be a valuable resource -- for exploring biology of incompletely characterized proteins, and for elucidating larger-scale patterns of proteome organization. (genewhisperer.com)
We have applied the proposed framework to the EGFR-IGF1R signal transduction network, a crucial pathway in lung cancer, as an example of Cancer Systems Biology application in drug discovery. (biomedcentral.com)
The key main of systems biology is to take into account all the interactions within a given network, as emphasized by the system notion [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Through the Systems Biology approach, for example, it could be possible to improve our understanding of the complex signalling networks involved in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Both methods yield antibody in solution that is free of most other soluble proteins, lipids, etc. (bdbiosciences.com)
RNA, lipids, and proteins. (who.int)

While this binding site has similarities to a previously described soluble angiotensin-binding protein found in liver that is unmasked by PCMB, it has many different characteristics. (nova.edu)
Here, we report the computational design of protein pores formed by two concentric rings of ɑ-helices that are stable and mono-disperse in both water-soluble and membrane protein forms. (tjbrunette.org)

PRNP ( PR io N P rotein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (for pr ion p rotein), also known as CD230 ( cluster of differentiation 230). (wikidoc.org)
This gene encodes a protein that binds ephrin-A ligands. (creativebiomart.net)
Broken lines indicate that the interaction is simulated only in an even more course-grained manner than the other gene regulatory reactions. (wikipathways.org)

The interactions of curcumin with several signal transduction pathways reverse insulinresistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and other inflammatory symptoms associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, by also understanding the interaction between organs and systems, we believe that we are more likely to identify the underlying mechanisms of metabolic changes. (lu.se)

This project aims to develop a revolutionary screening platform that will allow for the rapid isolation of hundreds of high affinity and specificity synthetic ligands for proteins in a highly parallel fashion. (nih.gov)
The aim of this module is to understand the effects of different preparative techniques on interpreting the structure of various organelles and to understand the relationship between organelles and the cytoskeleton with reference to the protein synthetic pathway, signal transduction and cellular locomotion. (salamanderthemes.net)

With more than 56,000 candidate interactions, BioPlex 2.0 contains more than 29,000 previously unknown co-associations and provides functional insights into hundreds of poorly characterized proteins -- while enhancing network-based analyses of domain associations, subcellular localization, and co-complex formation. (genewhisperer.com)

To increase the utilization of current computational resources, we 﫿rst provide an overview of computational prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein PTMs and their functional analysis. (deepdyve.com)
The 3-SPLINT approach provides a general and finer tool for the functional validation of selected protein interactions in protein networks, and is ideally applied to protein 'hubs', displaying multiple distinct interactions. (sns.it)

Discovery of lung cancer pathways using reverse phase protein microarray and prior-knowledge based bayesian networks. (leibniz-fli.de)

In contrast to the flagellum, where CheY-P directly binds to the switch complex at the cytoplasmic face, an adaptor protein termed CheF has been identified to be present in all motile archaea [5] . (esrf.fr)
Taken together, this study delivers the mechanistic basis of how CheY-P binds to the adaptor protein CheF and suggests a model of how rotational switching of the archaellum might be achieved. (esrf.fr)

Current projects are focused on CA and capsid interactions, proteins involved in trafficking and nuclear import, retroviral intasome structure, and analyses of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex. (pitt.edu)
We also examined the ability of SWCNT to induce the transactivation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB), transcription factors that are important members of signal transduction pathways. (cdc.gov)

11 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated, while consistent presence/absence expression profile group contains one elevated protein and nine reduced proteins, among which seven proteins were identified as potential biomarkers for IVR treatment through PRM assays. (frontiersin.org)

These proteins are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during development of the fetus and are indispensable for the differentiation of ectoderm-derived structures such as eccrine sweat glands, teeth, hair, skin, and/or nails. (springer.com)
The signaling via the TNFα-related pathway, which is critical for differentiation of skin appendages, has been elucidated mainly due to the investigations performed in mice (Mikkola 2009 ). (springer.com)

LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Bioinformatics analysis indicated the up-regulated proteins were significantly enriched in "GnRH secretion" and "Circadian rhythm" signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)

Proteomic analysis and prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein. (deepdyve.com)
However, it often requires extensive laboratory work and considerable expense to make thousands of variant proteins and select amino acid variations that influence PTM sites. (deepdyve.com)
Amino-acid sequence homology of a polymorphic cellular protein from human lymphocytes and the chaperonins from Escherichia coli (groEL) and chloroplasts (Rubisco-binding protein). (wikidata.org)

Tissue culture supernatant is purified by either protein A/G or affinity purification methods. (bdbiosciences.com)
By monitoring the fluorescence of TNP-ATP when it bound to CheA, I examined the affinity of the binding interaction and discovered that the two ATP binding sites of each CheA dimer exhibited negative cooperativity in their interactions with TNP-ATP. (umd.edu)

Studies on interaction of cucurbit aphid-borne yellow virus proteins using yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. (leibniz-fli.de)
A filter to identify which proteins will display on yeast. (tjbrunette.org)
The selection procedure exploits the recently described yeast SPLINT libraries of intrabodies, adapting them to a reverse-hybrid system, yielding the selection of recombinant antibodies that are able to disrupt a target protein-protein interaction in vivo. (sns.it)

A high-throughput solid-phase microplate protein-binding assay to investigate interactions between myofilament proteins. (leibniz-fli.de)

The development of better methods for mutation analysis-related protein PTMs will help to facilitate the development of personalized precision medicine. (deepdyve.com)

Substrate protein folds while it is bound to chaperone. (string-db.org)

The results of this final study indicated that CheY proteins labeled with the fluorophore Badan [6-bromoacetyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene] could be useful tools for investigating CheY biochemistry. (umd.edu)
This interaction of phosphorylated CheY (CheY-P) with the switch complex ultimately leads to a change in the rotational direction of the flagellum. (esrf.fr)
This structure made it possible to map and characterise the binding interface between CheF and CheY-P and advised the construction of a fusion protein of the CTD of CheF and CheY. (esrf.fr)

Anatomy21

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Mitogen-activa4

Intracellular5

Molecular23

Kinase21

Genes13

Receptors7

Molecules5

Kinases13

Processes4

Targets6

Mediate2

Complexes2

Tyrosine2

Downstream3

Extracellular2

Human proteins3

Functionally2

Regulate2

Approaches6

Biochemical2

Peptide3

Effector2

BioGRID and MINT1

Involve2

Saccharomyces2

Residues2

Regulation3

Phosphorylation3

Activates2

Ligand4

Biological3

Enzymes1

MRNA5

Membrane proteins1

Cytoskeletal1

Cellular compartments1

HPts1

Cell9

Specific proteins1

Different proteins1

Biology5

Lipids2

Soluble2

Gene3

Metabolic2

Synthetic2

Insights1

Functional2

Cancer1

Binds2

Nuclear2

Assays1

Differentiation2

Bioinformatics2

Amino acid3

Affinity2

Yeast3

Assay1

Mutation1

Substrate1

CheY3