• This gene encodes a member of a family of single pass transmembrane domain proteins that function as ancillary subunits to voltage-gated potassium channels. (nih.gov)
  • Based on sequence homology of the hydrophobic transmembrane cores, the alpha subunits of voltage-gated potassium channels are grouped into 12 classes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kvα5.x: Kv5.1 (KCNF1) Kvα6.x: Kv6.1 (KCNG1), Kv6.2 (KCNG2), Kv6.3 (KCNG3), Kv6.4 (KCNG4) Kvα8.x: Kv8.1 (KCNV1), Kv8.2 (KCNV2) Kvα9.x: Kv9.1 (KCNS1), Kv9.2 (KCNS2), Kv9.3 (KCNS3) Beta subunits are auxiliary proteins that associate with alpha subunits, sometimes in a α4β4 stoichiometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • These subunits do not conduct current on their own but rather modulate the activity of Kv channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, vertebrate voltage-gated K+ channels are tetramers of four identical subunits arranged as a ring, each contributing to the wall of the trans-membrane K+ pore. (wikipedia.org)
  • Channel mutation studies have revealed the parts of the subunits that are essential for ion selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • As K+ passes through the pore, interactions between potassium ions and water molecules are prevented and the K+ interacts with specific atomic components of the Thr-Val-Gly-[YF]-Gly sequences from the four channel subunits [1]. (wikipedia.org)
  • The N-terminus of the channel is associated with beta subunits that can modify the inactivation properties of the channel as well as affect expression levels. (thermofisher.com)
  • Kv3 channel subunits encoded by Kcnc genes are distinguished by rapid activation and deactivation kinetics that support high-frequency, narrow action potential firing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Large, non-GABAergic DCN projection neurons express Kv3.1 and Kv3.3 channel subunits. (jneurosci.org)
  • KChIPs are small molecular weight proteins that bind to the cytoplasmic amino termini of Kv4 alpha-subunits and help to modulate its function. (fishersci.com)
  • This member is one of the beta subunits, which are auxiliary proteins associating with functional Kv-alpha subunits. (ucsc.edu)
  • The KCNE1 protein regulates a channel made up of four parts, called alpha subunits, which are produced from the KCNQ1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Kvβ1.1 is a cytoplasmic subunit that modulates the characteristics of the membrane spanning, channel-forming alpha-subunits. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Beta subunits can promote the closure of channels or enhance channel activity depending on the channel members. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Through obligatory heteromerization, it exerts a function-altering effect on other potassium channel subunits. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • This member is a delayed rectifier potassium channel and its activity is modulated by some other family members. (nih.gov)
  • Predicted to enable delayed rectifier potassium channel activity. (mcw.edu)
  • Anti-Hu antibodies may alter the production of these proteins, which are essential for the development, maturation, and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • In one report, a subset of patients with limbic encephalitis associated with a systemic neoplasm previously attributed to antibodies against voltage gated potassium channel antibodies actually recognize LGI1 protein complex epitopes and do not represent a channelopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies may be associated with nonparaneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (medscape.com)
  • CALIXAR's approach allows to preserve the original structure and function of membrane proteins (GPCRs, Ion Channels, Transporters, Receptors, Anchors and Viral Proteins) providing solutions for pharmaceutical industries, biotechnology companies and academic teams to develop conformational antibodies, formulate new vaccines, carry out Structure Based Drug Discovery and/or HTS assays. (calixar.com)
  • Samples were also negative for antibodies against Hu, Ri, Yo, and voltage-gated potassium channel antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • Detect antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibody receptor complex-associated, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 protein (LGI1) and contactin associated protein 2 (CASPR2). (aruplab.com)
  • In a recent report, a subset of patients with limbic encephalitis associated with a systemic neoplasm previously attributed to antibodies against voltage gated potassium channel antibodies actually recognize LGI1 protein complex epitopes and do not represent a channelopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Antibodies against a presynaptic structure, the voltage-gated potassium channels of peripheral nerves, have been detected in patients with neuromyotonia with or without thymoma. (medscape.com)
  • Neuromyotonia and antibodies to the voltage-gated potassium channels have also been found in patients with MG. Twenty percent of patients with MG and neuromyotonia have been demonstrated to have thymoma. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to these autoantibodies, patients with thymoma-associated MG produce autoantibodies to various neuromuscular antigens, including antibodies to the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum) and antibodies to cytoplasmic filamentous proteins (particularly titin) or neurofilaments. (medscape.com)
  • Laboratory testing should include tests for antibodies to contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), the striational voltage-gated calcium channel, gliadin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and the voltage-gated potassium channel. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Four sequence-related potassium channel genes - shaker, shaw, shab, and shal - have been identified in Drosophila, and each has been shown to have human homolog(s). (nih.gov)
  • Such genetic methods allowed the genetic identification of the "Shaker" K+ channel gene in Drosophila before ion channel gene sequences were well known. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a voltage-gated delayed potassium channel that is phylogenetically related to the Drosophila Shaker channel. (thermofisher.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. (ucsc.edu)
  • Belongs to the shaker potassium channel beta subunit family. (ucsc.edu)
  • Kvß1.1 is a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shaker-related subfamily. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • All patients were negative for the VGKC-complex-associated proteins LGI1, CASPR2 and contactin-2. (bmj.com)
  • To document neurologic, oncologic, and serologic associations of patients in whom voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) autoantibodies were detected in the course of serologic evaluation for neuronal, glial, and muscle autoantibodies. (qxmd.com)
  • The spectrum of neurologic manifestations and neoplasms associated with voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) autoimmunity is broader than previously recognized. (qxmd.com)
  • see Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel (VGKC) Antibody with Reflex to LGI1 and CASPR2 Screen and Titer, Serum ( 2009463 ). (aruplab.com)
  • Cumulative inactivation of voltage-gated (Kv) K(+) channels shapes the presynaptic action potential and determines timing and strength of synaptic transmission. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Kvα11.x - ether-a-go-go potassium channels: Kv11.1 (KCNH2) - hERG, Kv11.2 (KCNH6), Kv11.3 (KCNH7) Kvα12.x: Kv12.1 (KCNH8), Kv12.2 (KCNH3), Kv12.3 (KCNH4) Unable to form functional channels as homotetramers but instead heterotetramerize with Kvα2 family members to form conductive channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • The neuronal proteins are homologous to the embryonic lethal abnormal visual (ELAV) protein in Drosophila species. (medscape.com)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, the distribution pattern of PI(4,5)P 2 and the association with these proteins on the neuronal cell membranes remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
  • PIs contribute to various aspects of neuronal activity, such as synaptic transmission and maintenance of membrane excitability by regulating ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
  • Members of this family affect diverse processes in potassium channel regulation, including ion selectivity, voltage dependence, and anterograde recycling from the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each subunit is composed of six membrane spanning hydrophobic α-helical sequences, as well as a voltage sensor in S4. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high resolution crystallographic structure of the rat Kvα1.2/β2 channel has recently been solved (Protein Databank Accession Number 2A79​), and then refined in a lipid membrane-like environment (PDB: 2r9r​). (wikipedia.org)
  • Starting from native material or recombinant systems, we succeed with all types of membrane proteins: GPCRs, Ion Channels, Transporters, Receptors and Viral Proteins. (calixar.com)
  • In cells, some molecules can move down their concentration gradients by crossing the lipid portion of the membrane directly, while others must pass through membrane proteins in a process called facilitated diffusion. (khanacademy.org)
  • Larger charged and polar molecules, like sugars and amino acids, also need help from proteins to efficiently cross the membrane. (khanacademy.org)
  • Transient receptor potential melastatin member 4 (TRPM4), a non-selective cation channel, mediates cell membrane depolarization in immune response, insulin secretion, neurological disorders, and cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • PI(4,5)P 2 interacts with various ion channels and receptors to regulate membrane signaling but its nanoscale distribution and association with these proteins remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
  • KCNKs, potassium two pore domain channel family K members, can maintain the resting potential, regulate the amplitude and duration of the plateau of the action potential, and change the membrane potential and membrane excitability. (jcancer.org)
  • Bulk Order Inquiry for Anti-Kvbeta1.1 K+ Channel Antibody FL650 Conjugate ------- (please add any order requirements, including desired quantity, timing, etc. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • Antibody specificity was confirmed in all cases by immunoprecipitation of detergent-solubilized brain synaptic proteins complexed with (125)I-alpha-dendrotoxin. (qxmd.com)
  • Homo sapiens potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 2 (KCNAB2), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (ucsc.edu)
  • Predicted to be involved in potassium ion transmembrane transport. (mcw.edu)
  • The encoded protein has six putative transmembrane segments, and the loop between S5 and S6 forms the pore and contains the conserved selectivity filter motif. (thermofisher.com)
  • Associates with KCNQ2 or KCNQ5 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. (calixar.com)
  • A very slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed in NEURONS and is commonly mutated in BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Genetic approaches include screening for behavioral changes in animals with mutations in K+ channel genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Study of the altered properties of voltage-gated K+ channel proteins produced by mutated genes has helped reveal the functional roles of K+ channel protein domains and even individual amino acids within their structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shab-related subfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Candidate targets for anti-AF drugs include a potassium channel K(v)1.5, and the ionic currents I(KACh) and late I(Na), along with increased oxidative stress and activation of NFAT-mediated gene transcription. (nih.gov)
  • The KCNE1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that regulates the activity of potassium channels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One beta subunit, produced from the KCNE1 gene, binds to the channel and regulates its activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-1 or Kvβ1.1 is encoded by the gene KCNAB1. (antibodiesinc.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V. This member is identified as a 'silent subunit', and it does not form homomultimers, but forms heteromultimers with several other subfamily members. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. (nih.gov)
  • Functional analysis suggests that only ID1 may work as a pore-occluding ball domain, whereas ID2 most likely acts as a "docking domain" that attaches ID1 to the cytoplasmic face of the channel. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The functional channel is a homotetramer. (thermofisher.com)
  • Somatic variations in protein kinases with experimental evidence demonstrating their functional role. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of slow delayed inward rectifying potassium current (Iks) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with KCNQ1 / Kv1.7 / KvLQT1 and. (bindingdb.org)
  • Inhibition of slow delayed inward rectifying potassium current (Iks) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing hKvLQT1/hminK measured using Ion. (bindingdb.org)
  • Inhibition of rapid delayed inward rectifying potassium current (IKr) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stable expressing hERG measured using IonW. (bindingdb.org)
  • Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). (scbdd.com)
  • KCNE4 and KCNE5: K(+) channel regulation and cardiac arrhythmogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • These channels are active in the inner ear and in heart (cardiac) muscle, where they transport potassium ions out of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the heart, the channels are involved in recharging the cardiac muscle after each heartbeat to maintain a regular rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An altered KCNE1 protein cannot regulate the flow of potassium ions through channels in the inner ear and cardiac muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In conclusion, decreased or increased protein expression of several TRPM4 variants linked to cardiac conduction disorders or ventricular arrhythmias were found to be caused by altered TRPM4 half-life compared to the WT form. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the physiological role for this channel in cardiac function remains unclear. (frontiersin.org)
  • Covers selective permeability of membranes, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion (including channels and carrier proteins). (khanacademy.org)
  • It may seem counterintuitive that a channel should allow potassium ions but not the smaller sodium ions through. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means that ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride cannot cross membranes to any significant degree by simple diffusion, and must instead be transported by specialized proteins (which we'll discuss later). (khanacademy.org)
  • These channels, which transport positively charged potassium atoms (ions) into and out of cells, play a key role in a cell's ability to generate and transmit electrical signals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Isoforms USO have no channel activity by themself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation. (scbdd.com)
  • indicating their potential role as an anchor for these proteins to regulate their localization and dynamics during synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
  • These channels regulate nerve excitability. (medscape.com)
  • However in an aqueous environment, potassium and sodium cations are solvated by water molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diameter of the selectivity filter is ideal for the potassium cation, but too big for the smaller sodium cation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence the potassium cations are well "solvated" by the protein carbonyl groups, but these same carbonyl groups are too far apart to adequately solvate the sodium cation. (wikipedia.org)
  • C1 inhibited I(KACh)(IC₅₀ of 1.9 μmol·L(-1)) and the Na(v)1.5 sodium channel current (IC₅₀s of 3 and 1 μmol·L(-1) for peak and late components respectively). (nih.gov)
  • The targets of the epilepsy pipeline drugs market are Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit (GABA, Voltage Gated Sodium Channel, Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Cannabinoid Receptor 1, Potassium Voltage Gated Channel Subfamily KQT Member 2, Potassium Voltage Gated Channel Subfamily KQT Member 3, Sodium Channel Protein Type 8 Subunit Alpha, Sodium Channel Protein Type 1 Subunit Alpha, 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor, and Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase mTOR. (globaldata.com)
  • Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. (nature.com)
  • Grouping proteins into sequence-based clusters is a fundamental step in many bioinformatic analyses ( e.g. , homology-based prediction of structure or function). (biomedcentral.com)
  • They include the amino acid sequence (Thr-Val-Gly-Tyr-Gly) or (Thr-Val-Gly-Phe-Gly) typical to the selectivity filter of voltage-gated K+ channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in the KCNE1 protein, which disrupts the protein's normal structure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Classification of amino acid substitutions in mismatch repair proteins using PON-MMR2. (lu.se)
  • The Complementarity Between Protein-Specific and General Pathogenicity Predictors for Amino Acid Substitutions. (lu.se)
  • Accessory potassium channel protein which modulates the activity of the pore-forming alpha subunit. (ucsc.edu)
  • We made whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of recombinant ion channels, human atrial I(Kur), rat atrial I(KACh), cellular recordings of contractility and calcium transient measurements in tsA201 cells, human atrial samples and rat myocytes. (nih.gov)
  • A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human Kv1.1 potassium channel (465-481aa IAHYRQVNIRTANCTTA). (thermofisher.com)
  • KinMutBase is a comprehensive knowledge base for human diseaserelated variations in protein kinase domains. (lu.se)
  • wKinMut: an integrated tool for the analysis and interpretation of mutations in human protein kinases. (lu.se)
  • Ehmke H. Physiological functions of the regulatory potassium channel subunit KCNE1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Release of hypericin from the particles was observed toward serum proteins, mimicking physiological conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. (scbdd.com)
  • Kinact: a computational approach for predicting activating missense mutations in protein kinases. (lu.se)
  • Kin-Driver: a database of driver mutations in protein kinases. (lu.se)
  • Predicted to be part of voltage-gated potassium channel complex. (mcw.edu)
  • Moreover, endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related proteins and their transcripts are most abundant at early and mid-development. (nature.com)
  • It belongs to a multimeric complex and is associated with other proteins.The pleiotropic actions of TSPO render this protein an interesting target in the nervous system. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • When moving through the selectivity filter of the potassium channel, the water-K+ interactions are replaced by interactions between K+ and carbonyl groups of the channel protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • eng] The study of the 3D structural details of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions is essential to understand biomolecular functions at the molecular level. (tesisenred.net)
  • KCNE1 and KCNE3: The yin and yang of voltage-gated K(+) channel regulation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the heart, Kv4 channels are involved in the repolarization phase of the action potential. (fishersci.com)
  • Please note observed molecular weights in western blot applications may differ depending on a variety of protein characteristics. (avivasysbio.com)
  • In consequence, protein turnover of WT-TRPM4 and TRPM4 variants overexpressed in HEK293 cells was analyzed using cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogenic and neutral variants for 82 proteins used to compare generic and protein specific predictors. (lu.se)
  • C1 weakly inhibited the hERG channel and maintained antioxidant and NFAT-inhibitory properties comparable to the parent molecule, resveratrol. (nih.gov)
  • The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) protein is an intracellular Ca 2+ -activated non-selective cation channel, which is impermeable to Ca 2+ . (frontiersin.org)
  • Found associated with Kv4 channels are a group of calcium-binding proteins termed KChIPs (Kv channel interacting proteins). (fishersci.com)
  • Recent evidence indicates that altered degradation rate of mutant proteins represents a pathogenic mechanism underlying genetic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • These sequences represent the protein coding region of the KCNIP1 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
  • Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)
  • The KCNE1 protein is also produced in the kidneys, testes, and uterus, where it probably regulates the activity of other channels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, we studied the effects of Dox on the chromatin binding of the architectural proteins high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) and the linker histone H1, and the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor (RARα) by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) in live cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Moreover, in myelin-deficient rats, which have severe CNS dysmyelination, node-like clusters of Kv3.1b and Na+ channels are observed even in regions devoid of oligodendrocytes. (duke.edu)
  • The function of these channels is explored by electrophysiological studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of this protein remains unknown. (avivasysbio.com)
  • Together, the concerted action of ID1 and ID2 may promote rapid inactivation of Kv1.4 that is crucial for the channel function in short term plasticity. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The specific function of a potassium channel depends on its protein components and its location in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This loss of channel function leads to the arrhythmia and hearing loss characteristic of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Three of them, p.A101T, p.S1044C and a double variant p.A101T/P1204L, led to a decreased expression and function of the channel. (frontiersin.org)
  • Kv3 channels are distinguished by rapid activation and deactivation, which confer upon them the ability to rapidly repolarize action potentials. (jneurosci.org)