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Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2Retinoblastoma Binding ProteinsRetinoblastomaRetinoblastoma ProteinRetinal NeoplasmsRepressor ProteinsGenes, RetinoblastomaTranscription, GeneticTranscription FactorsDNA-Binding ProteinsPromoter Regions, GeneticEye NeoplasmsDimethyl SulfoxidePowdersDry Powder InhalersOxazinesValproic AcidXanthenesCulture Media
Polycomb repressive complexNucleic acidsPhosphorylationTumorHighly conservedInhibitorsGenesEncodes a proteinCellularSubunitRegulatesTumourSiRNAMutationsHistoneBiochemicalMRNAsOxidativeAffinityNuclear proteinChromatinCateninInhibitorGene expressionRegulateKinasesCervicalFunctionalPutativeViralLocusMoleculeStructuresMutantInteractTumorigenesisCellHumansControlStimulateRegulationDisassemblyFunctionFamilySpeciesActivityStudiesMultipleSpecific
Polycomb repressive complex2
  • Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
Nucleic acids1
  • Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
Phosphorylation4
  • A phosphorylation downstream to the core motif acts as a switch that binds to a positively charged pocket only present in p107/p130. (eu.org)
  • Upon phosphorylation of S608 in a flexible linker of Rb, this "RbLoop" mimics the LxDLFD groove motif, competing with E2F binding. (eu.org)
  • Phosphorylation controlled by protein kinases and phosphatases is the major posttranslational modification and regulates the cellular levels and transactivator function of E2F1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Tumor4
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Accordingly, these kinds of exoproteins are involved in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor metastasis and host defense [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Highly conserved3
  • The LxCxE and LxSxE motifs bind to a highly conserved cleft in the B subdomain. (eu.org)
  • The LxDLFD motif ( LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 ) mediates binding to a highly conserved deep groove formed in the interface between the A and B subdomains of the Rb, p107 and p130 pocket domains. (eu.org)
  • Oxr1p belongs to the group of TLDc domain containing proteins that are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. (upstate.edu)
Inhibitors2
  • Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, have been developed for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma, desirable clinical efficacies have not been achieved. (bvsalud.org)
  • B catenin and p120ctn are extremely comparable mole cules possessing the 2 i. domains of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries interaction together with the cytosolic portion of cadherins and ii. (alkpathway.com)
Genes5
  • The transcription factor E2F1 participates in cell cycle control through transcriptional activation of genes that promote S-phase entry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the promoter regions of proapoptotic genes are less occupied by E2F1 in cells, an increase in S375-dephosphorylated E2F1 induces preferential binding of E2F1 to the proapoptotic gene promoters and their expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
Encodes a protein1
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
Cellular2
  • A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
Subunit3
  • The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK8 phosphorylate at S375 of E2F1, which is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) containing the B55 regulatory subunit. (bvsalud.org)
Regulates2
  • It binds directly, with several other proteins, to retinoblastoma protein (pRB) which regulates cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
Tumour2
  • The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene RB1 was the first tumour suppressor gene to be identified and characterised. (eu.org)
  • Both oncoproteins exert pleiotropic functions on their host cells, such as inactivation of the major tumour suppressors, p53 and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), respectively [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SiRNA2
  • In addition, siRNA directed against p53 decreased MCP-1 transcription after TNF-α addition, directly confirming a crosstalk between p53 and MCP-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of FMRP protein by siRNA\mediated silencing resulted in DL-Menthol a corresponding reduction in the association of \catenin to the complex, again without affecting \catenin expression (Fig?4E). (informationalwebs.com)
Mutations3
Histone3
  • A histone chaperone protein that plays a role in the deposition of NUCLEOSOMES on newly synthesized DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
Biochemical2
  • A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)
  • Biochemical experiments showed that Oxr1p binds and promotes V-ATPase disassembly. (upstate.edu)
MRNAs2
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • i) eIF4E preferentially binds to the 5cap (m7GTP) of mRNAs and recruits the pre\initiation complex to that IL8 site. (informationalwebs.com)
Oxidative2
  • The cryo-EM analysis also revealed a population of free V 1 bound to Oxidation Resistance 1 (Oxr1p), a poorly characterized protein that has been implicated in protecting cells from oxidative stress. (upstate.edu)
  • shown in red), a poorly characterized protein implicated in oxidative stress response. (upstate.edu)
Affinity4
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that has an affinity for core HISTONES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thus, we include a final wild-card position, although the role of this position on binding affinity has not been tested. (eu.org)
  • Extensive interactions in the N-terminal flanking region of E2F increase Rb-binding affinity ( Lee,2002 ). (eu.org)
  • S375-dephosphorylated E2F1 exhibits higher DNA-binding affinity than the phosphorylated form. (bvsalud.org)
Nuclear protein2
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
Chromatin6
  • Chromatin assembly factor 1. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The LxCxE motif binds to all pocket proteins and is present in chromatin regulators such as HDAC and KDM5A and in viral proteins. (eu.org)
  • The proposed p53 binding side could be confirmed in vitro by electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays and in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation. (biomedcentral.com)
Catenin4
  • a primary connection between \catenin and the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). (informationalwebs.com)
  • In conclusion, we present evidence that \catenin fulfills a previously unrecognized function in translational repression. (informationalwebs.com)
  • Moreover, in HEK 293T cells, forced expression of Flag\FMRP results in an increased association of endogenous \catenin with the eIF4E pre\initiation complex without affecting \catenin expression, while again, no proteins interacted with the GTP\agarose control beads (Fig?4D\i and ii, respectively). (informationalwebs.com)
  • Kaiso protein interacts exclusively with p120 catenin, a member in the armadillo household that owns B catenin. (alkpathway.com)
Inhibitor1
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Gene expression1
  • Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
Regulate1
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
Kinases1
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
Cervical1
  • Inactivation of Rb may contribute to many human malignancies including familial retinoblastoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, prostate carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and some forms of leukaemias ( Burkhart,2008 ). (eu.org)
Functional2
  • Pocket proteins play essential roles in cell cycle progression, quiescence and differentiation, and their functional disruption is associated with human cancer. (eu.org)
  • In both cases, non-functional p53 leads to diminished MCP-1 transcription upon TNF-α treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Putative1
  • In silico analysis of the MCP-1 upstream region proposed a putative p53 binding side about 2.5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral1
  • Moreover, the availability of p53 is apparently important for chemokine regulation, since TNF-α can induce MCP-1 only in human keratinocytes expressing the viral oncoprotein E7, but not in HPV16 E6 positive cells, where p53 becomes degraded. (biomedcentral.com)
Locus1
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
Molecule1
  • This protein, in turn, serves as a bridging molecule to recruit HDACs and, in addition, provides a second HDAC-independent repression function. (wikipedia.org)
Structures1
  • used cryo-EM to obtain structures of yeast V-ATPase assembled from purified V 1 and V o subcomplexes. (upstate.edu)
Mutant2
  • A general physiological role of p53 in MCP-1 regulation was further substantiated in HPV-negative cells harboring a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in Li-Fraumeni cells, carrying a germ-line mutation of p53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Garner and Allard [ 1 ] put forward the concept of photoperiodism after examining a short day (SD) period requiring tobacco mutant. (jabonline.in)
Interact1
Tumorigenesis1
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
Cell11
  • Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • Pocket proteins Rb, p107 and p130 play central roles in cell cycle progression and differentiation. (eu.org)
  • The adenovirus E1A protein mimics the LxDLFD motif and competes with E2F for binding to Rb, promoting E2F activation and cell proliferation. (eu.org)
  • The most studied function of the Rb protein is in the regulation of cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary ( Giacinti,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • Dogs with digit or foot pad malignant melanoma (n = 4), osteosarcoma (n = 2), hemangiosarcoma (n = 1), transitional cell carcinoma (n = 1), nasal adenocarcinoma (n = 1), B-cell lymphoma (n = 1), or undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 2) were treated with 2 or 5 mg/kg c4G12 every 2 weeks. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • i) Precipitated proteins in A10 cell lysates with m7GTP\agarose beads were identified by Western blot analysis. (informationalwebs.com)
  • ii) A10 cell lysates were incubated with GTP\agarose beads, and none of the proteins tested were precipitated with the beads. (informationalwebs.com)
  • As shown below, binding of the growth factor can lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
Humans1
  • AT rich interactive domain 4A (RBP1-like), also known as ARID4A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ARID4A gene. (wikipedia.org)
Control1
  • There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. (nature.com)
Stimulate1
  • e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens. (lookformedical.com)
Regulation1
  • Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
Disassembly2
  • The enzyme's proton pumping function is regulated by a unique process called "reversible disassembly", wherein V 1 dissociates from V o in a for example nutrient dependent manner. (upstate.edu)
  • Journal cover: V-ATPase is regulated by disassembly into soluble V 1 (shown in cyan) and membrane integral V o (shown in gold) subcomplexes. (upstate.edu)
Function1
  • The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes. (lookformedical.com)
Family2
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 (LxDLFD), LIG_RB_LxCxE_1 (LxCxE) and LIG_RBL1_LxSxE_2 (LxSxE).The LxDLFD motif binds to a deep groove formed between the A and B subdomains and is present in E2F family transcription factors (E2F1-5). (eu.org)
Species1
Activity2
  • The encoded protein possesses transcriptional repression activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)
Studies2
  • Our previous studies showed that the expression of the monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a chemokine, which triggers the infiltration and activation of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, is abrogated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive premalignant and malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After discovering photoperiodic floral induction [ 1 ], many physiological studies have been carried on with the flowering transition. (jabonline.in)
Multiple1
  • A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific2
  • Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. (lookformedical.com)
  • While individual V 1 and V o subcomplexes are locked in specific rotary states, the in vitro assembled complexes populated three rotary states, similar to what was previously observed for native V-ATPase. (upstate.edu)