• With an attempt to help users efficiently identify the candidate biomarkers in cancers, 30 microarray experiments, including 39 cancerous versus normal cells, were analyzed for detecting cancer-specific expressed genes coding for kinases and their substrates. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, our work provides important insight into the substrates-TTBK2 kinase relationship and suggests that phosphorylation of substrates on multiple sites by TTBK2 is probably involved in the control of ciliogenesis in human cells. (muni.cz)
  • Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The new features significantly enhance the ability of Predikin to analyse protein kinases and their substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic protein kinases phosphorylate substrates at serine, threonine and tyrosine residues that fall within the context of short sequence motifs. (networkin.info)
  • Knowing the phosphorylation site motif for a protein kinase facilitates designing substrates for kinase assays and mapping phosphorylation sites in protein substrates. (networkin.info)
  • Consensus peptides based on these sequences typically serve as efficient and specific kinase substrates for high throughput screening or incorporation into biosensors. (networkin.info)
  • In order to perform experiments that would allow isolation and characterization of the enzymes involved in attaching and removing phosphate from proteins, there was a need for convenient substrates for protein kinases and protein phosphatases. (wikipedia.org)
  • These latter findings contrast similar studies with synthetic peptide substrates and highlight the value of investigation of protein kinase substrate selectivity with protein substrates. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Kinase Substrates Library, Group II, biotinylat. (anaspec.com)
  • Coexpression of protein kinases with their substrates in bacteria is of great value in the preparation of numerous phosphoproteins, heretofore not possible in procaryotic expression systems. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tyrosine kinase activity in lens membrane preparations was assayed in the presence of a synthetic substrate peptide and [32P]ATP. (nih.gov)
  • The decrease in protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlated with the decrease in tyrosine kinase activity associated with the lens membrane fraction. (nih.gov)
  • Wang, D & Cole, PA 2001, ' Protein tyrosine kinase Csk-catalyzed phosphorylation of Src containing unnatural tyrosine analogues ', Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol. 123, no. 37, pp. 8883-8886. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. (nih.gov)
  • The canonical form of this glycosylated transmembrane protein has an N-terminal extracellular region with five immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain at the C-terminus. (nih.gov)
  • Peptide used as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate. (anaspec.com)
  • Olsson PO, Gustafsson R, In 't Zandt R, Friman T, Maccarana M, Tykesson E, Oldberg Å, Rubin K, Kalamajski S. The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib Augments Extracellular Fluid Exchange and Reduces Average Collagen Fibril Diameter in Experimental Carcinoma. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, Wnt-5a is known to inhibit migration of breast epithelial cells in culture and expression of Wnt-5a potentiates activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1, a collagen receptor implicated in cell adhesion and migration. (lu.se)
  • Protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of SERT occurs on the plasma membrane during the initial phase of rapid transporter inhibition, and later, the phosphorylated SERT enters the intracellular pool. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The initial serine phosphorylation corresponded to the first phase of rapid inhibition mediated by changes in intrinsic activity and/or silencing of SERT. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The later phosphorylation on threonine residue(s) corresponded to the later phase of sustained inhibition mediated by an enhanced endocytosis of SERT. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Inhibition of protein kinase C also promoted reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study was designed to examine potential in vivo mechanisms of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation inhibition and its downstream signaling consequences during the recovery period after a single bout of sprint exercise. (ulpgc.es)
  • We also found that inhibition of ROCK by Y-27632 or H-1152 selectively diminished U-46619-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation, whereas it did not affect PHI-1 phosphorylation. (uky.edu)
  • In contrast, inhibition of PKC by GF-109203X or by PKC downregulation selectively diminished U-46619-induced PHI-1 phosphorylation without significantly affecting U-46619-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation. (uky.edu)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via its inhibitor NU7026, a dominant-negative kinase-dead mutation, RNA interference (RNAi) or gene depletion led to the attenuation of UVB-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PKC involvement can be accounted for by PKCγ and an isoform sensitive to inhibition by pseudoZ, probably PKCζ, which is activated via PI3′-kinase. (jneurosci.org)
  • Inhibition of Cdk5 by olomoucine enhanced phosphorylation of kinesin, suggesting that the effect was mediated by negative regulation of other kinases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inhibition of Cdk5 resulted in dephosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser9 site on GSK3β and an increase of activating phosphorylation at Tyr216. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, we found that Wnt-5a could directly trigger a cAMP response that resulted in phosphorylation of DARPP-32 and stimulation with Wnt-5a was necessary for DARPP-32 mediated inhibition of cell migration in wound healing assay. (lu.se)
  • The human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with t BHP for 1 or 2 h with or without pretreatment of SB203580, an inhibitor of MAP kinase homologs. (molvis.org)
  • Phosphatase holoenzyme inhibitor (PHI)-1 is one of the newest members of the family of protein phosphatase inhibitor proteins. (uky.edu)
  • Results Reducing MCM2 or MCM3 proteins does not impact cell growth Our previous results showed an involvement of MCM proteins in the DNA damage response through its co-localization with -H2AX foci, and through connection with chromatin redesigning proteins in response to DNA damage induced from the topoisomerase II inhibitor Etoposide [28]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Deficiency of Pim-2 activity increases murine host resistance to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in vivo, and a Pim-2 small molecule kinase inhibitor also modified Treg cell functions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Treatment of cells with the MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD 98059, prevented both T4-induced nuclear MAPK-TR co-immuno-precipitation and serine phosphorylation of TR. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Sprint exercise induces Thr172-AMPK phosphorylation and increased PGC-1α mRNA, by an unknown mechanism. (ulpgc.es)
  • Together, our results show for the first time that agonist induces PHI-1 phosphorylation in VSMCs and divergent kinase signaling couples agonist stimulation to PHI-1 and CPI-17 phosphorylation. (uky.edu)
  • Giordano G, Sanchez-Perez AM, Montoliu C, Berezney R, Malyavantham K, Costa LG, Calvete JJ, Felipo V. Activation of NMDA receptors induces protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of matrin 3. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In isolated enzyme systems, several kinases, including PKC and rho kinase (ROCK), have been shown to phosphorylate PHI-1. (uky.edu)
  • The Pim-2 kinase can phosphorylate Foxp3, leading to decreased suppressive functions of Treg cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) is an intracellular signal mediator and plays a key role in many cellular functions. (nih.gov)
  • In this study we have examined the changes in lens protein tyrosine phosphorylation and its impact on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling during selenite cataract development. (nih.gov)
  • The stimulation of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity by G-kinase was only observed in the presence of phosphatidylinositol (PI). (portlandpress.com)
  • G-kinase, but not A-kinase, stimulated the phosphorylation of PI to phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) in a preparation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase obtained by calmodulin affinity chromatography from smooth muscle, but not in a similar preparation from erythrocytes. (portlandpress.com)
  • PF cells were found to express regulatory (p85) and catalytic (p110α and p110β) subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3′-kinase). (jneurosci.org)
  • β-PMA-induced phosphorylation of SERT occurs initially on serine residues(s) and then on threonine residue(s). (aspetjournals.org)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This method uses a set of peptide mixtures in which each of the 20 amino acid residues is systematically substituted at nine positions surrounding a central site of phosphorylation. (networkin.info)
  • One consensus phosphorylation site is S/Tp-X-X-S/T, where S/Tp refers to a phospho-serine or phospho-threonine, X refers to any amino acid, and the underlined residues refer to the target site. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results indicate that the conserved protein kinases encoded by herpesviruses and a cellular protein kinase, cdc2, have the ability to target the same amino acid residues for phosphorylation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The glycogen‐associated form of protein phosphatase‐1 (PP‐1 G ) is a heterodimer comprising a 37‐kDa catalytic (C) subunit and a 161‐kDa glycogen‐binding (G) subunit, the latter being phosphorylated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase at two serine residues (site 1 and site 2). (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Results: We identified an isoform of atypical protein kinase C (protein kinase C iota) that can bind to DOC2b and phosphorylates one of the serine residues of DOC2b (S34). (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. (lu.se)
  • CKI also phosphorylates a related unprimed site, which optimally contains a cluster of acidic amino acids N-terminal to the target S/T including an acidic residue at n − 3 and a hydrophobic region C-terminal to the target S/T. A single acidic residue in the n − 3 position is not sufficient for CKI phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) binds to and phosphorylates β‑catenin In plants the phosphorylation of protein Jade-1 is regulated by casein kinase 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • iv) The sequence flanking Ser-133 of EF-1δ completely matches the consensus phosphorylation site for a cellular protein kinase, cdc2, and in vitro kinase assays revealed that purified cdc2 phosphorylates Ser-133 of EF-1δ. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: We propose a novel insulin signaling mechanism by which protein kinase C iota phosphorylates DOC2b, leading to glucose transporter 4 vesicle translocation, fusion and facilitation of glucose uptake in response to insulin. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Upon activation by its cytokine ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), this protein phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of many cell types and thereby plays an important role in hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, and in mast cell development, migration and function. (nih.gov)
  • These studies show that signaling events involving the protein tyrosine phosphorylation process and activation of PI-3K are altered during selenite cataract formation and implicate defects in signal transduction mechanisms as contributing factors in the development of cataract. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorylation of Syk Activation Loop Tyrosines Is Essential for Syk Function. (crossref.org)
  • Phosphorylation of LRP6 by CK1gamma promotes binding of axin to LRP and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) enhances the angiogenic process and is involved in the signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Activation of ROCK by expressing V14RhoA selectively induced CPI-17 phosphorylation without affecting PHI-1 phosphorylation. (uky.edu)
  • Cell-cycle kinases DDK and CDK are needed upstream for the activation from the MCM complicated and several PGE1 ic50 research have defined the checkpoint-dependent phosphorylation of MCM proteins [24C27], although certain requirements or results for these adjustments for activity or stability from the helicase still stay unclear. (ampkpathway.com)
  • The alteration of MCM proteins induced a change in the activation of important factors of the DDR in response to Etoposide treatment, including influencing the phosphorylation of -H2AX, CHK1 and CHK2 following Etoposide-induced DNA damage without inducing changes in cell viability, but resulting in a small decrease in DNA replication. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Activation of DNA-PKcs by UV is dependent on ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related) kinase and is important for replication stress [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • siRNA knockdown of PKN1 in NRVM resulted in increased basal CamKIIδ activation and increased PLB Thr17 phosphorylation only during sI. (figshare.com)
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • it is involved in skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and smooth muscle, and activation of protein kinases and enzyme phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1. (lu.se)
  • moreover, PI3′-kinase inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) antagonized secretion. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • v) As observed with EF-1δ, the casein kinase II β subunit (CKIIβ) was specifically phosphorylated by UL13 in vitro, while the level of phosphorylation of CKIIβ by UL13 was greatly diminished when a serine residue at position 209, which has been reported to be phosphorylated by cdc2, was replaced with alanine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of site 2 was rate‐limiting for dissociation and reassociation of C subunit. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Site 2 was a good substrate for all three type‐2 phosphatases (2A, 2B and 2C) with t 0.5 values less than those toward the α subunit of phosphorylase kinase. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • In conjunction with information presented in the following paper in this issue of this journal, the results substantiate the hypothesis that PP‐1 activity towards the glycogen‐metabolising enzymes is regulated in vivo by reversible phosphorylation of a targetting subunit (G) that directs the C subunit to glycogen-protein particles. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • We found that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) were both required for UVB-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation in keratinocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Slight increases in the binding of a monoclonal antibody to the a subunit of CaM kinase II were seen, while large increases in the binding of [125Icalmodulin to the a subunit of CaM kinase II also were observed. (cdc.gov)
  • This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit. (bvsalud.org)
  • The experimentally validated phosphorylation sites as well as their catalytic kinases were extracted from public resources, and MS/MS phosphopeptides were manually curated from research articles. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we describe an arrayed peptide library protocol for rapidly determining kinase phosphorylation consensus sequences. (networkin.info)
  • Peptide mixtures are arrayed in multiwell plates and analyzed by radiolabel assay with the kinase of interest. (networkin.info)
  • The preferred sequence is determined from the relative rate of phosphorylation of each peptide in the array. (networkin.info)
  • This positional scanning synthetic peptide combinatorial library (PS-SPCL) has been used in rapid identification of serine/threonine kinase phosphorylation motif. (anaspec.com)
  • The use of this Group II of distinct 18 peptide mixtures, in combination with Group I of 180 distinct peptide mixtures (cat# 62017-1), can provide sequence preference information of different kinases. (anaspec.com)
  • A cell-penetrant peptide blocking C9ORF72-repeat RNA nuclear export reduces the neurotoxic effects of dipeptide repeat proteins. (le.ac.uk)
  • Owing to an increasing number of in vivo phosphorylation sites that have been identified by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, the RegPhos, available online at http://csb.cse.yzu.edu.tw/RegPhos2/, was developed to explore protein phosphorylation networks in human. (nih.gov)
  • Abstract -Due to the high-throughput of mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics experiment, the desire to annotate the catalytic kinases for in vivo phosphorylation sites has motivated. (ijbbb.org)
  • Stimulation of normal rat lenses in organ culture with insulin and IGF-1 caused an increase in the phosphorylation of proteins, whose tyrosine phosphorylation status appeared to be diminished during cataract development. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine inhibited both the phosphorylation of PI and the stimulation of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase by G-kinase. (portlandpress.com)
  • The current study was carried out to identify the site of DOR phosphorylation during agonist stimulation and the kinases catalyzing this reaction. (wustl.edu)
  • Aims/introduction: Double C2 domain protein b (DOC2b), one of the synaptotagmins, has been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane, and to initiate membrane-fusion processes of vesicles containing glucose transporter 4 proteins on insulin stimulation. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important event in the cell signal transduction process. (nih.gov)
  • The Casein kinase 1 family (EC 2.7.11.1) of protein kinases are serine/threonine-selective enzymes that function as regulators of signal transduction pathways in most eukaryotic cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)
  • abstract = "Earlier studies have shown that translation elongation factor 1δ (EF-1δ) is hyperphosphorylated in various mammalian cells infected with representative alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses and that the modification is mediated by conserved viral protein kinases encoded by herpesviruses, including UL13 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), UL97 of human cytomegalovirus, and BGLF4 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Using expressed protein ligation, five unnatural tyrosine analogues (amino-phenylalanine, homo-tyrosine, 2-methyl-tyrosine, (αS,βR)-β-methyl-tyrosine, and 2,6-difluoro-tyrosine) were incorporated into Src in place of the natural tail tyrosine residue. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation was severely impaired by substitution of either T358 or S363 with aspartic acid residue, but phosphorylation of the T361D mutant was comparable with that of WT. (wustl.edu)
  • the cardiac isoform differs from its skeletal counterparts by containing an extra immunoglobulin-like (IgI) domain (C0) at the amino terminal, a charged residue-rich insertion in domain C5 and three phosphorylation sites in a motif between the second and third IgI domains (C1-C2), known as the MyBPC motif or m-domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • RegPhos 2.0 aims to provide a more comprehensive view of intracellular signaling networks by integrating the information of metabolic pathways and protein-protein interactions. (nih.gov)
  • Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways include a three-kinase cascade terminating in a MAP kinase family member. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ii) A purified chimeric protein consisting of maltose binding protein (MBP) fused to a domain of EF-1δ containing Ser-133 (MBP-EFWt) is specifically phosphorylated in in vitro kinase assays by purified recombinant UL13 fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) expressed in the baculovirus system. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To investigate this possibility, we assessed the ability of MMGL isoform 4 to interact with PKA regulatory subunits R1A and R2A using Y2H-based direct protein-protein interaction assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By the late 1960s, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase had been purified, and most attention was centered on kinases and phosphatases that could regulate the activity of important enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • These observations suggest a mechanism whereby CDK phosphorylation has the potential to down regulate eIF4A activity and thereby affect translation. (aber.ac.uk)
  • Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since these kinases regulate a broad range of cellular responses, their compartmentalization in close proximity to their sarcomeric targets is required to facilitate control over which proteins are phosphorylated in response to second messenger signalling [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have a specific focus on protein kinases that regulate adipose tissue function, since defects in this tissue, for example in its ability to efficiently store fat, is an underlying cause of insulin resistance and diabetes. (lu.se)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • Casein has been used as a substrate since the earliest days of research on protein phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Casein kinase activity associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of mammary glands was first characterized in 1974, and its activity was shown to not depend on cyclic AMP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Casein kinase activity was found to be present in most cell types and to be associated with multiple enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Casein kinase 1 epsilon has been suggested to play a role in phosphorylation of Disheveled in the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans there are three casein kinase 1 gamma enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xenopus casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1gamma) is associated with the cell membrane and binds to LRP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated nongenomically by L-thyroxine (T4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complexed in 19-20 min with endogenous nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ1 or TR) in nuclear fractions of 293T cells, resulting in serine phosphorylation of TR. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Thus, T4 activates MAPK and causes MAPK-mediated serine phosphorylation of TRβ1 and dissociation of TR and the co-repressor SMRT. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Phosphorylation and Desensitization in a Hepatic Cell Line. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation is an initial step in opioid receptor desensitization, a molecular mechanism of opiold tolerance and dependence. (wustl.edu)
  • Truncation (Δ15) or substitutions (T358A, T361A, and S363G single or triple mutants) at the DOR cytoplasmic tail caused 80 to 100% loss of opioid-stimulated receptor phosphorylation, indicating that T358, T361, and S363 all contribute and are cooperatively involved in agonist-stimulated DOR phosphorylation. (wustl.edu)
  • These results demonstrate that T358, T361, and S363 are required for agonist-induced and GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation. (wustl.edu)
  • Taken together, we have demonstrated that agonist-induced opioid receptor phosphorylation occurs exclusively at two phosphate acceptor sites (T358 and S363) of GRK2 at the DOR carboxyl terminus. (wustl.edu)
  • These results represent the identification of the GRK phosphorylation site on an opioid receptor for the first time and demonstrate that GRK is the prominent kinase responsible for agonist-induced opioid receptor phosphorylation in vivo. (wustl.edu)
  • Protein phosphorylation catalyzed by kinases plays crucial roles in regulating a variety of intracellular processes. (nih.gov)
  • Two protein subunits form into 3 different isozymes: CK-MM, CK-MB, and CK-BB. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle biopsies were obtained in 15 young healthy men in response to a 30-s sprint exercise (Wingate test) randomly distributed into two groups: the fasting (n = 7, C) and the glucose group (n = 8, G), who ingested 75 g of glucose 1 h before exercising to inhibit AMPKα phosphorylation. (ulpgc.es)
  • Glucose abolished the 30-min Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation. (ulpgc.es)
  • Ser221-ACCβ phosphorylation was elevated immediately following and 30 min after exercise in C and G, implying a dissociation between Thr172-AMPKα and Ser221- ACCβ phosphorylation. (ulpgc.es)
  • In conclusion, glucose ingestion prior to a sprint exercise profoundly affects Thr172- AMPKα phosphorylation and its downstream signaling during the recovery period. (ulpgc.es)
  • The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • We are currently investigating two protein kinases, namely AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2). (lu.se)
  • SIK2 is an AMPK-related kinase with abundant expression in adipose tissue. (lu.se)
  • Immunoprecipitation and Western immunoblotting were employed to determine protein tyrosine phosphorylation, PI-3K activity and protein in lens cell extracts. (nih.gov)
  • While there was no change in total PI-3K activity during the onset of cataract, the activity of PI-3K associated with tyrosine phosphorylated proteins decreased markedly in pre-cataract lenses. (nih.gov)
  • The effect of phosphorylation by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase) on the activity of the plasmalemmal Ca2+-transport ATPase was studied on isolated plasma membranes and on the ATPase purified from pig erythrocytes and from the smooth muscle of pig stomach and pig aorta. (portlandpress.com)
  • The potential functional consequences of PKC beta-induced retinoblastoma phosphorylation could include enhanced E2 promoter binding factor transcriptional activity and increased VEGF -induced endothelial cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • At physiological ionic strength, phosphorylation of glycogen‐bound PP‐1 G was found to release all the phosphatase activity from glycogen. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The efficient dephosphorylation of site 2 by the Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐stimulated protein phosphatase (2B) provides a potential mechanism for regulating PP‐1 activity in response to Ca 2+ , and represents an example of a protein phosphatase cascade. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Here we identified a mechanism regulating Foxp3 level and activity that operates through discrete phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Treg cell suppressive function can be up-regulated by either pharmacologically inhibiting Pim-2 kinase activity or by genetically knocking out Pim-2 in rodent Treg cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cardioprotection by PKN1 is associated with reduced CamKIIδ-dependent PLB Thr17 phosphorylation at the SR and therefore may stabilize the coupling of SR Ca2+ handling and contractile function, independent of its kinase activity. (figshare.com)
  • The finding of large increases in the autophosphorylation and calmodulin-binding to CaM kinase II with only slight increases in the amount of antibody-binding suggests that CS2 exposure results in increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of proteins by inducing an increase in kinase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Altered phosphorylation of CREB phosphopeptide, a substrate of GSK3β, suggested that GSK3β may be the mediator of Cdk5 activity in kinesin-mediated axonal transport. (frontiersin.org)
  • Increasing the cAMP content of IM-9 cells alters the phosphorylation state and protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor. (anaspec.com)
  • Finally, we found that phospho-DARPP-32 inhibited the activity of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and that MCF-7 cells expressing phospho-DARPP-32 displayed less filopodia formation. (lu.se)
  • Long term ablation of protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated cardiac troponin I phosphorylation leads to excitation-contraction uncoupling and diastolic dysfunction in a knock-in mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (fsu.edu)
  • The cardiac troponin I (cTnI) R21C (cTnI-R21C) mutation has been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and renders cTnI incapable of phosphorylation by PKA in vivo. (fsu.edu)
  • In each kinase module, the upstream activator, a constitutively active mutant of MEK1 or MEKK1, was expressed from a low copy plasmid, while one or two downstream effector kinases were expressed from a high copy plasmid with different antibiotic resistance genes and origins of replication. (elsevierpure.com)
  • PKN1 is a stress-responsive protein kinase acting downstream of small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac family. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Likewise, activated p38 and α-stress-activated protein kinase could also be inactivated by either phosphatase, and α-stress- activated protein kinase was recognized by an antibody specific to the doubly phosphorylated forms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Regulation of protein phosphatase‐1G from rabbit/skeletal muscle: 1. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The family members have the highest homology in their kinase domains (53%-98% identical) and differ from most other protein kinases by the presence of the sequence S-I-N instead of A-P-E in kinase domain VIII. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a large-scale investigation on 3D structures, all of the experimental phosphorylation sites are mapped to the protein entries of Protein Data Bank by sequence identity. (ijbbb.org)
  • After the cross-validation evaluation, most of the kinase-specific models trained with the consideration of structural information outperform the models considering only the sequence information. (ijbbb.org)
  • The Chk1 kinase and its main upstream activator kinase, ATR, are essential checkpoint effectors in response to a wide variety of genotoxic tensions, and inhibit source firing by focusing on the replication kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) [21], while Chk2 and its main upstream activator ATM are primarily associated with the cellular response to double-strand DNA breaks [22]. (ampkpathway.com)
  • In order to investigate the part of MCM PGE1 ic50 proteins in the cellular response to DNA damage, we used shRNA focusing on MCM2 or MCM3 to determine the impact of the reduction in MCM complex within the DDR. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
  • The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
  • Reconstitution of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades in bacteria. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Reconstitution of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades in bacteria. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An overall aim of our research is to study the regulation and function of protein phosphorylation cascades that are important for the maintenance of a normal energy metabolism and that might be involved in the pathophysiological changes that ultimately lead to type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • The MATR3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called matrin 3, which is found in the nucleus of the cell as part of the nuclear matrix. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The nuclear matrix is a network of proteins that provides structural support for the nucleus and aids in several important nuclear functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Finally, we show that TTBK2 is also required for efficient phosphorylation of many S/T sites in CEP164 and provide evidence that TTBK2-induced phosphorylations of CEP164 modulate its function, which in turn seems relevant for the process of cilia formation. (muni.cz)
  • Efficient phosphorylation requires that PKA be anchored close to its targets by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Association of PKC beta 2 isoform with retinoblastoma protein was discovered in retinal endothelial cells , and PKC beta 2 isoform increased retinoblastoma phosphorylation under basal and VEGF -stimulated conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study ascribes a novel function to MMGL isoform 4: it meets all criteria for classification as an AKAP, and we show that is involved in the phosphorylation of cMyBPC as well as cTNI, hence MMGL is an important regulator of cardiac contractility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pim-2 Kinase Influences Regulatory T Cell Function and Stability by Mediating Foxp3 Protein N-terminal Phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Foxp3 protein is a component of several dynamic macromolecular regulatory complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our work on SIK2 will address if downregulation of this protein is a causative factor in development of obesity and insulin resistance. (lu.se)
  • Co-translocation of PKN1 and CamKIIδ to the SR/membrane fraction during sI correlated with phospholamban (PLB) Thr17 phosphorylation. (figshare.com)
  • In vivo PLB Thr17 phosphorylation, Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) expression and Junctophilin-2 (Jph2) expression were also basally increased in PKN1 KO hearts. (figshare.com)