Protein phosphorylation in biochemistry. Medical search. Frequent questions

We also found that chitin elicitor receptor kinase OsCERK1 and a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, the OsMKK4-OsMPK6 cascade, play essential roles in the elicitor-induced production of diterpenoid phytoalexins. (go.jp)
Reconstitution of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades in bacteria. (elsevierpure.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Reconstitution of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades in bacteria. (elsevierpure.com)
NIH-3T3 cells treated with the highly specific FTase inhibitor FTI-277 had no effect on PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation or PDGF activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at doses that completely inhibit FTase-dependent processing. (nyu.edu)

We have used specific inhibitors for farnesyltransferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) I as well as combinations of lovastatin with geranylgeraniol (GGOH) or farnesol (FOH) to investigate the role of protein prenylation in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. (nyu.edu)
In contrast, treatment of these cells with GGTase I inhibitor GGTI-298 strongly inhibited receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and co-treatment with FTI-277 had no additional effect. (nyu.edu)
Furthermore, although lovastatin, which inhibits both protein geranylgeranylation and protein farnesylation, blocked PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, co-treatment with GGOH, but not FOH, reversed the lovastatin block. (nyu.edu)
Further investigations indicated that inhibition of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation was not due to decreased expression of the receptor or to inhibition of GGTase II. (nyu.edu)
Thus, these results demonstrate that PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation requires protein geranylgeranylation but not protein farnesylation and that the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the receptor are modulated by a protein that is a substrate for GGTase I. (nyu.edu)
Src is responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation of CagA at its Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) variant C (EPIYA-C) motif in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells, resulting in binding of CagA to SHP-2 phosphatase. (elsevierpure.com)

We are using reverse genetics, biochemistry, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to understand how these putative signaling proteins affect the plant's resistance to bacterial pathogens. (missouri.edu)

We describe a statistical measure, Mass Distance Fingerprint, for automatic de novo detection of predominant peptide mass distances, i.e., putative protein mod- ifications. (lu.se)

In 1975, it was shown that cAMP-dependent proteins kinases phosphorylate serine residues on specific amino acid sequence motifs. (wikipedia.org)
Upon phosphorylation, a phosphate moiety is covalently attached to a hydroxyl (-OH) group of any of the three amino acids: Tyrosine (Y), Threonine (T) or Serine (S), which are the only 3 amino acids with a side chain containing hydroxyl. (iuhs.edu)
Multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins including site-specific phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues govern the accessibility of chromatin. (edu.sa)
Both are regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism involving a bifunctional serine/ threonine kinase and a pyrophosphorylase (PPDK regulatory protein, PDRP, and PEPS regulatory protein, PSRP, respectively). (scirp.org)

Coexpression of protein kinases with their substrates in bacteria is of great value in the preparation of numerous phosphoproteins, heretofore not possible in procaryotic expression systems. (elsevierpure.com)
These latter findings contrast similar studies with synthetic peptide substrates and highlight the value of investigation of protein kinase substrate selectivity with protein substrates. (johnshopkins.edu)
We also demonstrated that altering the intermediate amino acid did not alter the specificity of the regulatory proteins for their protein substrates. (scirp.org)

The multi-tasking talent MaxQuant accomplishes over night what used to take up to half a year to complete: With this software, scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry have developed a tool that can identify proteins faster and more accurately than any other technology. (mpg.de)

Protein phosphorylation is an important regulation of protein activity and function. (iuhs.edu)
We are currently (a) dissecting the signaling pathway(s) leading to this regulation of IRT1, and (b) defining the broader network of rapidly regulated PM proteins throughout the plant. (missouri.edu)
Regulation of neurabin I interaction with protein phosphatase 1 by phosphorylation. (cornell.edu)
Regulation appears to rely on a variable and dynamic interaction between mRNA target and ARE-specific binding proteins (AUBPs). (elsevierpure.com)
Shen, ZJ & Malter, JS 2015, ' Regulation of AU-rich element RNA binding proteins by phosphorylation and the prolyl isomerase Pin1 ', Biomolecules , vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 412-434. (elsevierpure.com)
Using antibodies, we demonstrated that the regulation of both Listeria monocytogenes PPDK and Escherichia coli PEP synthetase involves the phosphorylation of a threonine residue located close to the catalytic histidine residue. (scirp.org)
Inhibition of Cdk5 by olomoucine enhanced phosphorylation of kinesin, suggesting that the effect was mediated by negative regulation of other kinases. (frontiersin.org)
The protein - protein interaction (PPI) network analysis result showed that these PSPCs were mainly participated in the regulation of biosynthesis and metabolism , protein kinase activities, and transcription factors . (bvsalud.org)

The interconversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a was later described by Edmond Fischer and Edwin Krebs, as well as, Wosilait and Sutherland, involving a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation was considered a specific control mechanism for one metabolic pathway until the 1970s, when Lester Reed discovered that mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was inactivated by phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, phosphorylation is a universal regulatory mechanism that affects a large portion of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
However, the mechanism through which phosphorylation regulates the activity of PIF7 is unclear. (elifesciences.org)
These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response. (elifesciences.org)
These observations suggest a mechanism whereby CDK phosphorylation has the potential to down regulate eIF4A activity and thereby affect translation. (aber.ac.uk)
In plants the regulatory mechanism involves phosphorylation of a threonine residue that is separated by a single amino acid from the histidine residue that forms a phosphorylated intermediate during catalysis. (scirp.org)
Although details of the regulatory mechanism were elucidated in the middle 1980s the maize PPDK regulatory protein was not cloned until 2006 [9]. (scirp.org)

Reproduced, with permission, from B. Chance and G. R. Williams: Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation: the steady state. (equimount.com)

These phosphorylations play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways include a three-kinase cascade terminating in a MAP kinase family member. (elsevierpure.com)
We integrated the data on individual human phosphosites with the evidence on their corresponding kinases, the functional consequences of phosphorylation on activity of the target protein and corresponding pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
Our results show that there is a substantial fraction of phosphosites that can play critical roles in crosstalk between alternative and redundant pathways and regulatory outcome of phosphorylation can be linked to a type of phosphorylated residue. (elsevierpure.com)
The success of proteomics experiments, such as studies of protein function and cell signaling pathways, ultimately de- pends on how well the protein content in samples is identified and annotated. (lu.se)

Interestingly, immunoblot analyses with phospho-specific antibodies show augmented phosphorylation of cTnT-Thr 203 (28%) and decreased phosphorylation of cTnI-Ser 23/24 (41%) in mutant myocardium. (elsevierpure.com)

Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become either activated or deactivated, or otherwise modifying its function. (wikipedia.org)
RPA phosphorylation in mitosis alters DNA binding and protein-protein lnteractions. (nih.gov)

In yeast, about 120 kinases (out of ~6000 proteins total) cause 8814 known regulated phosphorylation events, generating about 3,600 phosphoproteins (about 60% of all yeast proteins). (wikipedia.org)
High-accuracy identification and bioinformatic analysis of in vivo protein phosphorylation sites in yeast. (mpg.de)
One of the first successful applications of the program was the quantification of all proteins in yeast cells: "Without MaxQuant we would not have been able to do this", Dr. Cox points out. (mpg.de)

Protein phosphatase 1 is able to catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphorylated enzymes by removing the phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of TaChi1 and TaP5CS, two plant immunity -related enzymes , were significantly changed upon CWMV infection , resulting in a significant decrease in CWMV accumulation in the infected plants . (bvsalud.org)

Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
Using expressed protein ligation, five unnatural tyrosine analogues (amino-phenylalanine, homo-tyrosine, 2-methyl-tyrosine, (αS,βR)-β-methyl-tyrosine, and 2,6-difluoro-tyrosine) were incorporated into Src in place of the natural tail tyrosine residue. (johnshopkins.edu)
We conclude that Vfphots act as BL receptors in guard cells and that phosphorylation of a Ser residue between LOV1 and LOV2 and subsequent 14-3-3 protein binding are likely to be key steps of BL response in stomata. (elsevierpure.com)

Phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is essential for normal cardiac function, since dephosphorylation of this protein leads to its degradation and has been associated with cardiomyopathy. (scirp.org)
Further characterization of Trp-14 using chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas indicated that substitution of D1 Trp-14 to Phe, mimicking Trp oxidation enhanced FtsH-mediated D1 degradation under high light, although the substitution did not affect protein stability and PSII activity. (elifesciences.org)
The work supports a role for chemical modification in the recognition and subsequent degradation of a key protein subunit of PSII by a bacterial-type protease, suggesting that tryptophan oxidation of components of the photosynthetic apparatus after high light stress plays a critical role in initiating the PSII repair system. (elifesciences.org)
phosphorylation of S970 restricts this activity resulting in AGO2-mediated mRNA degradation. (cdc.gov)
In summary, we provide evidence for a model whereby MOV10 phosphorylation facilitates AGO2 association with the 3'UTR of translating mRNAs that leads to their degradation. (cdc.gov)

Also in the 1970s, the term multisite phosphorylation was coined in response to the discovery of proteins that are phosphorylated on two or more residues by two or more kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Ray Erikson discovered that v-Src was a kinase and Tony Hunter found that v-Src phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins in the 1970s. (wikipedia.org)
A glutathione S-transferase (GST)-neurabin I fusion protein (residues 318-661) containing the putative PP1 binding domain (residues 456-460) inhibited PP1 activity (K(i) = 2.7 +/- 1.2 nM). (cornell.edu)
Phosphorylation of GST-neurabin I (residues 318-661) by PKA significantly reduced its binding to PP1 by overlay and by glutathione-Sepharose coprecipitation assays. (cornell.edu)
Molecular modeling of cTnT-ΔK210 structure reveals changes in the electrostatic environment of cTnT helix (residues 203-224) that lead to a more basic environment around Thr 203 , which may explain the enhanced PKC-dependent phosphorylation. (elsevierpure.com)

This MCAT Biochemistry Review Summary Page will draw your attention to the most important and helpful points and helps to understand vocabulary, definitions, and relationships in biochemistry. (mcat-prep.com)
In some respects, learning this "language" of biochemistry will decrease your need to memorize information and increase your understanding of MCAT Biochemistry content. (mcat-prep.com)
Unlike most undergraduate Biochemistry exams, MCAT Biochemistry is far more likely to ask reasoning questions than to ask for the intermediate or enzyme in a pathway that you are expected to review. (mcat-prep.com)
For a detailed list of MCAT Biochemistry topics see our MCAT topics list . (mcat-prep.com)
Download the Gold Standard MCAT Biochemistry Review Summary PDF or scroll down and click on an image below to view the summaries. (mcat-prep.com)
You can consider the following your MCAT Biochemistry cheat sheet (i.e. memory aid for quick reference, but obviously not to be used surreptitiously). (mcat-prep.com)
Unless mentioned otherwise, the following images are excerpts from the Gold Standard MCAT Biochemistry ebook. (mcat-prep.com)
New mcat biochemistry questions covered following topics. (cnet.com)

According to the histone code theory, PTMs recruit regulatory proteins or block their access to chromatin. (edu.sa)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are well-known covalent processing events that can affect virtually all aspects of the functionality and the signalling of a protein, influencing its folding, stability, localization, and binding partners. (mdpi.com)
Among PTMs, protein phosphorylation is the most extensively studied, and its role in signalling transduction is widely accepted, but hundreds of other modifications have been identified to date, and new ones are still under identification. (mdpi.com)
PTMs from this list in conjunction with a protein sequence and a few precursor masses. (lu.se)

In vivo, a phospho-null (APGR) variant of the Arabidopsis eIF4A1 protein retains the ability to functionally complement a mutant (eif4a1) plant line lacking eIF4A1, whereas a phosphomimetic (EPGR) variant fails to complement. (aber.ac.uk)
Abstract -Due to the high-throughput of mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics experiment, the desire to annotate the catalytic kinases for in vivo phosphorylation sites has motivated. (ijbbb.org)
This project includes in vitro and in vivo experiments, using human (large number of non-diabetic and diabetic individuals, vesll biopsies) and animal (GIPR KO, Ins2Akita and STZ-induced diabetic mice) materials and well-equipped facilities for molecular biology (high-throughput genotyping platform, Mass Array-Sequenom, Taqman), biochemistry (multiplex), histology (confocal imaging, EM) and functional blood pressure microvascular function, GFR) studies. (lu.se)

Currently he is working in the area of protein structure, function, protein misfolding / aggregation and amyloid induction and inhibition at Aligarh Muslim University. (eurekaselect.com)
Cellular studies with O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino) purine demonstrated inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth and target protein phosphorylation, consistent with CDK1 and CDK2 inhibition. (rcsb.org)
Inhibition of Cdk5 resulted in dephosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser9 site on GSK3β and an increase of activating phosphorylation at Tyr216. (frontiersin.org)

He joined the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1974 and moved through the ranks to his current title. (eurekaselect.com)

To uncover new subsets of signaling candidates, my laboratory has developed complementary proteomic approaches to identify proteins undergoing phosphorylation in Arabidopsis within minutes after the application of microbial elicitors. (missouri.edu)

Prior to that, her PhD in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology was at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London. (keele.ac.uk)
In your first year, your modules give you an insight into various biological and chemical disciplines, including biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, microbiology and physiology. (kent.ac.uk)
Dr. Marchese has had a long-standing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (mcw.edu)
Research in the Marchese lab is directed towards understanding the molecular mechanisms governing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. (mcw.edu)
The main aim of our research is to understand the molecular details and physiological roles of the multitude of water channel-like proteins present in plants and animals. (lu.se)

In 1906, Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research identified phosphate in the protein vitellin (phosvitin), and by 1933 had detected phosphoserine in casein, with Fritz Lipmann. (wikipedia.org)

Alternative splicing multiplies the number of possible proteins generated from a single pre-mRNA and therefore is one of the most abundant mechanisms to control protein expression and function posttranscriptionally. (fu-berlin.de)

However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered. (wikipedia.org)
These studies have revealed that 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated forms of their client proteins in response to certain signals, and that this binding finalizes the signaling event by enabling a change in the subcellular localization, protein stability or intrinsic enzymatic activity of the client, or by promoting an association between the client and other proteins. (elifesciences.org)

Even if a protein is not phosphorylated itself, its interactions with other proteins may be regulated by phosphorylation of these interacting proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The work represents the first successful iterative synthesis of a potent CDK inhibitor based on the structure of fully activated CDK2-cyclin A. Furthermore, the potency of O(6)-cyclohexylmethyl-2-(4'- sulfamoylanilino)purine was both predicted and fully rationalized on the basis of protein-ligand interactions. (rcsb.org)

Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. (elifesciences.org)

Stevenson NJ, Ryan EJ, Keogh CA, Lloyd AT, Cormican P, Hegarty JE, O'Farrelly C. , Hepatitis C virus (HCV) regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein expression to escape interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) responses. (tcd.ie)
Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)

In the early 1980, the amino-acid sequence of the first protein kinase was determined which helped geneticists understand the functions of regulatory genes. (wikipedia.org)
Many researches are undertaken to develop a computational method for the identification of kinase-specific phosphorylation sites using linear amino acid sequences. (ijbbb.org)

In addition, we found that in silico phosphorylation of sites with similar functional consequences has comparable outcomes on a target protein stability. (elsevierpure.com)

Altered phosphorylation of CREB phosphopeptide, a substrate of GSK3β, suggested that GSK3β may be the mediator of Cdk5 activity in kinesin-mediated axonal transport. (frontiersin.org)

Collectively, our observations suggest that cardiomyopathy-causing ΔK210 has far-reaching effects influencing cTnI-cTnT binding and posttranslational modifications of key sarcomeric proteins. (elsevierpure.com)

Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
Cellular fate depends on the spatiotemporal separation and integration of signaling processes that can be provided by phosphorylation events. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we identify the crucial points in signaling crosstalk that can be triggered by discrete phosphorylation events on a single target protein. (elsevierpure.com)

By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we identified this protein to be cMyBP-C. These data were confirmed by immunostaining using the p-PKD-Ser744/748 antibody, which displayed a striated pattern similar to the one observ ed for a regular cMyBP-C antibody. (scirp.org)
It enables scientists for the first time to detect and compare the whole protein inventory of cells simultaneously - prerequisite is, that the proteins are first labelled with stable isotopes and then detected by mass spectrometry (MS). As a result of the MS analysis of the proteins present in cells or tissues, researchers often get several hundred thousands of peaks which then have to be attributed to certain proteins. (mpg.de)
Researchers at the MPI of Biochemistry, together with collaborating partners, have discovered the first proteomic subtype of an aggressive blood cancer known as acute myeloid leukemia by using mass spectrometry technology. (mpg.de)

Kaniyappan S , Balaji V, Wang Y, Mandelkow E . Microfluidic Chamber Technology to Study Missorting and Spreading of Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. (neurotree.org)
Wegmann S , Biernat J, Mandelkow E . A current view on Tau protein phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. (neurotree.org)

We suggest that protein kinase C can elicit the phosphorylation and functional inactivation of alpha-Gi in intact hepatocytes. (strath.ac.uk)
These approaches promise to enable researchers to assess, on a large scale, both expression level and functional state of the proteins that carry out most functions in a cell. (lu.se)

Drepper F, Biernat J, Kaniyappan S, Meyer HE, Mandelkow EM , Warscheid B, Mandelkow E . A combinatorial native MS and LC-MS/MS approach reveals high intrinsic phosphorylation of human Tau but minimal levels of other key modifications. (neurotree.org)
PSII core complex is formed by two reaction center proteins D1 (PsbA) and D2 (PsbD), along with intrinsic antenna CP43 (PsbC) and CP47 (PsbB). (elifesciences.org)
Annotation of Selaginella moellendorffii major intrinsic proteins and the evolution of the protein family in terrestrial plants. (lu.se)
Phylogeny of major intrinsic proteins. (lu.se)

Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. (elifesciences.org)
In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of phosphorylation and its impact on conformation of the AUBPs, interaction with ARE mRNAs and highlight the role of Pin1 mediated prolyl cis-trans isomerization in these biological process. (elsevierpure.com)
Here we show that this interaction occurs only in proliferating cells where the two proteins co-associate with 5'-cap-binding protein complexes, eIF4F or the plant specific eIFiso4F. (aber.ac.uk)
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is considered to be one of the main processes that decides the outcome of the plant -pathogen arms race during this interaction. (bvsalud.org)
S970 is positioned C-terminal to the defined MOV10-AGO2 interaction site and is proximal to a disordered region that likely modulates AGO2 interaction with target mRNAs upon phosphorylation. (cdc.gov)

Silencing of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)α, a VacA receptor, reduced VacA-induced Src phosphorylation. (elsevierpure.com)
Calculations indicated, however, that CD4/pMHC II binding would increase rates of T-cell receptor (TCR) complex phosphorylation by threefold via the recruitment of Lck, with only a small, 2-20% increase in the effective affinity of the TCR for pMHC II. (lu.se)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called the lamin B receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
During cholesterol synthesis, the sterol reductase function of the lamin B receptor allows the protein to perform one of several steps that convert a molecule called lanosterol to cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)

Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. (wikipedia.org)

MOCA incubation resulted in an initial transient decrease in histone phosphorylation followed by stimulation. (cdc.gov)
A recent plasma membrane (PM) proteomics analysis in our lab revealed a number of proteins that rapidly decrease within one hour of the plants perception of a bacterial pathogen. (missouri.edu)
A 35-fold decrease in inhibitory potency was also observed using a S461E mutant, which mimics phosphorylation of S461. (cornell.edu)
Analysis of cardiac myofibrils isolated from ΔK210 hearts identified a decrease in phosphorylation of cTnI (46%), cTnT (30%) and MyBP-C (32%) compared with wild-type controls. (elsevierpure.com)

An important role of phosphorylation sites in biological crosstalk is evident from the analysis of their evolutionary conservation. (elsevierpure.com)

Cite:Min-Gang Su, Kai-Yao Huang, Chi-Hua Tung, and Tzong-Yi Lee, 'A New Scheme to Predict Kinase-Specific Phosphorylation Sites on Protein Three-Dimensional Structures,' International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 473-478, 2013. (ijbbb.org)
International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. (ijbbb.org)

Challenging AZ-521 cells with wild-type H. pylori induced phosphorylation of CagA, but this did not occur when challenged with a vacA gene-disrupted mutant strain. (elsevierpure.com)
CagA phosphorylation was observed in cells infected with a vacA gene-disrupted mutant strain after addition of purified VacA, suggesting that VacA is required for H. pylori-induced CagA phosphorylation. (elsevierpure.com)

One of the upstream kinases, which phosphorylate cMyBP-C, is protein kinase D (PKD). (scirp.org)

PHOSIDA (phosphorylation site database): management, structural and evolutionary investigation, and prediction of phosphosites. (mpg.de)
With an increasing interest in the structural environment of protein phosphorylation sites, herein, a new scheme has been developed for identifying kinase-specific phosphorylation sites on protein three-dimensional (3D) structures. (ijbbb.org)

In Arabidopsis , the shade-induced de-phosphorylation of the transcription factor PIF7 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7) is the key event linking light perception to stem elongation. (elifesciences.org)

Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release are typically achieved by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Bax and Bak. (nature.com)

Our results indicate that phosphorylation modification of protein plays a critical role in wheat resistance to CWMV infection . (bvsalud.org)
The method can be used for automated detection of chemical/post- translational modifications, quality control of experiments and labelling approaches, and to control the modification settings of protein identification tools. (lu.se)

Vfphots (Vfphot1a and Vfphot1b) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and phosphorylation sites were determined to be Ser-358 for Vfphot1a and Ser-344 for Vfphot1b, which are localized between LOV1 and LOV2. (elsevierpure.com)

For example, in certain circumstances polypeptides are considered monomers and they may bond non-covalently to form dimers (i.e. higher orders of protein structure). (mcat-prep.com)

phosphorylation of Tyr216 can enhance enzyme activity, and conversely phosphorylation of Ser9 is inhibitory. (frontiersin.org)
Upon CWMV infection , wheat plants will regulate the levels of extra- and intra-cellular signals and modifications of enzyme activities via protein phosphorylation . (bvsalud.org)

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is one of the proteins that make up the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes. (scirp.org)
Barefield, D. and Sadayappan, S. (2010) Phosphorylation and function of cardiac myosin-binding protein c in health and disease. (scirp.org)
Schlossarek, S., Mearini, G. and Carrier, L. (2011) Cardiac myosin-binding protein c in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. (scirp.org)
Considerable evidence supports the proposition that phosphorylation of cardiac sarcomeric proteins is a key modulator of function and may exacerbate the effect of the deletion. (elsevierpure.com)

The significance of the MaxQuant software, therefore, is that it will considerably facilitate the process of identifying cellular proteins and promises substantial progress in proteomics in the future. (mpg.de)
Researchers led by Matthias Mann at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Biochemistry developed a new approach to proteomics that enables the long-awaited single-cell resolution on intact tissue. (mpg.de)
The need to keep track of protein modifications is readily recognized by the proteomics community, and few repositories of known peptide modifications have been created. (lu.se)

Phosphorylation of both Vfphots and H + -ATPase showed similar sensitivity to BL and were similarly suppressed by protein kinase and flavoprotein inhibitors. (elsevierpure.com)

Hochmair J, Exner C, Betzel C, Mandelkow E , Wegmann S . Light Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering to Study Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Tau Proteins In Vitro. (neurotree.org)
This fusion protein was also rapidly phosphorylated in vitro by PKA (K(m) = 6 microM) to a stoichiomtry of 1 mol/mol. (cornell.edu)
In vitro kinase assays indicate that ΔK210 increases phosphorylation propensity of cTnT-Thr 203 three-fold, without changing cTnI-Ser 23/24 phosphorylation. (elsevierpure.com)

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the first protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) was purified and the discovery, as well as, cloning of JAK kinases was accomplished which led to many in the scientific community to name the 1990s as the decade of protein kinase cascades. (wikipedia.org)

In stomatal guard cells, genetic analysis has revealed that phototropins mediate activation of the plasma membrane H + -ATPase by phosphorylation and drive stomatal opening. (elsevierpure.com)

Alterations of histone phosphorylation in rat spleen cells after treatment with the aromatic amine, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy26

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