• Transgenic mice expressing Zbtb20 in the liver were generated and crossed onto the Zbtb20 knockout background, which resulted in no significant normalization of growth or glucose metabolism but a significant increase in life span compared to controls. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effect of the Paleolithic diet with other types of diets on glucose and insulin homeostasis in subjects with altered glucose metabolism. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we report the establishment, characterization and use of a vertebrate 'insulin-free' model to identify insulin-independent modulators of glucose metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
  • The stimulatory G protein G(s)α is required in melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells for normal energy balance, thermogenesis, and glucose metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The soaring incidence of obesity and diabetes has renewed and substantiated interest on cardiac metabolism, in particular, the glucose and lipids metabolism, in the ischemic and failing hearts. (nih.gov)
  • 3) To test the hypothesis that defective BCAA catabolism accelerates the development of heart failure during chronic stress by impairing glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
  • Our data support the novel concept that barr2 deficiency promotes beiging of WAT and improves whole body glucose metabolism, most likely by promoting signaling through adipocyte β-adrenergic receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Named for their ability to increase serum glucose, glucocorticoids have important roles in modifying carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism as well as numerous other physiologic functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with alterations of carbohydrate absorption, fat and protein metabolism. (intechopen.com)
  • to ascertain the contribution of locally expressed resistin on glucose metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
  • We have recently found that obesity-mediated inflammation is associated with M1 polarization of macrophages and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and their deleterious effects on skeletal muscle insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. (umassmed.edu)
  • Based on these findings, we have recently generated mice with conditional deletion of Grp78 in myeloid cells (Lyz-Grp78-/-), and Lyz-Grp78-/- mice are shown to be protected from obesity-mediated insulin resistance, and the underlying mechanism involves upregulation of ATF-4 and other UPR elements with increased alternatively-activated (M2) macrophages, resulting in increased insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. (umassmed.edu)
  • Using antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, and ovariectomy, we are investigating the underlying mechanism of gender-selective effects of altered gut microbiota on energy homeostasis and metabolism. (umassmed.edu)
  • Therefore, AdipoR1 and R2 serve as the predominant receptors for adiponectin in vivo and play important roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Glucose metabolism during embryo development, particularly studying the molecular basis of failure to maintain glucose homeostasis. (lister-institute.org.uk)
  • The protein enhances insulin sensitivity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism, suggesting that adiponectin may have a role in preventing atherosclerosis, in addition to its beneficial impact on glucose and lipid homeostasis, and that improving levels of adiponectin could represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of diabetes. (the-scientist.com)
  • Upregulated genes were primarily involved in the splicing and processing of RNA and the unfolded protein response pathway, while downregulated genes were associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism, and generation of precursor metabolites for energy production. (nih.gov)
  • Changes in genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were also observed which could explain pyrazole-induced glycogen depletion and decreased serum glucose. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, our data elucidate the mechanism through which gut microbiota manipulation ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism in AD, finally delaying the disease progression. (nih.gov)
  • The receptor is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis by bile acids as well as glucose metabolism. (indigobiosciences.com)
  • We discuss the implications of ER stress in metabolic disorders by reviewing evidence implicating ER phenotypes and organelle communication, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammation as key mechanisms in the development of ER stress and metabolic dysfunction. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • However, challenges to proteostasis also impact lipid and glucose metabolism and vice versa. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • The idea goes like this: glucagon is the opposite of insulin, and if they're released together, as they are when you eat a high-protein meal, then their effects on blood sugar , on hunger , and on fat metabolism cancel one another out in a way that they would not following a carbohydrate-heavy meal. (blogspot.com)
  • Zbtb20 knockout mice displayed abnormal glucose homeostasis, hormonal responses, and depletion of energy stores, consistent with an energetic deficit. (nih.gov)
  • We explored whether and how noise exposure affects glucose homeostasis in mice as the initial step toward T2DM development. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorylation of Forkhead Protein FoxO1 at S253 Regulates Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. (tamu.edu)
  • Here, we investigated the role of FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation in control of glucose homeostasis in vivo by generating global FoxO1-S253A/A knockin mice, in which FoxO1-S253 alleles were replaced with alanine (A substitution) blocking FoxO1-S253 phosphorylation. (tamu.edu)
  • FoxO1-S253A/A mice displayed mild increases in feeding blood glucose and insulin levels but decreases in fasting blood glucose and glucagon concentrations, as well as a reduction in the ratio of pancreatic -cells/-cells per islet. (tamu.edu)
  • FoxO1-S253A/A mice exhibited a slight increase in energy expenditure but barely altered food intake and glucose uptake among tissues. (tamu.edu)
  • To address the role of EETs in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, we used mice with targeted gene deletion of sEH (Ephx2-null mice) and a subsequent study with a selective sEH inhibitor. (nih.gov)
  • Gsα Deficiency in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Enhances Leptin Sensitivity and Improves Glucose Homeostasis in Mice on a High-Fat Diet. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, adipo-barr2 KO mice maintained on a high-fat diet showed reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
  • Small molecule inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A in vivo does not disrupt glucose homeostasis in mice. (utah.edu)
  • Here we demonstrate that in normal mice resistin delivered in the lateral cerebral ventricle increased endogenous glucose production during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, consistent with induction of hepatic insulin resistance. (jneurosci.org)
  • The effects of central resistin on glucose production as well as hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines were abrogated in mice lacking NPY. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we show that adenovirus-mediated expression of AdipoR1 and R2 in the liver of Lepr −/− mice increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α signaling pathways, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. (nature.com)
  • Intravenous injection of recombinant visfatin in mice decreased plasma glucose in a dose-dependent fashion. (prospecbio.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that probiotics oral administration improves glucose uptake in 3xTg-AD mice by restoring the brain expression levels of key glucose transporters (GLUT3, GLUT1) and insulin-like growth factor receptor β, in accordance with the diminished phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and protein-kinase B (Akt). (nih.gov)
  • Blood glucose (BG) levels of STZ-treated mice in insulin tolerance test (ITT) and BG and insulin levels of HFD-fed mice in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were investigated. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
  • In the HFD-fed mice, we confirmed that the orally administered RRK extract lowered the BG and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
  • The observation that, besides these known genes, some of unknown functions also decreased in diseased mice prompted us to further investigate β- galactosidase (Glb)-1-like protein 3 (Glb1l3) in the retina. (molvis.org)
  • We herein demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J ( Ptprj ) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons together with leptin receptors, and that PTPRJ negatively regulates leptin signaling by inhibiting the activation of JAK2, the primary tyrosine kinase in leptin signaling, through the dephosphorylation of Y813 and Y868 in JAK2 autophosphorylation sites. (nature.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in maintaining proper glucose and energy homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP are related peptides that target G-protein coupled receptors with effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Activation of certain G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in adipose tissue has been reported to have beneficial effects on whole body glucose homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • GPR119 is a member of the rhodopsin subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (rndsystems.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a family of proteins containing seven transmembrane helices, with the N- and C-terminus of the protein located at the extracellular space and cytosol, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
  • The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • Figure 4: Targeted disruption of Adipor1 results in increased glucose production, whereas that of Adipor2 results in decreased glucose uptake. (nature.com)
  • Most significantly, we uncovered an insulin-independent beneficial role for androgen receptor antagonism in hyperglycemia, mostly by reducing fasting glucose levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • Impaired glucose tolerance in the absence of adenosine A1 receptor signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This receptor is activated by lipid amides including lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide and may be involved in glucose homeostasis. (rndsystems.com)
  • Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) modulates lipid and glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • However, visfatin and insulin did not compete for binding to the insulin receptor, indicating that the two proteins were recognized by different regions of the receptor. (prospecbio.com)
  • This protein, which acts through the leptin receptor, functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. (nih.gov)
  • Participants included patients with diabetes receiving metformin who were then additionally prescribed either a sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4I), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2I), or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) for the first time and followed-up over a 5-year monitoring period. (bvsalud.org)
  • In collaboration with Dr. Lee Eiden's laboratory she also established cAMP sensor cell lines expressing individual G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) as a means of high throughput methodology for assessing individual GPCR function to guide drug screening. (nih.gov)
  • This leads us to hypothesize that the metabolic homeostasis of glucose and BCAA is achieved via a reciprocal regulatory circuit involving Klf15 and insulin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
  • In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I, also known as von Gierke disease, is a group of inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorders of the glucose-6- phosphatase system which helps maintain glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • It binds to and promotes the translation of multiple proteins involved in cellular growth and survival pathways including the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and various metabolic enzymes. (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • Pathways modulating glucose homeostasis independently of insulin would open new avenues to combat insulin resistance and diabetes. (elifesciences.org)
  • 4. Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Hepatic Glucose Production in Primary Hepatocytes via Downregulating PKA Signaling Pathways and Transcriptional Factor FoxO1. (nih.gov)
  • AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multifunctional kinase that negatively regulates the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, two signaling pathways linked to pain promotion after injury, such as surgical incision. (aspetjournals.org)
  • During the past few years, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)-sensitive designer GPCRs have emerged as valuable new tools to dissect the in vivo roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in specific cell types or tissues. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. (alliedacademies.org)
  • His work at the NIH has focused on stimulus-secretion-synthesis coupling, characterization of the vesicular and secretory proteins mediating chemically coded neurotransmission, including chromogranin A, VMAT1, VMAT2, and VAChT and signaling pathways underlying neuropeptide-mediated stress responses. (nih.gov)
  • Enables protein kinase B binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Our work focused on whether direct or indirect AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators would show greater efficacy for inhibiting incisional pain, and we also tested for potential sex differences. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The potential importance of barr1 and barr2 in regulating adipocyte function and whole body glucose homeostasis remains unexplored. (nih.gov)
  • Kugler will use a novel approach to genetically remove the protein Drp1 in skeletal muscle to further understand how mechanistically this protein regulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and whole body glucose homeostasis. (umb.edu)
  • GPCR signaling is modulated by proteins of the β-arrestin family (barr1 and barr2), which can terminate GPCR signaling and/or mediate GPCR-independent signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Several, albeit not all, studies suggested that the consumption of the Paleolithic diet might improve glucose tolerance, decrease insulin secretion, and increase insulin sensitivity. (mdpi.com)
  • The transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a key mediator in the insulin signaling pathway and controls multiple physiological functions, including hepatic glucose production (HGP) and pancreatic -cell function. (tamu.edu)
  • Skeletal muscle represents the major body store of protein, and can become substantially atrophied under conditions of chronic inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have previously found that this protein is highly active in skeletal muscle from obese insulin-resistant humans. (umb.edu)
  • Visfatin exerts insulin-mimetic effects that are dose-dependent and quantitatively similar to those of insulin in stimulating muscle and adipocyte glucose transport, and in inhibiting hepatocyte glucose production. (prospecbio.com)
  • Using a mouse model with cardiac specific overexpression of insulin independent glucose transporter GLUT1 (GLUT1-TG) we have generated exciting preliminary data demonstrating that increased intracellular glucose down regulates BCAA catabolism through transcriptional mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • This protein may also be involved in other intracellular processes including proteolysis, nerve regeneration, autophagy and glucose homeostasis. (biogenex.com)
  • Glucocorticoids elicit the atrophy of muscle by increasing the rate of protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy lysosome system. (frontiersin.org)
  • In these cells, ER stress is a distinct, transient state of functional imbalance, which is usually resolved by the activation of adaptive programs such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), or autophagy. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the final noise exposure (1DPN, 1WPN, and 1MPN). (nih.gov)
  • To compare the effects of two calorie-restricted diets that differ in glycemic load (GL) on glucose tolerance and inflammation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Impairment of BCAA catabolism in the heart due to the deletion of mitochondrial localized protein phosphatase 2C (PP2Cm), a key enzyme in activating BCAA catabolism, exacerbates cardiac responses to stress suggesting an important role of BCAA catabolism for cardiac response to stress. (nih.gov)
  • The biogenesis, regulation and genetic deficiencies of the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase proteins. (lister-institute.org.uk)
  • [ 1 ] In 1952, Cori and Cori demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency was a cause of GSD type I. (medscape.com)
  • We have recently analyzed the topology of a transmembrane protein called TM4SF20 (transmembrane 4 L6 family member 20). (elifesciences.org)
  • To search for other proteins that may undergo RAT, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to identify proteins that contain a GXXXN motif in their first transmembrane helix. (elifesciences.org)
  • This analysis revealed that ~100 transmembrane proteins, most of which are GPCRs, met our searching criteria ( Table 1-source data 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Reported immunomodulation in experimental animals exposed to PFOA and PFOS has included altered inflammatory responses, production of cytokines and other proteins, reduced lymphoid organ weights, and altered antibody synthesis. (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of inflammation, mobilized protein is critical for the rapid synthesis of acute phase reactants and an efficient immune response to infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protein synthesis is also suppressed at the level of translational initiation, preventing the production of new myofibrillar protein. (frontiersin.org)
  • In response to stress in the form of perceived danger or acute inflammation, glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal gland, rapidly mobilizing energy from carbohydrate, fat and protein stores. (frontiersin.org)
  • Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein secreted by adipocytes in rodents and macrophages in humans, and implicated in insulin resistance and inflammation ( Mojiminiyi and Abdella, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • A large number of studies have focused on the shift of substrate preference between glucose and fatty acids in the development of heart diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Zbtb20 is a member of the POK family of proteins, which function primarily as transcriptional repressors via interactions mediated by their conserved C(2)H(2) Krüppel type zinc finger and BTB/POZ domains. (nih.gov)
  • The balance between food intake and energy expenditure has a direct influence on body weight, and the disruption of this energy homeostasis causes obesity. (nature.com)
  • it regulates energy homeostasis through the inactivation of orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related neuropeptide (AGRP) neurons and activation of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) 6 . (nature.com)
  • Effects of deficiency of the G protein Gsα on energy and glucose homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Glucocorticoids are highly conserved fundamental regulators of energy homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • One of the most profound challenges to mammalian energy homeostasis is acute infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Endogenous glucocorticoids are one of the most primitive regulators of energy homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • We hypothesized that central resistin administration regulates glucose fluxes through hypothalamic neuropeptides which mediate energy and glucose homeostasis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Based on these results and previous evidence concerning the regulation of Cyp2a5, we have identified several pathophysiological changes including altered energy homeostasis, hyperbilirubinemia, ER stress, and altered redox status that are associated with CYP2A5 overexpression and may represent potential stimuli for the induction of Cyp2a5. (nih.gov)
  • This sustains the brain, which has an absolute requirement for glucose (though it can derive some energy from ketones). (blogspot.com)
  • Protein stimulates insulin release as much as carbohydrate does (because one of insulin's jobs is to send amino acids into lean tissues such as muscle), but protein doesn't supply rapid glucose like carbohydrate does. (blogspot.com)
  • What we see right away is that high-protein foods frequently stimulate insulin to a similar, sometimes even greater, degree than high-carbohydrate foods, calorie for calorie. (blogspot.com)
  • Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, over 100 genes involved in the cellular stress response were upregulated by pyrazole treatment, including genes involved in the unfolded protein response and redox status. (nih.gov)
  • GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. (alliedacademies.org)
  • To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. (nih.gov)
  • Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, the proteins that transport zinc likely facilitate cell signaling processes that contribute to glycemic control in peripheral tissues by modulating cytosolic zinc concentrations. (hindawi.com)
  • 12. Mechanisms of glucose-induced expression of pancreatic-derived factor in pancreatic beta-cells. (nih.gov)
  • Pancreatic β-cells are essential for secreting insulin to regulate glucose homeostasis. (phys.org)
  • Leptin has also been implicated in the regulation of reproduction, glucose homeostasis, bone formation, wound healing and the immune system. (nih.gov)
  • However, knockout or inhibition of sEH activity resulted in a significant decrease in plasma glucose. (nih.gov)
  • The ROS produced at very early stages of the stress response act as signaling molecules activating defense mechanisms, whereas those produced at later stages in an uncontrolled way are detrimental to plant cells by damaging lipids, DNA, and proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • We are studying a protein called Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (Drp1), which regulates mitochondrial quality and function. (umb.edu)
  • The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, and our recently published work showed that GRP78 modulates unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER homeostasis. (umassmed.edu)
  • [ 2 ] In 1978, Narisawa et al proposed that a transport defect of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into the microsomal compartment may be present in some patients with GSD type I. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebral glucose homeostasis deregulation has a role in the pathogenesis and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we investigated the expression of the gene encoding β-galactosidase (Glb)-1-like protein 3 (Glb1l3), a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family, during retinal degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific 65-kDa protein knockout ( Rpe65 −/− ) mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). (molvis.org)