Protein molecular glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
If you're managing type 2 diabetes, you'll need to work with your doctor to identify a treatment approach that supports your individual goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Treatment of type 2 diabetes is not limited to the occasional visit to the doctor: It includes important types of self-care in addition to regular medical care from doctors and other healthcare providers, such as dietitians and mental health professionals. (everydayhealth.com)
The latest updates about care for type 2 diabetes can be found in the American Diabetes Association's 2023 Standards of Medical Care , which lists treatment guidelines related to diabetes, complications, new technology, and more. (everydayhealth.com)
Can Berberine Help Prevent or Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
What Medications Are Used to Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
Many people with type 2 diabetes start with the oral drug metformin (Glucophage) to help meet their blood sugar level goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Are There Any New Type 2 Diabetes Drugs on the Horizon? (everydayhealth.com)
Sulfonylurea drugs have also been used for many years to help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar. (everydayhealth.com)
These medicines are especially useful among people with type 2 diabetes who are at risk of low blood sugar or lactic acidosis. (everydayhealth.com)
The actions of the proteins that control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc, the zinc transporters, are under intense investigation due to their emerging role in type 2 diabetes. (hindawi.com)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is largely associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The quantitative understanding of this dynamic system under normal conditions is essential to the future understanding of the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and its subsequent progression to Type 2 diabetes. (edu.au)
The gene is mapped to chromosome 20q12-q13.1, a region that has been shown to be linked to type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
None of the variants were associated with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
These results suggest that variation in the coding region of SLC2A10 does not contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the examined study population. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mutation in ZnT8 has been associated with type 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, in type 2 diabetes, resistance of the effect of insulin is predominant. (scirp.org)
The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)
It has been shown that there appears to be a complex interrelationship between zinc and type 1 and 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
We consider how, over the last 20 years, advances in genetic engineering and cell culture techniques have improved the efficiency and efficacy of the transdifferentiation process and brought us closer to a clinically relevant therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). (silverchair.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of the cases of diabetes. (ddw-online.com)
This altered glucose metabolism state is associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM (Figure 1), although other parameters including excess adiposity, inflammation and dyslipidemia are risk factors associated with the development of insulin resistance, loss of pancreatic function, worsening of hyperglycemia and progression to diabetes (1). (ddw-online.com)
Type 2 diabetics, but also prediabetics, are at increased risk for a wide range of debilitating diseases and diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of kidney failure and blindness and of nontraumatic lower limb amputation. (ddw-online.com)
Despite beneficial effects of current glucose-lowering treatments, disease-related morbidity and mortality remain considerable in T2DM patients, galvanising the search for innovative medications that target the multiple metabolic abnormalities as well as inflammatory processes and other pathways predisposing to diabetes-associated disorders. (ddw-online.com)
We aimed to determine whether chemerin reduces vascular insulin signaling and whether there is interplay between chemerin/ChemR23, insulin resistance, and vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (gla.ac.uk)
Overview of clinically approved oral antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. (sciencebiology.org)
cell failure in type 2 diabetes. (sciencebiology.org)
2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa Di Indonesia. (sciencebiology.org)
These findings show that CIG can improve the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of HFD-STZ-induced diabetic mice through the PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway, and CIG might be a potential medicine or functional food for type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies. (rsc.org)
Metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, represent major health risks in industrialized countries. (aspetjournals.org)
Our findings suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. (aspetjournals.org)
Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal microbiota for its development. (biomedcentral.com)
In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientific evidence suggests increased inflammatory stress is related to molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and the intestinal microbiota interacts with environmental factors and susceptible genetic factors, contributing to the development of diabetes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our aim is to clarify the currently described effects of probiotics in the prevention and management of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
Exosomes have previously been associated with a number of endocrine disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, disorders of the reproductive system and cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that dapagliflozin is a safe and effective method for treating type 2 diabetes. (abmole.com)
Tianagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that may be used in studies related to type 2 diabetes. (abmole.com)
JP-2266 is a dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor that can be used in studies related to diabetes. (abmole.com)
Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes. (wiley.com)
Transgenic mice in which Hnf6 expression is maintained in postnatal islets ( pdx1 PB Hnf6 ) show overt diabetes and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at weaning. (diabetesjournals.org)
Failure to maintain an optimal circulating blood glucose concentration results in diabetes, a disease with varying etiologies. (diabetesjournals.org)
It is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.As a direct result, this prevents blood glucose from being reabsorbed by the kidneys, and the amount of sugar in the bloodstream is.It is similar to canagliflozin (Invokana) and empagliflozin (Jardiance). (tropicsa.com)
Defects in glucose transport have been linked to metabolic disorders, insulin resistance and diabetes. (preprints.org)
Globally, about one in eleven adults have diabetes, and 90% of whom are diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (frontiersin.org)
Nowadays, therapeutic regimes for diabetes and DCM include several clinical managements, involving lifestyle modifications (diet and exercise), glucose and lipid control (antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs), hypertension treatment, and coronary artery diseases intervention. (frontiersin.org)
is an intermediate, possibly transitional, state between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus that becomes more common with aging. (msdmanuals.com)
Data-driven subgroups of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the relationship with cardiovascular diseases at genetic and clinical levels in Chinese adults. (cdc.gov)
Association of Met420del Variant of Metformin Transporter Gene SLC22A1 with Metformin Treatment Response in Ethiopian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (cdc.gov)
The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. (cdc.gov)
RS3480 Polymorphism of FNDC5/Irisin Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Maya-Mestizo Women. (cdc.gov)

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, CIG can significantly enhance the expression level of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway related proteins in skeletal muscle, which is the key pathway of insulin metabolism. (rsc.org)
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
This important study describes the protective role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in tissue physiology and contributes to immunity, inflammatory pathology, and metabolism in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)
Impaired insulin secretion and free radical formation are the initial events triggering the development of insulin resistance and its causal relations with dysregulation of glucose and fatty acids metabolism. (wiley.com)
The peptide hormone insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and acts to regulate cellular metabolism and growth by facilitating glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings indicate that similarities with erythropoietin regulation extend to the oxygen-dependent regulation of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes but not to the regulation of mitochondrial transcripts, and they show that in glucose metabolism regulation by this system is isoenzyme- or isoform-specific. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecular Metabolism. (wur.nl)
Liver-enriched nuclear receptor (NR) proteins regulate the expression and activity of several pivotal hepatic biochemical pathways including the uptake, metabolism and excretion of cholesterol, bile acids, glucose, and xenobiotic compounds from the body. (ku.edu)
Studies on post-translational modification of PXR indicate how this protein is converted from a positive regulator in drug metabolism into a transcriptional repressor in inflammatory response. (ku.edu)
Association of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 rs1746661 single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced brain glucose metabolism in elderly humans. (cdc.gov)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

insulin resistance state affecting GLUT4 translocation which is important in affecting glucose uptake. (sciencebiology.org)
Some research shows that plant extract proved to be potential in increasing the translocation of GLUT4 and helping lowering blood glucose levels. (sciencebiology.org)
Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. (sciencebiology.org)
Stimulation of GLUT4 Glucose Uptake by Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in C2C12 Cells. (sciencebiology.org)
Evidence for defects in the trafficking and translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters in skeletal muscle as a cause of human insulin resistance. (sciencebiology.org)
The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter. (sciencebiology.org)
Mulberry Leaf Extract Stimulates Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation in Rat Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
Portulaca oleracea L. Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake by Stimulating GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. (sciencebiology.org)
Molecular Basis of Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 Vesicle Trafficking: LOCATION! (sciencebiology.org)
Furthermore, to investigate the molecular mechanism of action, the phosphorylation and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream proteins, such as insulin receptor (INSR), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) have been detected. (rsc.org)
In response to parathyroid hormone and dietary inorganic phosphate, the renal cotransporter is rapidly inserted into and retrieved from the renal brush border membrane in a fashion similar to that by which the glucose transporter (Glut4) (TC# 2.A.1.1) is regulated by insulin, and aquaporins 1 and 2 (TC# 1.A.8.1) are regulated by vasopressin (Levi et al. (tcdb.org)
These results show that GLUT expression is altered between eutopic and ectopic tissue and between women with and without endometriosis, and that GLUT4 may represent a significant entry route for glucose into the endometriotic epithelial cells. (unibe.ch)

RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial cell types. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: RhoA induces glucose transporter SLC2A3 translocation which drives subcellular glycolysis in thrombin-stimulated contractile endothelial cells. (nature.com)
In VSMCs, chemerin, via oxidative stress- and ChemR23-dependent mechanisms, decreased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 translocation to the membrane, and glucose uptake. (gla.ac.uk)
Glucose transporter 4 translocation was confirmed by determining the uptake of glucose in the presence of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and PI3K inhibitors. (wiley.com)

In insulin-dependent peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, zinc ions play a role in insulin-induced glucose transport and glycemic control [ 9 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Wang, X. Avian and Mammalian Facilitative Glucose Transporters. (preprints.org)

It is a common metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia coupled with reduced life expectancy resulting from debilitating disease states that include heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, and renal disease [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has become the focus of a great deal of attention as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK has been demonstrated to mediate, at least in part, the effects of a number of physiological and pharmacological factors that exert beneficial effects on these disorders. (aspetjournals.org)
Mast cell regranulation requires a metabolic switch involving mTORC1 and a glucose-6-phosphate transporter. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
Over the past decade, it has been well established that PXR functions as a master-regulator of xenobiotic- and drug-inducible expression and activity of numerous genes that encode key members of the phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes, as well as several membrane transporter proteins. (ku.edu)

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 11 (SLC2A11) also known as glucose transporter type 10/11 (GLUT-10/11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A11 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The SLC2A9 gene provides instructions for making a protein called glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9). (medlineplus.gov)
SLC2A9 gene changes associated with gout likely increase the production of a form of the GLUT9 protein that is 28 amino acids shorter than the full-length version. (medlineplus.gov)
FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
The gene was examined in 61 Danish type 2 diabetic patients, and a total of six variants (−27C→T, Ala206Thr, Ala272Ala, IVS2 + 10G→A, IVS4 + 18T→G, and IVS4 + 26G→A) were identified and investigated in an association study, which included 503 type 2 diabetic patients and 510 glucose-tolerant control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
2016). Characterizing and evaluating the expression of the type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (slc34a2) gene and its potential influence on phosphorus utilization efficiency in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). (tcdb.org)
Moreover, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) [ 13 ], and 5-lipoxygenase gene activating protein (ALOX5AP) [ 14 ], were shown to be significantly related with ischemic stroke due to progressive changes in the walls of blood vessels resulting in the increased atherosclerosis process. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that mouse uterine ILC2s have a heightened type-2 gene signature and expand during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)
GSD Ia may be explained by mutations of the catalytic unit gene of the G6Pase complex, unlike GSD type Ib and GSD type Ic. (medscape.com)
The type and prevalence of beta and alpha globin gene variants differ significantly among countries. (bvsalud.org)
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Von Gierke disease may be explained by mutations of the phosphohydrolase catalytic unit gene of the G-6-P complex, unlike GSD type Ib and GSD type Ic. (medscape.com)

Glycolysis is an energy-producing mechanism that occurs in almost all cells and requires an adequate uptake of glucose mediated by glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins. (unibe.ch)

Resected samples showed two thirds tumor tissue necrosis as well as high expression of serine/threonine kinase Akt and low expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which activates anti-oxidant response and protects against oxidative stress in viable cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was reduced by chemerin in both HMECs and VSMCs. (gla.ac.uk)
Immunoblot analysis revealed an insulin-like glucose transporting mechanism of AEG by activating key markers involved in the insulin signaling cascade such as insulin receptor beta IRβ, insulin receptor substrate1, 85 phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) and PKB. (wiley.com)
AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)

In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, including the host molecules that induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and gut microbial metabolites involved in pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we summarize the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM population, T2DM animal models, and diabetic complications, as well as the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Molecular and vascular mechanisms were probed in mesenteric arteries and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from C57BL/6J, nondiabetic lean db/m, and diabetic obese db/db mice as well as in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). (gla.ac.uk)

Kaito H, Ishimori S, Nozu K, Shima Y, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K. Molecular background of urate transporter genes in patients with exercise-induced acute kidney injury. (medlineplus.gov)
Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)
Placentas exhibit signs of adaptation to stress, including larger maternal blood spaces and increased expression of nutrient transporter genes. (elifesciences.org)
The objective of this study was to examine the expression of SLC2A genes in the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis and in the matching ectopic tissue, and to confirm the presence of the GLUT proteins in ectopic lesions. (unibe.ch)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Most of the mutations that cause renal hypouricemia replace single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the GLUT9 protein and severely reduce or eliminate the protein's ability to reabsorb urate into the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
The well-characterized mammalian proteins are found in renal (IIa isoform) and intestinal (IIb isoform) brush border membranes and are about 640 amino acyl residues long with 8-12 putative TMSs. (tcdb.org)
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of glucuretic, antihyperglycemic drugs that target the process of renal glucose reabsorption and induce glucuresis independently of insulin secretion or action. (abmole.com)
2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)

Because glucose cannot leave the hepatocyte phosphorylated, an increase in glycolytic pathway metabolites occurs. (medscape.com)

Recent studies have highlighted zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
The synthesis, secretion, and action of insulin are dependent on zinc and the transporters that make this ion available to cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
Given the low plasma concentration of zinc and its importance in cellular signaling, it is essential that the availability and distribution of "free" zinc (free zinc is used to differentiate zinc involved in cell signaling from zinc that tightly bound to protein and therefore thermodynamically unavailable) are tightly controlled [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The investigations in which I am currently involved range from understanding the dynamics of fundamental protein-protein interactions, cellular processes, the. (edu.au)
The investigations in which I am currently involved range from understanding the dynamics of fundamental protein-protein interactions, cellular processes, the geometrical morphological features of microfossils, to the interactions in systems at larger scales involving human subjects. (edu.au)
Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. (silverchair.com)
Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. (silverchair.com)
Reprogramming techniques continue to evolve as we learn more about the developmental and molecular cues which govern cellular differentiation and identity. (silverchair.com)
Consequently, it is critical that we understand the cellular and molecular immune factors that regulate the uterine environment. (elifesciences.org)

GLUT1 protein expression was present in both epithelial and stromal cells and GLUT3 was confined to CD45-positive leukocytes. (unibe.ch)

Inhibitors were assayed for the ability to inhibit [14C]AMG uptake in a protein-free buffer over a 2 h incubation period. (abmole.com)

These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. (wur.nl)
It is becoming evident that while the bulk lipid transport occurs via vesicular transport, a major portion of lipids are trafficked by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). (helsinki.fi)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) produces a sustained, dose-dependent reduction in plasma glucose levels while simultaneously improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. (abmole.com)
Diagnosis is by measuring plasma glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
Intensive control of plasma glucose can prevent or delay many of these complications but may not reverse them once established. (msdmanuals.com)

Finally, detailed protocols for purification of mammalian proteins necessary to perform in vitro SUMOylation reactions are presented. (ku.edu)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)
A newly described form, GSD type Ic, does not appear to be related to mutations within the transporter protein. (medscape.com)

This protein is found mainly in the kidneys, specifically in structures called proximal tubules. (medlineplus.gov)
Within the proximal tubules, the GLUT9 protein helps reabsorb or excrete a substance called urate. (medlineplus.gov)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Protein-free buffer was used to simulate the low-protein conditions of the glomerular filtrate, which bathes the SGLT targets on the lumenal surface of the proximal tubule in the kidney. (abmole.com)
In conclusion, AEG enhances glucose transport by modulating the proximal and distal markers involved in glucose uptake and its transformation into glycogen. (wiley.com)

G6Pase hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), an end-product of both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, into glucose before it can be released into circulation. (medscape.com)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)
These enzymes normally catalyze reactions that ultimately convert glycogen compounds to glucose. (medscape.com)

To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. (frontiersin.org)
However, the recent ACCORD and ADVANCE trials in patients with longstanding T2DM have shown that aggressive glucose control in such patients has no clear benefits, or may even increase CVD events (3). (ddw-online.com)
Current widespread treatments for T2DM include metformin (suppressor of hepatic glucose production), sulfonylureas (insulin secretagogues), and the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone (PPAR agonist). (ddw-online.com)
Medication for T2DM mainly focuses on lowering blood glucose and treating affected organs. (sciencebiology.org)

Zinc has "mimetic" activity where it is involved in a range of functions including insulin receptor signal transduction, insulin storage, secretion and tissues/organelle distribution, and inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)

Thus, the proteins that transport zinc likely facilitate cell signaling processes that contribute to glycemic control in peripheral tissues by modulating cytosolic zinc concentrations. (hindawi.com)

In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)

We have sequenced the cloned DNA and have found no homology between the Na + /glucose co-transporter and either the mammalian facilitated glucose carrier or the bacterial sugar transport proteins. (nature.com)

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
A glycogen storage disease (GSD) is the result of an enzymatic defect among various reactions that produce glucose, either by glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)

In humans, zinc is found in all body tissues and secretions contributing to approximately 2-4 g of total zinc in the adult body [ 18 , 19 ] and is therefore the most abundant trace metal in tissue next to iron of which there is approximately 4 g localized mostly in blood [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In humans, the AE family (also called the SLC4 family) is composed of 10 paralogous members, among which are the proteins that perform Na + -independent Cl-HCO 3 - exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)

Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
The bioavailability of dietary zinc is dependent upon the digestion of these proteins to release zinc and allow it to bond to peptides, amino acids, phosphates and other ligands within the intestinal tract. (scirp.org)
We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, GSD type 0, which is due to defective glycogen synthase, also is recognized. (medscape.com)
In addition, it reduced glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and led to defective TG synthesis and storage in HCs. (helsinki.fi)
Glucose-6-phosphate is an intermediate in the glycogen pathway. (medscape.com)

SLC2A11 belongs to a family of plasma membrane proteins that mediate transport of sugars across the membrane by facilitative diffusion. (wikipedia.org)
Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)
The aim of the project is to develop new stochastic mathematical models of the dynamics of protein transport and cell signalling. (edu.au)
This work is in collaboration with Maria Vlasiou and Marko Boon of the Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and links with the experimental research on insulin signalling and glucose transport, below. (edu.au)
When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
2012). Functional Interaction between CFTR and the Sodium-Phosphate Co-Transport Type 2a in Xenopus laevis Oocytes. (tcdb.org)
Dapagliflozin (BMS-512148) inhibits subtype 2 of the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT2), which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. (abmole.com)
The GLUT members belong to a family of glucose transporter proteins that facilitate glucose transport across the cell membrane. (preprints.org)
In GSD Ib, G6P transport into the ER is defective and prevents normal G6Pase from converting G6P into glucose. (medscape.com)
ORP2 was also found to facilitate cholesterol transport between the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/LY) and plasma membrane (PM) and to interact with the related LE/LY cholesterol transporter ORP1L. (helsinki.fi)
1][2][3] The protective functions of HDL are due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) but also may be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (skanestugan.se)

Here we describe cloning of this co-transporter by a method new to membrane proteins. (nature.com)
The animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (tcdb.org)

Both types have the same long-term complications. (scirp.org)

It consists of 14 separate exons spanning approximately 7.7kb of genomic DNA, and encodes the 672 amino acid protein SGLT2. (medscape.com)
Tofogliflozin(CSG-452) is a potent and highly specific sodium/glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2. (abmole.com)

The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)

Taken together, the data represent a likely mechanism and provides initial molecular details for the connection between the PXR signaling pathway and inflammation. (ku.edu)
LSD1 was shown to participate in an intriguing antiviral mechanism, where it activates endolysosomal interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) via demethylation, leading endocytosed HCV virions to degradation. (bvsalud.org)

The results showed that CIG significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. (rsc.org)

Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)

The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)

A single missense mutation allows AE1 to mediate both electrogenic SO 4 2- -Cl - exchange or electroneutral, H + -independent SO 4 2- -SO 4 2- exchange ( Alper 2006 ). (tcdb.org)

Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)

2017). Characterization of the isoforms of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a2) in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and their vitamin D3-regulated expression under low-phosphate conditions. (tcdb.org)

More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in an increase in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)

Glucose transporters: physiological and pathological roles. (sciencebiology.org)

Mutation occurring in ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABC1) which enables exit of cholesterol from the cell with resultant decrease in the levels of lipid-rich HDL-lipoprotein in the circulation decrease. (researchsquare.com)
Genetic mutation promotes biological evolution and results in biodiversity ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The arrangement of multiple GLUTs across all somatic tissues signifies the important role of glucose across all organisms. (preprints.org)

The PNaS family includes several functionally characterized, sodium-dependent, inorganic phosphate (P i ) transporter (NPT2 or NptA) proteins from mammals. (tcdb.org)
GSD type Ib is a similar condition that has active G6Pase enzyme activity but with a defect in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter protein. (medscape.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science3

Diabetes54

Metabolism12

GLUT412

Translocation4

Skeletal muscle1

Facilitative glucose transporters1

Metabolic6

Gene14

Uptake of glucose1

Kinase4

Mechanisms4

Genes7

Renal8

Glycolytic1

Cellular9

GLUT11

Inhibitors1

Lipids3

Plasma glucose4

Mammalian proteins1

Mutations2

Proximal5

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis1

Enzymes2

T2DM4

Secretion2

Glycemic control1

Blood glucose concentration1

Homology1

Gluconeogenesis2

Humans2

Intestinal4

Glycogen3

Transport11

Membrane proteins2

Complications1

SGLT22

Homeostasis1

Mechanism2

Tolerance1

Reabsorption1

Kidneys1

Mediate1

Diabetic patients1

Characterization1

Concentration1

Physiological1

Mutation2

Tissues1

Phosphate2