• The dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the regulatory subunit dimer of PKA binds with the A-kinase binding (AKB) domain (an amphipathic helix) of AKAP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β) interaction protein (GSKIP) was identified as an AKAP by our group. (fu-berlin.de)
  • A-Kinase-Ankerproteine (AKAP) bilden durch direkte Protein-Protein- Interaktionen mit der cAMP-abhängigen Proteinkinase A (PKA), PKA-Substraten sowie weiteren Signalproteinen Multiproteinkomplexe und verankern diese an spezifischen intrazellulären Kompartimenten. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Glycogen synthase 3β (GSK3β) interaction protein (GSKIP) wurde von unserer Arbeitsgruppe als neues AKAP identifiziert. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The subject of the study was the major fibrous sheath protein of the mouse sperm flagellum, AKAP82, a member of the A Kinase Anchor Protein (AKAP) family of polypeptides that bind the regulatory (RII) subunit of protein kinase A (PK-A). Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that AKAP82 is present throughout the transverse ribs and longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath. (elsevierpure.com)
  • As MMGL has previously been shown to interact with phosphodiesterase 4D, we speculated that it may be a PKA-anchoring protein (AKAP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The translocation and the current potentiation were abolished in the presence of an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) inhibitor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Similar current changes after PKA activation were obtained from human embryonic kidney 293t cells transfected with the wild-type heat transducer protein vanilloid receptor 1 (VR-1). (jneurosci.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion. (nih.gov)
  • The structural basis of G-protein-coupled receptor function and dysfunction in human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. (nih.gov)
  • G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and neural tube closure defects. (nih.gov)
  • Artemin, a neuronal survival factor in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family, binds the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein GFRα3 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. (jneurosci.org)
  • Expression of the GFRα3 receptor is primarily restricted to the peripheral nervous system and is found in a subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) that coexpress the Ret and TrkA receptor tyrosine kinases and the thermosensitive channel TRPV1. (jneurosci.org)
  • GDNF family ligands (GFLs) activate the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase through binding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor α coreceptors (GFRα1-4) ( Sariola and Saarma, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
  • One such protein is AKAP5 (previously AKAP79), which contains SLiMs that anchor PKA and Calcineurin, and recruit substrate (the TRPV1 receptor). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • 19 normal healthy in- receptor protein (CD117) that is structurally dividuals were recruited as a control group. (who.int)
  • The A-kinase anchoring proteins or A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • AKAPs act as scaffold proteins wherein they bind PKA and other signaling proteins and physically tether these multi-protein complexes to specific locations, such as the nucleus, in cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) control the localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and tether PKA to distinct cellular compartments. (fu-berlin.de)
  • In addition, AKAPs engage in protein-protein interactions with PKA substrates and other signalling proteins and form multi-protein complexes. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Efficient phosphorylation requires that PKA be anchored close to its targets by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs) have evolved to regulate the spatial and temporal organization of cellular signal transductio. (nel.edu)
  • The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. (thermofisher.com)
  • For example, prostaglandins activate G s -protein-coupled receptors and initiate cAMP- and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated processes. (jneurosci.org)
  • CLIC proteins might have several biochemical functions including intracellular chloride channel activity, modulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, and regulation of ryanodine receptors and A-kinase anchoring proteins. (nih.gov)
  • To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
  • We have previously described an approach to predicting the substrate specificity of serine-threonine protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How a particular protein kinase recognises its substrate protein(s) is therefore a key question. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The compounds have been found to regulate phospholamban phosphorylation by interfering with the A-kinase anchor protein 18delta (AKAP185) binding to the PKA substrate phospholamban. (justia.com)
  • Orthologous to human MAPK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1). (nih.gov)
  • N-SLIT2 amplifies reactive oxygen species production in response to the bacteria by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that in turn phosphorylates NCF1, an essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which break down cAMP, phosphatases which dephosphorylate downstream PKA targets and also other kinases (PKC and MAPK). (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)
  • Tau interacts with actin in the cytoskeleton and neuronal outgrowth, anchors enzymes such as protein kinases and phosphatases, and regulates intracellular vesicle transport. (biovendor.com)
  • Angelisová P, Drbal K, Horejsí V, Cerný J: Association of CD10/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 with membrane microdomains rich in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and Lyn kinase. (exbio.cz)
  • Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since these kinases regulate a broad range of cellular responses, their compartmentalization in close proximity to their sarcomeric targets is required to facilitate control over which proteins are phosphorylated in response to second messenger signalling [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein can also down-regulate p53 function and thus modulate cell growth and apoptosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
  • To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification and localization of an actin-binding motif that is unique to the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C and participates in the regulation of synaptic function. (rupress.org)
  • Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using single molecule Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy, we determined the mechanism controlling membrane localization of PI3Kβ, prioritization of signaling inputs, and lipid kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • Serving a critical role in cell signaling, the class I family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P 2 ] to generate PI(3,4,5) P 3 . (elifesciences.org)
  • Huang Z, Somanath PR, Chakrabarti R, Eddy EM, Vijayaraghavan S. Changes in intracellular distribution and activity of protein phosphatase PP1gamma2 and its regulating proteins in spermatozoa lacking AKAP4. (kent.edu)
  • Originally thought to have only a structural role, cMyBPC has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac contractility [ 1 ], for which the N-terminal region of the protein appears to be crucial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using gene knockout, transgenic and molecular approaches we are investigating the signal mechanisms underlying regulation of protein phosphorylation and sperm function. (kent.edu)
  • Vijayaraghavan S, Chakrabarti R, Myers K. Regulation of sperm function by protein phosphatase PP1gamma2. (kent.edu)
  • Disordered scaffold proteins provide multivalent landing pads that, via a series of embedded Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs), bring together the components of a complex to orchestrate precise spatial and temporal regulation of cellular processes. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150) signaling scaffold regulates AMPAR phosphorylation , channel activity, and endosomal trafficking associated with LTP and LTD. AKAP79/150 is targeted to dendritic spine plasma membranes by an N-terminal polybasic domain that binds phosphoinositide lipids , F-actin , and cadherin cell adhesion molecules . (bvsalud.org)
  • a "PDZ" in this column indicates that the interacting protein binds to the ASIC PDZ binding domain. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Smaug, a protein that helps to establish a morphogen gradient in Drosophila embryos by repressing the translation of nanos (nos) mRNA, binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of nos mRNA via two similar hairpin structures. (embl.de)
  • Anteroposterior patterning in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on the sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Smaug, which binds to and regulates the translation of nanos (nos) mRNA. (embl.de)
  • Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
  • Lastly, mutations in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), also termed LUMA, which binds to emerin and SUN2, has also been reported to cause an EDMD phenotype in a few families. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Howe's project, "Characterization of talin as a putative, mechanically-gated A-kinase anchoring protein in ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion," will investigate a newly identified protein complex thought to be responsible for sensing mechanical information from the cellular microenvironment and converting it into biochemical signals that control cell movement. (uvm.edu)
  • Individual isoforms of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of kinases may have assumed distinct responsibilities for the control of complex and diverse cellular functions. (rupress.org)
  • Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • To date, three major classes of Ca 2+ -binding proteins, including calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK), calmodulins (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CaML) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL), have been characterized in higher plants [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calcineurin is anchored to AKAP5 by a well-characterised PxIxIT SLiM. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Palmitoylation of A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 regulates dendritic endosomal targeting and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • New mutations have been found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 ( SYNE1 ) gene and in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 ( SYNE2 ) gene in a few families, also termed Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • The sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain is a putative protein interaction module present in a wide variety of proteins [ ( PUBMED:9007998 ) ] involved in many biological processes. (embl.de)
  • However, in the mid 1990s, other proteins were also found to accumulate in the abnormal muscle fibers, and molecular genetic studies revealed several chromosomal loci. (medscape.com)
  • Neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2D is a dual A-kinase anchoring protein expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells. (nature.com)
  • Tau is a microtubule-associated protein found predominantly in neuronal axons of the vertebrate brain. (biovendor.com)
  • Protein regulators of this enzyme include inhibitors I2 (PPP1R2) and I3 (PPP1R11), sds22 (PPP1R7), protein 14-3-3 and a protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). (kent.edu)
  • The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • At the same time, co-compartmentalization of enzymes or proteins that generate or terminate these second messenger metabolites, such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which degrade cAMP and cGMP, with the relevant responsive kinases helps to optimise the precision and speed of response to second messenger signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include proteins associated with the sarcolemma (see image below), proteins associated with the contractile apparatus (see image below), and various enzymes involved in muscle function. (medscape.com)
  • This study evaluated the roles of PINK1 mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase in targeting depolarized mitochondria for degradation in vivo, using quantitative measurements of mitochondria in Drosophila nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
  • The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although inhibitory postsynaptic sites lack PSDs, they also consist of complex protein matrices. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is also compatible with the requirement for both stable anchoring of the enzyme and responsive downstream signalling. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • To map the mechanisms of aggressiveness we aimed to investigate changes in protein phosphorylation across WHO grades of human meningiomas. (nature.com)
  • Mechanisms of protein kinase A anchoring. (yale.edu)
  • This represents a new function for the SAM domain family, which is well characterized for mediating protein-protein interactions. (embl.de)
  • The capture is analogous to that seen for many DNA-binding proteins that have a weak non-specific affinity for DNA outside the canonical binding site, but different in that it involves (i) two proteins, and (ii) hydrophobic rather than electrostatic interactions. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Although pY peptides strongly localize PI3Kβ to membranes, they only modestly stimulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. (lu.se)
  • Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • We found that a number of Tfh cells downmodulated BCL6 protein after their development, and we sought to compare the gene expression between BCL6-hi Tfh cells and BCL6-low Tfh cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The membrane protein muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) has been identified as the target of antibody attack in approximately 40% of patients with seronegative myasthenia gravis. (medscape.com)
  • Under conditions where integrin is required for synapse formation, inhibiting myosin impairs synapse formation, as evidenced by reduced antigen centralization, diminished BCR signaling, and defective signaling protein distribution at the synapse. (sciety.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)
  • EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)
  • The new features significantly enhance the ability of Predikin to analyse protein kinases and their substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate this possibility, we assessed the ability of MMGL isoform 4 to interact with PKA regulatory subunits R1A and R2A using Y2H-based direct protein-protein interaction assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Snow AJ, Puri P, Acker-Palmer A, Bouwmeester T, Vijayaraghavan S, Kline D. Phosphorylation-dependent interaction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHA) with PADI6 following oocyte maturation in mice.Biol Reprod. (kent.edu)
  • The unusual stability and direct nature of this physical interaction indicate that actin filaments represent a new class of PKC-binding protein. (rupress.org)
  • Once established, this protein-protein interaction securely anchored PKC epsilon to the cytoskeletal matrix while also serving as a chaperone that maintained the kinase in a catalytically active conformation. (rupress.org)
  • The potentiation was prevented in the presence of the selective PKA inhibitor PKI 14-22 , suggesting PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the heat transducer protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using a combination of cosedimentation, overlay, and direct binding assays, we demonstrate that filamentous actin is a principal anchoring protein for PKC epsilon within intact nerve endings. (rupress.org)
  • The binding of PKC epsilon to actin required that the kinase be activated, presumably to expose a cryptic binding site that we have identified and shown to be located between the first and second cysteine-rich regions within the regulatory domain of only this individual isoform of PKC. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, actin appears to be a bifunctional anchoring protein that is specific for the PKC epsilon isoform. (rupress.org)
  • In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
  • Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
  • The assembly of the mammalian sperm flagellum is a complex developmental event requiring the sequential activation of genes encoding the component parts and the coordinated assembly of these proteins during the differentiation of the haploid spermatid. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This protein phosphatase isoform, which is highly expressed in testis, is present only in mammalian spermatozoa. (kent.edu)
  • Conservation of genome organization, regulatory sequences, and protein domains of Borna disease virus (BDV) in novel strains from parrots 1034, 1322, and 1367. (cdc.gov)