Protein inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Medical search. Frequent questions

Finally, the Gβγ dimeric protein interacts with GIRK channels to open them so that they become permeable to potassium ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are a type of G protein-gated ion channels because of this direct interaction of G protein subunits with GIRK channels. (wikipedia.org)
and (c) a direct TA1 receptor-mediated activation of GIRK channels which produce cell membrane hyperpolarization. (wikipedia.org)
WIKIMEDIA, TIIA MONTO Mice lacking a subunit of a G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel drank more ethanol than their wild-type counterparts when given access to the beverage for only two hours a day during a time when they would be most likely to drink-a test intended to mirror a bar's happy hour. (the-scientist.com)
G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are widely expressed in the central nervous system, including brain regions related to reward, and play an important role in mediating the signal transduction pathways of various addictive substances. (ashdin.com)
Studies of GIRK knockout mice have suggested the involvement of GIRK channels in the mechanisms that underlie the effects of addictive substances. (ashdin.com)
Human studies have shown that differences in the genetic sequence of one of the four GIRK channel subunits, GIRK2, are associated with analgesic requirements in patients who undergo major open abdominal surgery. (ashdin.com)
Animal and human studies also showed the possible therapeutic effects of GIRK channel inhibitors in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence and alcoholism. (ashdin.com)
These findings suggest that GIRK channels may be a key molecular target in the reward system for the treatment of addiction. (ashdin.com)
Is the GIRK channel a possible target in the development of a novel therapeutic drug of urinary disturbance? (cloudfront.net)
SCH-23390 maleate inhibits G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels with an IC 50 of 268 nM. (medchemexpress.com)
In this chapter, we review evidence suggesting that G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK/Kir3) channels are one mechanism through which numerous drugs of abuse can modulate learning and memory processes. (elsevierpure.com)
We will examine the role of GIRK channels in two forms of experience-dependent long-term changes in neuronal function: homeostatic plasticity and synaptic plasticity. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, at higher concentrations, CGP7930 also blocks G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels diminishing GABABR signalling in HEK 293 cells. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, our study of CGP7930 modulation of GABAARs, GABABRs and GIRK channels, indicates this compound is unsuitable for use as a specific GABABR PAM. (bvsalud.org)
To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that GABA B receptors co-assembled with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in the cerebellum. (springer.com)
Thus, GABA B receptors are associated with GIRK and Ca V 2.1 channels in different subcellular compartments. (springer.com)
Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)

L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha subunit 1C is a novel candidate gene associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism: an application of haplotype-based analysis for multiple linked single nucleotide polymorphisms. (genscript.com)
Structurally, the pore-forming subunit of K ir channels is the α-subunit. (tocris.com)
This gene encodes an integral membrane protein which belongs to one of seven subfamilies of inward-rectifier potassium channel proteins called potassium channel subfamily J. The encoded protein is a subunit of the potassium channel which is homotetrameric. (ayassbioscience.com)
The inwardly-rectifying potassium channel subunit Kir5.1 selectively co-assembles with members of the Kir4.0 subfamily to form novel pH-sensitive heteromeric channels with unique single channel properties. (ox.ac.uk)
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. (scbdd.com)
Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. (scbdd.com)
Kir6.2 is the pore-forming subunit of the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel. (ox.ac.uk)
ABCC9 encodes an ATP-sensitive potassium channel subunit (SUR2), serving as a sensor of intracellular energy metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)

Homo sapiens potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 14 (KCNJ14), mRNA. (genscript.com)

GPCRs in turn release activated G-protein βγ- subunits (Gβγ) from inactive heterotrimeric G protein complexes (Gαβγ). (wikipedia.org)
These are called muscarinic potassium channels (IKACh) and are heterotetramers composed of two GIRK1 and two GIRK4 subunits. (wikipedia.org)
Functional expression of inward rectifier potassium channels in cultured human pulmonary smooth muscle cells: evidence for a major role of Kir2.4 subunits. (genscript.com)
The amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel subunits are both intracellular. (ox.ac.uk)

The G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) by the signaling lipid PIP2 and a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (wikipedia.org)
Examples of GIRKs include a subset of potassium channels in the heart, which, when activated by parasympathetic signals such as acetylcholine through M2 muscarinic receptors, causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate. (wikipedia.org)
Mutants of GPR18, designed to constitutively activate receptors, did not tonically inhibit calcium currents, indicating a lack of GPR18 activation or coupling to endogenous G proteins. (unboundmedicine.com)
Other downstream effectors of Gα(i/o)-coupled receptors, G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylate cyclase, were not modulated by GPR18 signaling. (unboundmedicine.com)
PI(4,5)P 2 interacts with various ion channels and receptors to regulate membrane signaling but its nanoscale distribution and association with these proteins remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
An elevation of the intracellular calcium level, which is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels both, activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway involved in synaptic modification. (asahq.org)
5 MAP kinase has been shown to be activated by calcium influx through both N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and L-type Ca 2+ channels. (asahq.org)
The inward-rectifier potassium channel family (also known as 2-TM channels) include the strong inward-rectifier channels (K ir 2.x), the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier channels (K ir 3.x) and the ATP-sensitive channels (K ir 6.x), which combine with sulphonylurea receptors. (tocris.com)
9 As would be predicted from their known abilities to couple through pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins, all of the cloned opioid receptors possess the same general structure of an extracellular N-terminal region, seven transmembrane domains and intracellular C-terminal tail structure. (opioids.wiki)
These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)
GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)

3. Lesage F, Duprat F, Fink M, Guillemare E, Coppola T, Lazdunski M, and Hugnot JP (1994) Cloning provides evidence for a family of inward rectifier and G-protein coupled K + channels in the brain. (aspetjournals.org)

Investigations into the molecular basis of CHI have led to the discovery of mutations in the sulfonylurea receptor and an inwardly rectifying potassium channel. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, a mutation within the conserved region of the N-terminal interaction domain, which disrupts its interaction with the C terminus, severely compromised the ability of both Kir6.2 and Kir2.1 to form functional channels, suggesting that this interaction may be a feature common to all members of the Kir family of potassium channels. (ox.ac.uk)

This gene encodes an inwardly rectifying K+ channel which may be blocked by divalent cations. (nih.gov)

Nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels. (genscript.com)
Our molecular analyses showed significant decrease in cardiac Kir channel mRNA and protein expression of PTZ-kindled rats. (bezmialem.edu.tr)

The researchers suggest that selectively targeting GIRK3-containing channels could one day help reduce alcohol consumption in people who binge drink. (the-scientist.com)

PIs contribute to various aspects of neuronal activity, such as synaptic transmission and maintenance of membrane excitability by regulating ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
Family members have conserved ligand-binding, catalytic (guanylyl cyclase) and regulatory domains with the exception of NPR-C which has an extracellular binding domain homologous to that of other NPRs, but with a truncated intracellular domain which appears to couple, via the G i/o family of G proteins, to activation of phospholipase C, inwardly-rectifying potassium channels and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity [ 19 ]. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Mapping of the physical interaction between the intracellular domains of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir6.2. (ox.ac.uk)
Using an in vitro protein-protein interaction assay, we demonstrate that the two intracellular domains of Kir6.2 physically interact with each other, and we map a region within the N terminus that is responsible for this interaction. (ox.ac.uk)
This suggests filter distortions may provide a mechanism of K-channel gating in addition to changes in the hydrophobic gate formed at the intracellular crossing point of the M2 helices. (ox.ac.uk)

After cleaning three times using the lysis buffer, destined proteins had been eluted by incubation with FLAG peptide (250 g/ml, for fSUR1 test) or HA peptide (10 g/ml, for HA-Kir6.2 sample) at space temperature for 30 min. (thetechnoant.info)

We investigate the expression of Kir channels in epileptic cardiac tissue by using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling model in rats. (bezmialem.edu.tr)

1. Lesage F, Fink M, Barhanin J, Lazdunski M, and Matti MG (1995) Assignment of human G-protein-coupled inward rectifier K + channel homolog GIRK3 gene to chromosome 1q21-q23. (aspetjournals.org)
2. Dissmann E, Wischmeyer E, Spauschus A, Karschin C, and Karschin A (1996) Cloning and functional expression and cellular localization of a rat brain G protein-activated K + inward rectifier GIRK3. (aspetjournals.org)
4. Jelacic T, Stephen SM, and Clapham DE (1999) Functional expression and characterization of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + channels containing GIRK3. (aspetjournals.org)

The expression of c-Fos induced by potassium chloride was also suppressed by dibucaine, tetracaine (concentrations that inhibited 50% of the activity of positive control [IC50s] were 16.2+/-0.2 and 73.2+/-0.7 microM, respectively), and PD 98059, a mitogen-activated/extracellular receptor-regulated kinase inhibitor. (asahq.org)
It has recently been reported that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (also known as extracellular signal reactive kinase [Erk]) might play an important role in linking membrane depolarization to gene expression in the postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)

As an important anti-apoptotic protein, dissociated Bcl-XL mainly binds to BAK or Bax and inhibits the pore-promoting activity of BAK or Bax [ 10 ] to achieve its anti-apoptotic function. (researchsquare.com)

This protein is thought to be one of multiple inwardly rectifying channels which contribute to the cardiac inward rectifier current (IK1). (nih.gov)
Kir channel expression in cardiac tissue is a possible mechanism for the explanation of cardiac pathology in epilepsy. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
This is the first study to our knowledge in epileptic cardiac tissue showing the expression of Kir channels. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
Our results show that Kir channels may play a role in cardiac pathology associated with epilepsy. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
The syndrome is caused by changes in the structure and function of certain cardiac ion channels and reduced expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in the Right Ventricle (RV), predominantly in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (VSVD), causing electromechanical abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)

The bacterial channel KirBac1.1 provides a structural homolog of mammalian inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels. (ox.ac.uk)

90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in four patients (one of them with a pathologically increased urinary protein excretion). (nih.gov)

There is increasing evidence that both of these domains are required for the regulation of Kir channels by agents such as G-proteins and nucleotides. (ox.ac.uk)

Potassium channels are present in most mammalian cells, where they participate in a wide range of physiologic responses. (genscript.com)

The pancreatic -cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel is a multimeric protein complex made up of four inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir6. (thetechnoant.info)

KcsA and KcsA-based homology models) and are likely to lead to functional closure of the channel. (ox.ac.uk)

Antibodies have been implicated in the pathogenicity of multiple sclerosis by findings of immunoglobulins in patients' CSF and often IgG and complement in lesions, and by a 2012 report that nearly half of patients' serum samples contain IgG specific for a glial potassium-channel, KIR4.1. (nih.gov)
Kir5.1 underlies long-lived subconductance levels in heteromeric Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels from Xenopus tropicalis. (ox.ac.uk)
Heteromeric XtKir4.1/XtKir5.1 channels exhibit similar macroscopic current properties to rat Kir4.1/Kir5.1 with a faster time-dependent rate of activation. (ox.ac.uk)

GPR18 was heterologously expressed in rat sympathetic neurons, and the modulation of N-type (Ca(v)2.2) calcium channels was examined. (unboundmedicine.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel, and probably has a role in controlling the excitability of motor neurons. (genscript.com)
Vigot and Batini 1997 ), the spatial relationship of GABA B and their effector ion channels in various subcellular compartments of central neurons remains mostly unknown. (springer.com)

Heteromeric channels can also be formed within subfamilies, e.g. (tocris.com)

Knockdown of inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir2.2 suppresses tumorigenesis by inducing reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular senescence. (nih.gov)

indicating their potential role as an anchor for these proteins to regulate their localization and dynamics during synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)

We demonstrated that the protein Munc18-1 was responsible for the transport of syntaxin-1 to the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
This novel trafficking/chaperoning pathway underpins neurotransmission, as secretory vesicles rely on the zippering of SNARE proteins such as syntaxin-1 to undergo fusion with the plasma membrane. (edu.au)

Isoforms USO have no channel activity by themself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation. (scbdd.com)

P2Y12 receptor (P2YR) is a G-coupled7-membrane-spanning proteins. (researchsquare.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and inward-rectifier type potassium channel. (ageing-map.org)
Eluted protein had been separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Web page) and used in nitrocellulose membrane. (thetechnoant.info)

And boosting expression of the protein in wild-type mice resulted in even less binge drinking. (the-scientist.com)
The survival of Rrbp1 -KO mice significantly decreased under high potassium intake due to lethal hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmia and persistent hypoaldosteronism, which could be rescued by fludrocortisone. (biomedcentral.com)

EB07766 (0.01µg/ml) staining of Human Muscle lysate (35µg protein in RIPA buffer). (everestbiotech.com)
Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Altered expression of genes for Kir ion channels in dilated cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)

Renin is a secretory protein that is synthesized and cleaved from prorenin in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells adjacent to the macula densa [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi complex are present, suggesting a high level of protein synthetic activity. (medscape.com)

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. (jneurosci.org)
Interestingly, the "interaction domain" is highly conserved throughout the superfamily of Kir channels. (ox.ac.uk)

Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
Kir channel expression has been previously shown to vary in epileptic brains, at the same time seizures are known to affect the autonomic nervous system. (bezmialem.edu.tr)
Kir channel expression also differs between females and males. (bezmialem.edu.tr)

In high concentration PIP2 activates the channel absent G-protein, but G-protein does not activate the channel absent PIP2. (wikipedia.org)

However, single channel analysis of heteromeric XtKir4.1/XtKir5.1 channels reveals that they have markedly different long-lived, multi-level subconductance states. (ox.ac.uk)
These novel channels now provide an excellent model system to determine the structural basis of subconductance levels and contribution of heteromeric pore architecture to this process. (ox.ac.uk)

Higher concentrations of dibucaine and tetracaine were needed to suppress the activation of MAP kinase induced by ionomycin (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 62.5+/-2.2 and 330.5+/-32.8 microM, respectively) compared with potassium chloride (the IC50 values of dibucaine and tetracaine were 17.7+/-1.0 and 70.2+/-1.2 microM, respectively). (asahq.org)
Although probable targets of these local anesthetics might be L-type Ca2+ channels or components between Ca2+ and Ras in MAP kinase pathway, the possibility that they directly affect MAP kinase still remains. (asahq.org)

RRBP1 is a brand-new regulator of blood pressure and potassium homeostasis discovered in this study. (biomedcentral.com)

The pro-apoptotic function of bcl-XL is realized by binding to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL and inhibiting its anti-apoptotic activity. (researchsquare.com)
A K(ATP) channel gene effect on sleep duration: from genome-wide association studies to function in Drosophila. (ox.ac.uk)

The activation likely works by increasing the affinity of the channel for PIP2. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of P2Y12 receptor first phosphorylates BAD through the PI3K Akt pathway, and the liquid acidified BAD binds to 14-3-3 protein to separate BAD from BAD Bcl-XL complex, thus releasing free Bcl-XL. (researchsquare.com)

These sequences represent the protein coding region of the KCNJ14 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms16

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

GIRK19

Subunit8

Subfamily J member1

Subunits4

Receptors11

Family of inward1

Sulfonylurea receptor1

Mutation1

Encodes1

Molecular2

Selectively1

Intracellular5

Kir6.21

Rats1

GIRK33

Extracellular2

Inhibits1

Cardiac5

Homolog1

Excretion1

Nucleotides1

Mammalian1

KATP1

Functional1

KIR4.13

Neurons3

Subfamilies1

Cellular1

Localization1

Plasma membrane2

Heterotetramers1

Membrane3

Mice2

Human2

Genes1

Secretory1

Golgi1

Interaction2

Expression3

Activates1

Heteromeric2

Kinase2

Regulator1

Function2

Activation2

Sequences1