Protein induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since ER stress can cause differential modulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which includes the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathways, these were individually tested in 3a-expressing cells. (nih.gov)
CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways were activated by ROS, and NAC attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting the levels of ROS in NaF-treated sertoli cells. (fluoridealert.org)
3 The findings demonstrate that sleep is all about protein homeostasis: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downregulation of protein biosynthesis in peripheral tissues trigger pathways that induce sleep. (the-scientist.com)
In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
It was found that carfilzomib induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways via alteration of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. (ascopost.com)
The investigators concluded: "Collectively, carfilzomib induced [endoplasmic reticulum] stress, culminating in activation of intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways, and we identified the CHOP protein level as a biomarker that could predict sensitivity to carfilzomib in CLL. (ascopost.com)
Activation of these pathways leads to a downstream cascade of changes in gene expression and protein abundance of XBP-1, CHOP, and ATF6Î± as indicative of IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 pathway activation, respectively. (aiche.org)
These findings strengthen the evidence that desirable and undesirable consequences of status epilepticus-induced TrkB activation are mediated by distinct signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. (jneurosci.org)
Phosphorylation of residue Y515 promotes association of TrkB with the adaptor protein Shc and activation of PI3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, MAPK signaling pathways whereas phosphorylation of residue Y816 promotes association of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) and signaling mediated by IP3 and DAG ( Reichardt, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
Most of the different proteins and metabolites were considered to be enriched in a variety of species in metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism and other pathways, which means that ASE may have molecular mechanisms to ameliorate PD dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
[ 11 ] PIs have also been shown to activate endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways by depleting the calcium in adipocytes. (medscape.com)

Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
RNA-Seq analysis and the data from experimental models revealed that neutrophilic NCF1-dependent ROS promoted alcoholic hepatitis (AH) by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (a key regulator of lipid metabolism) and microRNA-223 (a key antiinflammatory and antifibrotic microRNA). (jci.org)
SE-induced activation of the BDNF receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, is one signaling pathway by which SE induces TLE. (jneurosci.org)
Work by multiple investigators including ourselves implicates the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkB, and its canonical ligand, BDNF, as one signaling pathway by which SE induces development of TLE ( McNamara and Scharfman, 2012 ). (jneurosci.org)

Only the PERK pathway was found to be activated in 3a-expressing cells based on (1) increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2alpha) and inhibitory effects of a dominant-negative form of eIF2alpha on GRP78 promoter activity, (2) increased translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mRNA, and (3) ATF4-dependent activation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) gene promoter. (nih.gov)
This agent induces cytotoxicity via ER stress pathway as shown by the increased expression of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). (cns.org)
Prof. Lederkremer's lab has been interested in the mechanisms of protein folding and trafficking in the early secretory pathway of mammalian cells. (tau.ac.il)
Mutated worms showed protein accumulation via the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and subsequent ER stress. (the-scientist.com)
The expressions of retinal GLP-1R, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis-associated genes, reactive gliosis markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway genes were studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in vivo and in vitro. (molvis.org)
Expression of the mouse Sp110 nuclear body protein (Sp110) upregulates the apoptotic pathway, which plays an essential role in enhancing host immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). (oncotarget.com)
In addition, macrophages from transgenic cattle with increased Sp110 expression confirmed that activation of the ER stress response is the main pathway through which Sp110-enhanced macrophages impart resistance to Mtb . (oncotarget.com)
In this pathway, the HRD1 complex identifies ERAD-M/L substrates, eliciting their HRD1-dependent retro-translocation, ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation, mitigating the ER stress. (boku.ac.at)

It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
Thus, perturbations of ER homeostasis result in accumulation of unfolded proteins which are detected by ER stress sensors in order to restore the normal condition. (nih.gov)

Cells expressing the 3a proteins showed ER stress based on activation of genes for the ER chaperones GRP78 and GRP94. (nih.gov)
Of note, the genes encoding these effectors and immunity proteins are widely distributed in Salmonella genomes, suggesting a relevant role in interbacterial competition and virulence. (frontiersin.org)
A genome-wide association study identified variants in the ferredoxin fd ), apicoplast ribosomal protein S10 ( arps10 ), multidrug resistance protein 2 ( mdr2 ), and chloroquine resistance transporter ( crt ) genes as additional factors contributing to ART resistance, in which a missense fd mutation fd -D193Y) was the most frequent variant among resistant parasites [ 8 ]. (biorxiv.org)
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
In addition, we found that isolated islets from Chop -/- mice displayed increased expression of UPR and oxidative stress response genes and reduced levels of oxidative damage. (jci.org)
The UPR minimise the ER stress by attenuating protein synthesis and inducing the expression of UPR genes, such as molecular chaperones and ERAD components. (boku.ac.at)

The mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXA2 were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
ERN2 acted by splicing Xbp1 mRNA to expand ER function and prevent ER stress in goblet cells. (jci.org)

ROS production disrupts protein folding and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). (wikipedia.org)
Recent research of the lab on cellular and mouse models of Huntington's disease has led to the discovery of a promising therapeutic approach to the disease, boosting the unfolded protein response. (tau.ac.il)
These processes are regulated by ER stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR) and he has established that the compartmentalization and assembly of a molecular complex that targets to ERAD are dependent on one of the branches of the UPR. (tau.ac.il)
Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
Activation of the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response in neurons improves stroke outcome. (duke.edu)
ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to reduce the protein load in the ER. (tmc.edu)
Activation of the unfolded protein response after ER stress induction was determined by comparing expression of key UPR mediators in non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal cells to pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate a globally compromised ability to regulate the unfolded protein response. (tmc.edu)
The enhanced anti-cancer effect of the combined use of dipyridamole with aspirin was found to rely on the induction of an overwhelmed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR), which was different from the anti-platelet effect. (lu.se)
Misfolded or unfolded proteins induce ER stress, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to alleviate this stress. (aiche.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44(ERp44), an unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced endoplasmic reticulum(ER) protein, is induced during ER stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Plants can cope with ER stress through the degradation of misfolded proteins via the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). (boku.ac.at)
Wang F, Wu Y, Gu H, Reece EA, Fang S, Gabbay-Benviz R, Aberdeen GW , Yang P. Ask1 gene deletion blocks maternal diabetes-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the developing embryo by disrupting the unfolded protein response signalosome. (umaryland.edu)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when protein homeostasis in the ER lumen is perturbed. (tmc.edu)
[ 1 ] This pump maintains a low cytoplasmic Ca 2+ level by actively transporting calcium ions from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. (medscape.com)

Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
Since sleep loss causes ER stress 6 and impairs protein synthesis , 7 Kawano and his colleagues believe that organisms cope with ER stress in peripheral tissues by signaling to the brain that sleep is required. (the-scientist.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), commonly known as a significant component of endomembrane system, is responsible for the regulation of lipid, glucose, Ca 2+ homeostasis and protein synthesis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some studies of keratosis follicularis (Darier disease) have suggested that alterations in calcium regulation may affect the synthesis, folding, or trafficking of desmosomal proteins. (medscape.com)

Cryopyrin (also called NALP3, PYPAF1, or NACHT, leucine-rich repeat [LRR], and PYD domains-containing protein 3) is a member of the APAF-1/NOD1-like protein family, which regulates apoptosis and inflammation. (medscape.com)
FOXA2 overexpression alleviated LPS‑induced inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and ERS in WI‑38 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of FOXA2 on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as well as ERS in LPS‑induced WI‑38 cells were partly weakened by additional treatment with U46619. (spandidos-publications.com)
BMP7 aberrantly induced in the psoriatic epidermis instructs inflammation-associated Langerhans cells. (tugraz.at)
To study specifically the mechanisms related to Neuhi in AH patients and liver injury, we used the mouse model of chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding and found that myeloid-specific deletion of the Ncf1 gene abolished ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation and steatosis. (jci.org)
Finally, our observation that 100 nm particulates elicit much stronger responses than an equivalent mass of their 1-um counterparts argues in favor of a role for surface chemistry in particulate-induced inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)

Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
The transcription factor CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homology protein) accumulated in response to carfilzomib exposure, with CHOP depletion conferring protection against cytotoxicity. (ascopost.com)

These diseases were reclassified based on the innate immunity mechanisms and the inflammasome, a protein complex containing caspases involved in the proteolytic cleavage of interleukin (IL)-1 precursors to produce active forms of IL-1 (explaining the pathogenesis of fevers in these individuals) (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
However, in recent years, it is being increasingly recognized that, in individual cells, there are graded responses collectively termed cell-autonomous defense mechanisms that induce cellular processes designed to limit cell damage, enable repair, and eliminate bacteria. (nih.gov)
In this review, we will describe the mechanisms used by bacteria to activate the ER stress sensors and discuss their role during infection. (nih.gov)
He has focused especially on mechanisms of ER quality control of protein folding and on recognition and delivery of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosolic proteasomes for ERAD. (tau.ac.il)
Mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding and quality control. (tau.ac.il)
The mechanisms regulating mitochondrial protein trafficking into and out of the nucleus and the role these proteins play in the nucleus remain to be elucidated. (pdbwiki.org)
The mechanisms by which specific ATP2A2 mutations impact the function of the ATP2A2 protein have been investigated using an in vitro model. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Thus, diverse biochemical mechanisms are responsible for altered protein function. (medscape.com)
Such extreme events are likely to become more common with the global climate change, increasing the importance of studying the molecular mechanisms by which plants respond to stress conditions. (boku.ac.at)
Compared with those systems, the mechanisms of the ER stress response are poorly understood in plants, especially when considering the plant-specific mechanisms that may regulate growth under stress conditions. (boku.ac.at)
Thus, my PhD project aims to investigate the mechanisms by which PILS may balance stress adaptation and growth regulation in plants. (boku.ac.at)

The results showed that Sp110 interacts with heat shock protein 5 (Hspa5) to activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, and that this is essential for Sp110 enhanced macrophage resistance to Mtb . (oncotarget.com)

In healthy individuals, cryopyrin and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) interact via the oligomerization of ASC to induce both apoptosis and activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. (medscape.com)
The ER is also important during bacterial infection, and bacterial effectors that activate the ER stress sensors have been discovered. (nih.gov)
Increasing evidence now indicate that bacteria have evolved strategies to differentially activate different arms of ER stress sensors resulting in specific host cell response. (nih.gov)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)

Reducing expression of this gene increases susceptibility to ER stress-induced death and results in cell proliferation. (genscript.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1-like β (ERO1lβ) regulates susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum stress and is induced by insulin flux in β-cells. (nih.gov)
Mice lacking Ern2 had a dysbiotic microbial community that failed to induce goblet cell development and increased susceptibility to colitis when transferred into germ-free wild type mice. (jci.org)

When the mitochondrial membrane potential changes, apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs) are also released. (wikipedia.org)
These in turn lead to a decrease in essential cellular functions such as protein translation or mitochondrial respiration and the induction of innate immune responses that may be specific to the cellular deficit induced. (nih.gov)
Collectively, our data indicate that MSC therapy rescues impaired mitochondrial morphology, enhances host metabolic capacity, and induces widespread host gene shifting. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria supply metabolites for epigenetic modifications and other nuclear-associated activities and certain mitochondrial proteins were found in the nucleus. (pdbwiki.org)
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. (pdbwiki.org)
To alter the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87-MG and U118-MG cell-derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. (pdbwiki.org)
In addition, we demonstrate that certain mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspases 3, 8, and 9, and p53 were unexpectedly overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that they possess additional non-apoptotic functions. (pdbwiki.org)
Differences in mechanical and fatigue properties of diaphragm motor units are the result of expression of different contractile proteins and mitochondrial volume densities in corresponding muscle fiber types. (mayo.edu)

KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
The cross-talk between the mitochondrion and the nucleus regulates cellular functions, including differentiation and adaptation to stress. (pdbwiki.org)

Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts uniquely express ERN2/IRE1β, a paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ERN1/IRE1α. (jci.org)
Electron microscopy reveals loss of desmosomes (epithelial intercellular junctions formed by membrane and submembrane protein complexes), breakdown of desmosome-keratin intermediate filament attachment, and perinuclear aggregates of keratin intermediate filaments. (medscape.com)

Many of these responses are triggered not by detection of a particular bacterial effector or ligand but rather by their effects on key cellular processes and changes in homeostasis induced by microbial effectors when recognized. (nih.gov)
Impaired protein homeostasis induced by endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction is a key feature of a variety of age-related brain diseases including stroke. (duke.edu)

The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)

This causes stress on the endoplasmic reticulum, which releases calcium. (wikipedia.org)
ATP2A2, located on 12q23-24.1, encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATP isoform 2 protein (SERCA2), which is a calcium pump. (medscape.com)
The investigators found that the resultant transfected cells showed defects in ATP2A2 protein expression (15 mutants), ATP hydrolysis (29 mutants), calcium transport (4 mutants), and calcium binding and kinetics (3 mutants). (medscape.com)
It has been proposed that production of ROS leads to the oxidation of calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. (cdc.gov)

Collectively, these findings suggest oxidative stress, induced by particulates in alveolar macrophages and possibly alveolar epithelia, as a potential contributing factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease or exacerbation of existing disease associated with exposure to airborne particulates. (cdc.gov)

POH induced apoptosis in TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant glioma cells. (cns.org)

Western blotting was performed to examine the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‑associated factors. (spandidos-publications.com)
It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
1 A new paper 1 reports on how the loss of autophagy along with beta cell expression of IAPP (amyloid islet polypeptide, also called amylin), a 37 amino acid protein coexpressed and released by pancreatic beta cells along with insulin, results in the death (apoptosis) of beta cells. (life-enhancement.com)
It also downregulated the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and reduced retinal reactive gliosis. (molvis.org)
This occurred only after colonization of the alimentary tract with normal gut microflora, which induced Ern2 expression. (jci.org)
Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of ERp44 and Glucose-Regulated Protein 78(GRP78) in NPC. (biomedcentral.com)
We found the increased expression of ERp44 and GRP78 in NPC and ERp44 was highly expressed in ER-stressed tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 25 ] In particular, studies have revealed that keratosis follicularis (Darier disease) keratinocytes displayed abnormal trafficking of the desmosomal protein desmoplakin and abnormal expression of cytokeratins 10 and 14. (medscape.com)
Iron-containing particles have been proposed as a mechanism of introducing unregulated iron into cells, and soluble iron has been shown to induce the expression ofTNF-a in Kupffer cells, which was preceded by an increase in hydroxyl radicals. (cdc.gov)
TNF-a then induces the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules upon proximal septal capillary endothelium resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the site. (cdc.gov)

While some effector proteins specifically target bacterial or eukaryotic cells, others can target both types of cells (trans-kingdom effectors). (frontiersin.org)

The Sigma-1 receptor is an ER-localized type II membrane protein. (tau.ac.il)
Recently, ARMER, a novel integral ER-membrane protein was shown to protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)

PIs also have a high affinity for the catalytic site of HIV-1 protease, which shares a 60% sequence homology with 2 proteins involved in lipid metabolism, cytoplasmic retinoic acid-binding protein type 1 (CRABP-1), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LDLR-RP). (medscape.com)

An in vitro pneumonia model was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in WI‑38 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

and protein maturation. (nih.gov)
PDIA1/P4HB is required for efficient proinsulin maturation and ß cell health in response to diet induced obesity. (nih.gov)
Using conventionally raised and germ-free Ern2-/- mice, we found that ERN2 was required for microbiota-induced goblet cell maturation and mucus barrier assembly in the colon. (jci.org)

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is reported to cause apoptosis of infected cells and several of its proteins including the 3a accessory protein, are pro-apoptotic. (nih.gov)
Since the 3a protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi compartment, its role in causing ER stress was investigated in transiently transfected cells. (nih.gov)
of N-acetylcysteine on fluoride-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in sertoli cells]. (fluoridealert.org)
OBJECTIVE: Investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on endoplasmic reticulum stress of sertoli cells induced by sodium fluoride (NaF). (fluoridealert.org)
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a multiprotein device that has emerged as an important fitness and virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria through the injection of effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via a contractile mechanism. (frontiersin.org)
Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
FOXA2 was downregulated in LPS‑induced WI‑38 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the absence of adequate autophagy, the toxic effects of IAPP deposits induces endoplasmic reticulum stress that kills beta cells and can, in that way, lead to type II diabetes. (life-enhancement.com)
In the paper (Rivera, 2014) the researchers report on their experiments with rodent beta cell islets, showing that when autophagy was stimulated by the autophagy-inducing drug rapamycin that (at the dose used) beta cell IAPP content was reduced by 54% ±5.5% versus untreated (no rapamycin) cells. (life-enhancement.com)
Little progress has been made in understanding how proteotoxic stress affects rapidly proliferating pancreatic tumor cells. (tmc.edu)
In this dissertation, I investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its effects on the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
Further evaluation of the UPR-mediated effects on cell cycle progression revealed that pancreatic cancer cells showed a compromised ability to inhibit G1 to S phase progression after ER stress. (tmc.edu)
These findings indicate that pancreatic cancer cells have increased tolerance for elevated ER stress compared to normal cells, and this tolerance results in continued tumor cell proliferation under proteotoxic conditions. (tmc.edu)
Our data suggested that exosomal ERp44 derived from ER-stressed NPC cells took an inevitable role in NPC chemoresistance and might act as a treatment target. (biomedcentral.com)
In some conditions, especially in tumor microenvironment, cells undergo nutrient deprivation, hypoxia or drug-induced toxicity, protein folding is interfered. (biomedcentral.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the signalling hubs by which plant cells sense and respond to stress. (boku.ac.at)
Lead-induced apoptosis in PC 12 cells: involvement of p53, Bcl-2 family and caspase-3. (who.int)
We learned how the T-cell aging process translates into metabolic reprogramming of the T-cells - how a good, strong, and protective T-cell transforms into a disease-inducing T-cell. (medscape.com)

The studies demonstrate that D. salina exhibits potent protective effects on UVB radiation-induced corneal oxidative damage in mice, likely due to both the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. (molvis.org)
In order to measure ER stress in cell lines engineered for high-levels of recombinant protein production, this research aims to demonstrate the presence of ER stress associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody production, elucidate the progression of UPR in response to highly producing recombinant protein, and determine the effect of UPR on product quality. (aiche.org)

The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. (novusbio.com)
Under conditions of moderate ER stress, the UPR promotes cell cycle arrest which allows time for successful protein load reduction and enables cell survival. (tmc.edu)
Moreover, overexpression of Sp110 promotes degradation of ribosomal protein Rps3a, resulting in upregulation of the activity of the pro-apoptotic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (oncotarget.com)
Although activation of TrkB signaling promotes development of epilepsy in this context, it also reduces SE-induced neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)

The 3a protein was found to induce serine phosphorylation within the IFN alpha-receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) degradation motif and to increase IFNAR1 ubiquitination. (nih.gov)
Delivery of misfolded proteins to ER-associated degradation (ERAD). (tau.ac.il)
Two of the mutations that Kawano and the team identified were in sel-1 and sel-11, which are involved in the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. (the-scientist.com)
Further studies revealed that Sp110 also interacts with the RNA binding protein, Ncl to promote its degradation. (oncotarget.com)

Experimentally inducing SE by diverse methods is sufficient to induce late onset TLE in species ranging from rodents to nonhuman primates ( Pitkänen, 2010 ). (jneurosci.org)

GADD153 encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. (novusbio.com)

ERK1/2 inhibitors act as monovalent degraders inducing ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2, but not ERK1. (babraham.ac.uk)

Pridopidine reduces mutant huntingtin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by modulation of the Sigma-1 receptor. (tau.ac.il)

Under non-infection conditions, these systems are generally involved in sensing cellular stress and in inducing and orchestrating the subsequent cellular response. (nih.gov)
however , secretion levels needed for industrial cell lines likely leads to an imbalance in ER homeostasis, resulting in increased cellular stress. (aiche.org)

N- trans -Feruloyloctopamine (FO) is the extract of garlic skin, which possesses high antioxidant activity and selectively induces cell apoptosis in leukemia tumors [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Pardaxin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human cancer cell lines. (wikipedia.org)

Although apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to be mediated by caspase-12, other caspases such as caspase-9 are also thought to be activated following ER stress. (thermofisher.com)

Protein aggregation of SERCA2 mutants associated with Darier disease elicits ER stress and apoptosis in keratinocytes. (medscape.com)

These results provide further mechanistic details of the pro-apoptotic effects of the SARS-CoV 3a protein, and suggest a potential role for it in attenuating interferon responses and innate immunity. (nih.gov)

Importantly, genetic disruption of TrkB-Shc signaling exacerbated hippocampal neuronal death induced by SE. (jneurosci.org)

Furthermore, pyrin interacts with proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein (PSTPIP1), also known as CD2-binding protein 1 (CD2BP1), which is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein involved in cytoskeletal organization and thereby involved in immunologic cellular interactions. (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Dunaliella salina ( D. salina ) on UVB radiation-induced corneal oxidative damage in male imprinting control region (ICR) mice. (molvis.org)
Corneal oxidative damage was induced by exposure to UVB radiation at 560 μW/cm 2 . (molvis.org)

ART and its derivatives are bio-transformed by the liver to the active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) ( Figure 1 ), which can be activated by iron, resulting in endoperoxide radicals that damage proteins via the formation of covalent adducts. (biorxiv.org)
we have demonstrated that pure carbon particulates show little or no Fenton reactivity with H202 as indicated by ESR of DMPO- OH adducts, and induce little if any TNF-a production by exposed macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. (novusbio.com)

ER stress-inducible protein MANF selectively expresses in human spleen. (genscript.com)

It is expected research in this area will lead to improved engineering strategies for developing cell lines for higher titers of desired recombinant proteins, including relevant therapeutic protein products. (aiche.org)

In a different study, in which researchers systematically analyzed mutations identical to those found in patients with Darier disease, mutant SERCA2 protein aggregates were found to cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)

In conclusion, FOXA2 served a protective role against LPS‑induced pneumonia by regulating p38/STAT3 signaling, providing a novel idea for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for pneumonia. (spandidos-publications.com)

Each antibacterial effector gene is located upstream of a gene encoding a hypothetic immunity protein, thus conforming an effector/immunity (E/I) module. (frontiersin.org)

Inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using ELISA kits and oxidative stress markers were assessed using a malondialdehyde assay kit, superoxide dismutase assay kit and CATalase assay kit. (spandidos-publications.com)
Measurements of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)was determined by western blots of ERS markers. (cns.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms13

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs108

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Pathways17

Kinase5

Pathway8

Accumulation of unfolded proteins2

Genes6

MRNA2

Unfolded Protein13

Lumen2

Synthesis4

Inflammation7

Inositol-requir1

CHOP4

Mechanisms11

HSPA51

Activate4

Susceptibility3

Mitochondrial8

Regulates2

Epithelial2

Homeostasis induced2

IRE11

Calcium4

Collectively1

Glioma cells1

Expression11

Effectors1

Membrane2

Metabolism1

Vitro1

Maturation3

Cells18

Demonstrate2

Promotes4

Degradation4

Onset1

Encodes1

Proteasome-dependent1

Receptor1

Cellular stress2

Tumors1

Proliferation1

Caspases1

Aggregation1

Apoptotic1

Neuronal1

Serine1

Oxidative damage2

Adducts2

Chromosome1

Selectively1

Recombinant1

Mutant1

CONCLUSION1

Immunity1

Markers2