In hippocampal neurons, long-lasting down-regulation of ligation mRNA levels occurs via post-transcriptional RNA processing following glutamate receptor activation. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons4
Anti-PrP antibodies targeting epitopes in the C-terminal domain induce currents, and cause degeneration of dendrites on murine hippocampal neurons, effects that entirely dependent on the effector function of the N-terminus. (elifesciences.org)
In one, published December 28 last year, first author Sabrina Simoes and colleagues reported that neurons rely on vacuolar protein sorting ortholog 26b (VPS26b), a retromer component. (alzforum.org)
In the January 18 issue, Small, Beth Stevens at Boston Children's Hospital, and colleagues reported that knocking out a different retromer protein, VPS35, in hippocampal neurons in mice not only jammed neuronal endosome traffic but also caused microglia to assume shapes resembling those seen in AD. (alzforum.org)
Adding VPS35 back into the neurons restored both protein trafficking and microglial morphology. (alzforum.org)
Receptor8
This gene encodes a protein receptor that localizes phosphoglycoproteins within endosomes and at the cell periphery. (wikipedia.org)
This trafficking receptor for phosphoglycoproteins may play a role in neuroplasticity by modulating cell-cell interactions, intracellular adhesion, and protein binding at membrane surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Potently and selectively blocks the desensitization of ionotropic glutamate AMPA receptor (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3 and GRIA4). (cusabio.com)
The toxin acts like a straightjacket on the ligand-binding domain (LBD) 'gating ring' of the receptor, restraining the domains via both intra- and interdimer cross-links such that agonist-induced closure of the LBD 'clamshells' is transduced into an irislike expansion of the gating ring. (cusabio.com)
When they tried to induce LTD with a glycine blocker (glycine is an obligatory co-agonist for NMDAR), they could again induce LTD. Their working hypothesis is that glutamate binding to NMDAR is necessary for LTD, but not ion flow through the receptor. (trailofpapers.net)
This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
Knocking it out in mice slowed glutamate receptor recycling and weakened synaptic transmission, but only in the transentorhinal cortex, hinting at why this region is so vulnerable to AD pathology in people. (alzforum.org)
Indeed, LTP weakened and glutamate receptor GluA1 expression was lower in TEC brain slices, while both were normal in the medial entorhinal cortex. (alzforum.org)
Receptors1
One guy (specific names withheld) talked about potential drugs for glutamate receptors, which consisted of showing chemical structures of existing drugs, and 3D reconstructions of receptors. (trailofpapers.net)
GluA12
Furthermore, Western blot pulldowns showed that CNIH binds to GluA1, but not GluA2. (trailofpapers.net)
Thus it appears the CNIH selectively bind to GluA1. (trailofpapers.net)
Synaptic5
In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
Excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is predominantly mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, while inhibitory transmission is mediated mainly by the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). (frontiersin.org)
Assembly and maturation of synapses at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) depend on trans-synaptic Neurexin/Neuroligin signalling, which is promoted by the scaffolding protein Syd-1 binding to Neurexin. (sdbonline.org)
Chemical synapses release synaptic vesicles (SVs) at specialized presynaptic membranes, so-called active zones (AZs), which are characterized by electron-dense structures, reflecting the presence of extended molecular protein scaffolds. (sdbonline.org)
Hippocampal Synaptic Alterations Associated with Tau Pathology in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy. (neurotree.org)
Slices1
Application of the toxin to hippocampal slices causes a large and rapid increase in resting AMPAR-mediated current leading to neuronal death. (cusabio.com)
Residues1
In contrast, if zinc binding cysteine residues of MT3 are oxidized, MT3 may release zinc and result in much more cell death. (ilreceptor.com)
Conformational2
With the advent, development and refining of single-molecule nanomechanical techniques that enable the conformational dynamics of individual proteins under the effect of a calibrated force to be probed, we have begun to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the diverse physicochemical principles that regulate the elasticity of single proteins. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The experiments showed that one end of the protein, called the N-terminus, is involved in the movement of electrical charges across the cell membrane and is able to cause cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
Pathways1
This protein is not a component of the heterotrimeric eIF2 complex, but instead functions in different pathways of eukaryotic translation. (wikipedia.org)
Extracellular2
Cytotactin, an extracellular matrix protein of neural and non-neural tissues that mediates glia-neuron interaction. (academicinfluence.com)
For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
Phosphorylation1
and group 4 (late-elderly, 75-85).Protein levels and deregulated protein phosphorylation linked to similar biological terms/functions, but involving different individual proteins, are found in FC with age. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Adhesion2
Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. (academicinfluence.com)
Binding of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) to the cellular prion protein. (academicinfluence.com)
Currents2
MK-801 is a competitive antagonist that binds to NMDARs differently than APV, and blocks NMDAR currents. (trailofpapers.net)
Ligands binding to the N-terminal domain abolish the spontaneous ionic currents associated with neurotoxic mutants of PrP, and the isolated N-terminal domain induces currents when expressed in the absence of the C-terminal domain. (elifesciences.org)
Mice1
In mice, loss of Spn (Neurabin II), one of the two Neurabin protein families present in mammals, was reported to provoke a developmental increase in synapse numbers (Feng, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
Cellular4
However, protein levels of components of cell membranes, vesicles and synapses, RNA modulation, and cellular structures (including tau and tubulin filaments) are markedly altered from the age of 75. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Mechanical force modulates the conformation and function of individual proteins, and this underpins many mechanically driven cellular processes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
PrP C , the cellular isoform of the prion protein, serves to transduce the neurotoxic effects of PrP Sc , the infectious isoform, but how this occurs is mysterious. (elifesciences.org)
These diseases are caused by refolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) into an infectious isoform (PrP Sc ) that catalytically templates its abnormal conformation onto additional molecules of PrP C ( Prusiner, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
Kinase1
VEGF-induced pMF was attenuated by the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis( o -aminophenylmercapto)butadiene] and was abolished by the phosphotidinositol 3 kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4 H )-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride], demonstrating that ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt are both required for full expression of VEGF-induced pMF. (jneurosci.org)
Induce1
In the metallothioneins, MT3 is especially enriched while in the brain, Some MT3 zinc binding web sites are redox modulated, making it possible for MT3 to accept and release zinc in response to changes in oxidative standing, Mainly because MT3 can induce or minimize zinc toxicity based on context, it could improve or reduce brain damage, based on the specific state of MT3. (ilreceptor.com)
Matrices1
Although inhibitory postsynaptic sites lack PSDs, they also consist of complex protein matrices. (frontiersin.org)
Molecule2
This Review addresses single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments conducted on proteins with a known role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in eukaryotic cells. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Prion diseases are a group of degenerative illnesses of the brain caused when a molecule called the prion protein (PrP for short) adopts the wrong shape. (elifesciences.org)
Brain1
It had been shown that certain altered PrP proteins caused the death of brain cells by allowing excessive electrical charges to cross the membranes of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
Function3
This protein contains single PUA and SUI1 domains and these domains may function in RNA binding and translation initiation, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
This study shows that the conserved scaffold protein spinophilin (Spn) is able to fine-tune Nrx-1 function by binding the Nrx-1 C terminus with micromolar affinity via its PDZ domain. (sdbonline.org)
In two recent Cell Reports papers, scientists led by Scott Small, Columbia University, New York, detail new insights into the function of the retromer, an endosome protein complex linked to Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
Calcium1
The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Contrast1
By contrast, the other end of the protein, the C-terminus, acts as a regulator for the N-terminus and can prevent cell degeneration. (elifesciences.org)
Stability1
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
Large1
Noteworthy, protein levels of large clusters of hierarchically-related protein expression levels are stable until 70. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Domain1
In Drosophila, the Syd-1-PDZ domain binds the Nrx-1 C terminus and couples pre- with postsynaptic maturation at nascent synapses of glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in Drosophila larvae. (sdbonline.org)
Levels1
In particular, prenatal cannabinoid treatment reduced the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 in selected subcellular compartments of hippocampus, frontal and prefrontal cortex, whereas no changes were observed in the total levels of these proteins. (researchgate.net)
Single1
Here, we review the major advances underpinning our current understanding of how the elasticity of single proteins regulates mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Effects1
Effects of ovarian steroids and raloxifene on proteins that synthesize, transport, and degrade serotonin in the raphe region of macaques. (jamanetwork.com)
Found1
With respect to scaffolding proteins, Syd-1 was found to promote synapse assembly in C. elegans, Drosophila and rodents. (sdbonline.org)
Role1
In Spn mutants, excessive AZs suffered from insufficient evoked release, which may be partly explained by their reduced size, and partly by a genuine functional role of Spn (potentially mediated via Nrx-1 binding). (sdbonline.org)
Acts1
These data indicate that Drosophila Spn-like protein acts presynaptically to attenuate Nrx-1/Nlg1 signalling and protects from excessive seeding of new AZ scaffolds at the NMJ. (sdbonline.org)
Shown1
Each protein co-localized with VPS35 (not shown). (alzforum.org)