AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
Hepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis BHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B virusHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis CBlood DonorsCarrier StateDNA, ViralHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis, ChronicImmunoglobulin MRadioimmunoassaySeroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, ViralImmunoenzyme TechniquesHepatitis C AntibodiesLiverHepatitis AEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayEpitopesLiver CirrhosisHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitis C AntigensPrevalenceAntigensLamivudineViral Core ProteinsChronic DiseaseHepatitis C, ChronicHepatitisAcute DiseaseHepacivirusAntiviral AgentsHepatitis VirusesHepatitis B Virus, DuckHepatitis A virusLiver TransplantationCarcinoma, HepatocellularHepatitis, Viral, AnimalRisk FactorsAntigens, ViralViral Hepatitis VaccinesAntigens, BacterialLiver NeoplasmsMolecular Sequence DataHepatitis A VaccinesTissue Donors
HBsAgHBcAgVaccineHBeAgViral HepatitisHepatocellular carcinomaELISAImmunizationVaccinationVirus infectionCirrhosisSurfaceLiver cancerRecombinant antigenSerumAntibody to hepatitisVirusesInfection with hepatitis B virParticlesFulminant hepatitisGlycoproteinPolymerasePeople with hepatitisReactivityInfectious hepatitisDetectionSymptomatic hepatitisControl of hepatitis C virAvailable to prevent hepatitisRisk for hepatitis B infectionHBcrAgSerologicGenomeVirionCarrierHBcAbGenePatientsHumansInfectionsCases of acuteStructural proteinsImmunodominantColi
HBsAg25
  • Mutations that occur within the immunodominant epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) allow mutant virus to propagate in the presence of a neutralizing immune response, while wild-type virus is reduced to undetectable levels. (cdc.gov)
  • An understanding of immunoassay reactivity with HBsAg mutants is key to establishing an appropriate testing algorithm for hepatitis B virus detection programs. (cdc.gov)
  • This article addresses recent information concerning the emergence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants, their impact on viral antigen presentation, latest prevalence data, and discussion of the issues associated with detection of mutants in healthcare settings. (cdc.gov)
  • We determined the serum level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) in 273 randomly selected 7-9-year-old schoolchildren from Zanjan City, Islamic Republic of Iran, who had been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B starting at birth. (who.int)
  • The presence of HBsAg indicates that the person is infectious, except when it might be transiently positive within 30 days after a dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). (cdc.gov)
  • HBsAg is the antigen used to make HepB vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • outer lipid envelope with the surface antigen (HBsAg). (slideserve.com)
  • 3 ] This vaccine contained purified plasma-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and was safe and highly successful in preventing HBV infection. (uw.edu)
  • The presence of anti-HBs without HBsAg indicates two possible scenarios: either previous, cleared infection or vaccination against hepatitis B virus distinguishing between these two scenarios is possible with further serological testing. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • Routine screening of donor blood for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has nearly eliminated the previously common posttransfusion transmission, but transmission through needles shared by drug users remains common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, HBsAg quantification (qHBsAg), HB corerelated antigen (HBcrAg) and HBV RNA among others, have been suggested as additional markers that could predict more precisely, patients with active infection who are likely to have long term complications [12]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • There is a renewed interest in the quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) assay as a marker of hepatitis B viral activities in the last ten years [13]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test is used to detect the presence of hepatitis B surface antigens in your blood. (metropolisindia.com)
  • The HBsAg test is usually performed as part of a panel of tests, such as the hepatitis B panel, which also includes tests for other hepatitis viruses. (metropolisindia.com)
  • Your doctor may recommend the HBsAg test if you have symptoms of acute hepatitis B, such as fatigue, fever, abdominal pain, dark urine, or yellowing of your skin or eyes ( jaundice ). (metropolisindia.com)
  • If the HBsAg test is positive, it means that you have a chronic hepatitis B infection and require treatment. (metropolisindia.com)
  • The HBsAg test is used to screen for hepatitis B infection and to help diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis B. This test can also be used to monitor people who are at risk for hepatitis B infection, such as people with HIV or those who have been exposed to the virus. (metropolisindia.com)
  • The HBsAg test is used to diagnose hepatitis B, determine if you are a carrier of the virus, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment for hepatitis B. (metropolisindia.com)
  • The HBsAg test is usually done as part of a panel of tests for hepatitis B. Other tests in this panel may include the hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and the hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). (metropolisindia.com)
  • The common tests for hepatitis b are HbsAg, liver function test, HBV genotype, Hbeag, anti-Hbe and hepatitis b viral load. (com.ng)
  • The outer shell contains a protein called hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or Australian antigen . (athenslab.gr)
  • The presence of this antibody concomitantly with a positive result in screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) usually indicates carrier status. (athenslab.gr)
  • These non- infectious particles are made out of the proteins and lipids that structures some portions of the surface of the virion, which is known as the surface antigen (HBsAg), and is delivered in overabundance amid the virus's life cycle. (boseinformatics.com)
  • The surface antigen (HBsAg) is encoded by gene S is the quality that codes for. (boseinformatics.com)
  • For example, a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level of less than 1 s/c is considered negative, while a level more than 5 s/c is considered positive. (medscape.com)
HBcAg8
  • HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • HBcAg is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus). (wikipedia.org)
  • When both HBcAg and HBeAg proteins are present, it acts as a marker of viral replication, and antibodies to these antigens indicates declining replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: anti-HBcAg core IgM (monoclonal) Produced against recombinant HBcAg core antigen. (10genomics.com)
  • an electron-dense core (nucleocapsid): ds circular DNA and polymerase surrounded by the core antigen (HBcAg). (slideserve.com)
  • HEPATITIS B VIRUS CORE ANTIGEN Recombinantly created Hepatitis B Virus center antigen (HBcAg). (capstudy.org)
  • Therefore, we developed and implemented a soft ensemble vote classifier (sEVC) framework based on chimeric hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) amino acid sequences and 91 publicly available hydrophobicity scales. (kit.edu)
  • The four genes coded by the genome are: C, X, P, and S. Gene C (HBcAg) encodes the core protein whose start codon comes before an upstream AUG start codon, which produces the pre-core protein. (boseinformatics.com)
Vaccine23
  • There is no vaccine against hepatitis C. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
  • There is no vaccine against hepatitis C. Having hepatitis C and then getting better will not stop you from getting it again. (britishlivertrust.org.uk)
  • In 1991, the World at least 6-8 years before with 3 doses of Health Organization (WHO) recommended hepatitis B vaccine starting at birth to that hepatitis B vaccination be included provide information on the effect of the in national immunization programmes in immunization strategy for hepatitis B and countries with a hepatitis B surface antigen the need for booster doses. (who.int)
  • Anti-HBs also develops in a person who has been successfully vaccinated against hepatitis B. Among vaccine responders who completed a vaccine series, anti-HBs levels can decline over time, however the majority are still immune and will mount a response when exposed to HBV. (cdc.gov)
  • People who have immunity to hepatitis B from a vaccine do not develop anti-HBc. (cdc.gov)
  • Many plants are prolific natural producers of proteins, potentially making them efficient 'factories' for vaccine or antibody production. (iptonline.com)
  • Speed of growth, the volume of potential growth (often indicated by leaf size) and the capacity to transiently host foreign genetic material (i.e., the gene encoding a monoclonal antibody or a vaccine antigen) are all taken into consideration when assessing the suitability of a plant species as a bioreactor. (iptonline.com)
  • For the N. benthamiana platform, the ideal bacterium is Agrobacterium tumefaciens that has been attenuated, so that it no longer makes the plants sick, and has been modified, so that it inserts the genetic information to drive production of the vaccine protein instead of its own proteins. (iptonline.com)
  • 1 ] Following the licensure of the first hepatitis B vaccine in 1981, there have been major advances in hepatitis B vaccines. (uw.edu)
  • In addition, vaccine recommendations have evolved over the past several decades, culminating in the recommendation for universal hepatitis B immunization for all persons younger than 60 years of age. (uw.edu)
  • The first hepatitis B vaccine, which was plasma-derived, was licensed in the United States in 1981. (uw.edu)
  • This happens whether you are exposed due to blood or sexual contact or if you are vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • With the vaccine, the sample contains the protein only and not the virus itself. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • In the US, 3322 cases of acute hepatitis B infection were reported in 2018-a decrease from the 25,000 annual cases reported before use of hepatitis B vaccine became widespread. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our Hepatitis C antigen is a highly purified core protein for use in assay development, vaccine research and as antigens for the preparation of specific antibodies. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Self-assembling protein nanoparticles showed promise for vaccine design due to efficient antigen presentations and safety. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importantly, our study demonstrated that MD simulations on dimers can provide preliminary predictions on the assembly properties of HBc derivatives, thus aiding vaccine design by lowering the risk of self-assembling failures in engineered proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over 250 crystal structures of monoclonal Fab fragments and complexes with a variety of antigens, such as peptides, steroids, cocaine, and proteins, including HIV-1, gp120 and gp41, have led to significant insights into antibody-antigen recognition, virus neutralization, and vaccine design for HIV-1. (scripps.edu)
  • We have also determined structures of almost all of the rare, broadly neutralizing antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope proteins, gp120 and gp41, in order to elucidate the sites of vulnerability that can be used for HIV-1 vaccine design. (scripps.edu)
  • ELISpot analysis showed that coordination between DCs and ILCs contributed to successful adaptive immunity against vaccine antigens in the skin. (omicsdi.org)
  • a safe and effective vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis B infection caused by HBV. (medscape.com)
  • Both immune globulin (IG) and hepatitis A vaccine are available for prevention of hepatitis A. Immune globulin can be used as either pre- or postexposure prophylaxis and hepatitis A vaccine can be used for preexposure prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
  • hepatitis B can be prevented using either preexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccine or postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine. (cdc.gov)
HBeAg7
  • The One Step HBeAg Test is designed for in vitro diagnostic use in the rapid and qualitative detection of Hepatitis Be antigen directly from serum. (prsbio.com)
  • The one-step strip-style HBeAg test is a direct binding rapid test for the visual detection of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in serum to aid in the diagnosis of hepatitis B infection. (prsbio.com)
  • HBeAg is the soluble component of the core, with is released during active infection. (slideserve.com)
  • Similarly, in a person with an HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, an HBV viral load of greater than 2,000 IU/mL indicates that the virus is active and has the potential to cause damage to the liver. (com.ng)
  • The inner core also contains another protein called antigen e (HBeAg) . (athenslab.gr)
  • HBeAg is delivered by proteolytic handling of the pre-core protein. (boseinformatics.com)
  • Proposed cutoffs for consideration for antiviral therapy is 100,000 copies/mL or 20,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis and 10,000 copies/mL or 2,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-negative patients. (medscape.com)
Viral Hepatitis15
  • Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
  • During the course of acute viral hepatitis, some functional and anatomical changes to the gallbladder can occur. (hindawi.com)
  • Limited number of cases of ACC were reported to be associated with acute viral hepatitis A infection [ 5 , 10 - 13 ] and only one case reported with hepatitis B infection [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Viral hepatitis is viral infection of the liver that causes hepatic inflammation which is followed by the classic icteric symptoms of jaundice and the release of liver enzymes. (slideserve.com)
  • Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis Acute viral hepatitis is diffuse liver inflammation caused by specific hepatotropic viruses that have diverse modes of transmission and epidemiologies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hepatitis A Hepatitis A is caused by an enterically transmitted RNA virus that, in older children and adults, causes typical symptoms of viral hepatitis, including anorexia, malaise, and jaundice. (msdmanuals.com)
  • See also Pediatric Hepatitis A, Pediatric Hepatitis C, and Viral Hepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E: An Overview Hepatitis Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [SLIDE 1] Title Slide [This slide set presents an overview of the clinical and epidemiologic features for viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E and prevention measures for these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • SLIDE 2] Viral Hepatitis: Historical Perspective Before the discovery of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the 1960s and 1970s, patients with viral hepatitis were classified based on epidemiologic studies as having either infectious (transmitted person to person by the fecal-oral route) or serum (transmitted by transfusion of blood products) hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some patients with typical signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis did not have serologic markers of HAV, HBV or HDV infection and were categorized based on epidemiologic characteristics as having either parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis or enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, some patients with typical signs and symptoms of acute viral hepatitis do not have serologic markers of any of these types of viral hepatitis and can be classified as having non-ABCDE hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Characterization of the epidemiology and clinical features of these and other possible agents of viral hepatitis will await the development of diagnostic assays. (cdc.gov)
  • SLIDE 3] Viral Hepatitis: Overview For HAV and HEV, the primary source of virus is in feces and the fecal-oral route is the predominant mode of transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • SLIDE 4] Acute Viral Hepatitis, by Type, United States, 1982-1993 Of acute hepatitis cases in the United States from 1982 through 1993, 47% were attributable to hepatitis A, 34% to hepatitis B, 16% to hepatitis C, and 3% were negative for serologic markers of HAV, HBV, and HCV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • SLIDE 5] Estimates of Acute and Chronic Disease Burden for Viral Hepatitis, United States Viral hepatitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Hepatocellular carcinoma9
  • HCV is a major public health problem because it causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (medscape.com)
  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections are major causes of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. (mdpi.com)
  • There is a form of liver cancer known as, 'Hepatocellular Carcinoma,' that is associated with chronic hepatitis B. Fortunately, Hepatitis B is nearly always something that can be prevented. (disabled-world.com)
  • Patients may also develop chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • They are applying this platform to develop HIV vaccines and creating new therapeutic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), a leading cause of cervical cancer, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection, a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. (wistar.org)
  • Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular carcinoma abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans. (anigenetics.com)
  • The natural history of chronic HBV infection ranges from an inactive carrier state (hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic infection) to progressive chronic hepatitis that may evolve in end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. (unito.it)
  • Long-term complications of hepatitis B include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
ELISA4
  • ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • Qualitative determination of the human antibody directed against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum or plasma is measured using direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with the anti-HCV screening ELISA. (cdc.gov)
  • Description: This is Hepatitis C virus core recombinant antigen for ELISA,WB. (10genomics.com)
  • The patient was subjected to immunological tests (i.e., purified protein derivative, venereal disease research laboratory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1/2, anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core, anti-Epstein-Barr virus, Chagas [ELISA]) and was diagnosed nonreactive. (jcadonline.com)
Immunization5
  • Practices (ACIP), is the introduction of study carried out from February 2003 to hepatitis B immunization at birth [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)
  • New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • HCV Core antigens or envelope proteins are used for immunization to obtain diagnostic antibodies. (anigenetics.com)
  • Role of innate lymphoid cells and dendritic cells in intradermal immunization of the enterovirus antigen. (omicsdi.org)
  • EV71 and/or CA16 antigen immunization via the intradermal route was more capable of significantly increasing neutralizing antibody titers and activating specific T cell responses than immunization via the intramuscular route. (omicsdi.org)
Vaccination6
  • ABSTRACT The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in children is unknown. (who.int)
  • It has been reported that when hepatitis services is good throughout the territory, B vaccination is initiated at birth, there and vaccinations are delivered through local is an increased likelihood that the child health districts which are able to reach the will complete the series [ 8,9 ] hence an whole population. (who.int)
  • have been injected or scratched during vaccination, surgery, blood transfusion or a religious/ceremonial ritual in regions where hepatitis C is common. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • Vaccination is the mainstay of hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention and represents a core intervention in the World Health Organization's (WHO) efforts to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030. (uw.edu)
  • Vaccination is protective and postexposure use of hepatitis B immune globulin may prevent or attenuate clinical disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More detailed information regarding the epidemiologic features and prevention measures for hepatitis B are presented in two previously published slide sets: 1) "Elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States: routine childhood vaccination," and 2) "Prevention of perinatal and early childhood hepatitis B virus infections in the United States," both of which are available from the National Technical Information Service (800-CDC-1824). (cdc.gov)
Virus infection8
Cirrhosis5
Surface13
Liver cancer9
  • 2017). Because of this, the Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF) conducted a study among foreign-born communities in the U.S. who are heavily impacted by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) to assess awareness levels about the connection between HBV and liver cancer. (hepb.org)
  • A total of 15 virtual focus groups took place, with 101 individuals providing their thoughts about what hepatitis B and liver cancer are, and insights into appropriate strategies to educate their greater communities on the connection between these two conditions. (hepb.org)
  • The resulting communications campaign aims to improve the public's knowledge about the link between HBV and liver cancer, reduce hepatitis B- and liver cancer-related myths and misconceptions, and promote hepatitis B and liver cancer screening and early detection among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) and African and Caribbean immigrant communities. (hepb.org)
  • All focus groups emphasized the need for educational materials to highlight the relationship between hepatitis B and liver cancer. (hepb.org)
  • Interestingly, people were more aware of liver cancer and its serious health consequences than they were of hepatitis B and how it is a leading cause of liver cancer. (hepb.org)
  • When educating people about the connection between the two diseases, it is also important to address the widespread misconceptions about both hepatitis B and liver cancer, which contribute to shame and stigma surrounding each condition. (hepb.org)
  • According to focus group participants, educational materials should include some information about how hepatitis B is transmitted and how it can lead to liver cancer if left untreated and unmanaged. (hepb.org)
  • As people see how one's quality of life does not diminish, and learn from the stories of people living with hepatitis B or liver cancer, they may become more understanding of the diseases and supportive of their own community members who are living with them. (hepb.org)
  • Chronic hepatitis B infection is a serious disease that can lead to liver failure, liver cancer, and death. (metropolisindia.com)
Recombinant antigen1
  • Antigens are peptides or recombinant or native dependent on the production method.The kilo Daltons subunit weight of HCV core recombinant antigen a.a 2 a.a 192 of HCV polyprotein 22 [HCV core] compared to your protein ladder can be shifted a little due to electrophoresis effects. (anigenetics.com)
Serum7
  • Chiron Corporation, Inc.) is an in vitro qualitative enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • The COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR Test, version 2 0 (v2.0) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in human serum or plasma on the COBAS AMPLICOR Analyzer. (cdc.gov)
  • Serological methods to detect HCV IgM antibodies in patient's serum are reported to be unreliable but diagnostic methods to detect HCV total antibody and HCV core protein may have some value. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Major international and local guidelines suggested the use of serum HBV DNA quantification and serum alanine transferase (ALT) as markers to select patients with active chronic hepatitis B infection [7-10]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL) guidelines recommended HBVDNA quantification greater than or equal to 2000IU/ml and raised serum alanine transaminase as criteria for active chronic hepatitis B infection which should be treated. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • anti-human Caspase 3 rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit anti-serum by Protein A chromatography. (samatashkhis.com)
  • When diagnostic tests for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were developed, HAV was found to be the major cause of infectious hepatitis and HBV was found to be the major cause of serum hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Antibody to hepatitis1
Viruses9
  • Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The coordination of hepatitis B and D care by providers must do better to support those impacted by the viruses, in a way that is culturally sensitive and not dismissive of the harm that has been inflicted on communities of color and immigrant communities, who are more likely to be affected by hepatitis B and D 1 . (hepb.org)
  • The hepatitis C virus is one of the most prevalent persistent human viruses, more than 170 million humans worldwide are chronically infected. (uni-giessen.de)
  • The embedded proteins of the outer envelope bind the viruses with the susceptible cells for their entry. (boseinformatics.com)
  • With a diameter of 42nm, it is the smallest among all other enveloped animal viruses but also exists in a pleomorphic form with filamentous, spherical bodies missing a core. (boseinformatics.com)
  • During the past decade, two additional viruses have been discovered: hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, new viruses have been discovered in patients with non-ABCDE hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Infection with hepatitis B vir1
  • The presence of total anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. (cdc.gov)
Particles4
  • Over one hundred vaccines using varied approaches including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated virus, attenuated virus, and virus like particles (VLPs) platforms are in clinical trials. (nature.com)
  • These protein subunits can assemble into virus particles without viral RNA genome in mammalian cells to study virus-cell entry 2 and to develop vaccines 3 . (nature.com)
  • Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based nanoscale structures that show high potential as immunotherapeutics or cargo delivery vehicles. (kit.edu)
  • The viral core particles then migrate to the hepatocyte nucleus and the partially double-stranded, relaxed circular genomes (RC-DNA) are repaired to form a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is the template for viral genomic and sub-genomic RNAs by cellular RNA polymerase II. (creativebiomart.net)
Fulminant hepatitis4
Glycoprotein2
  • SARS-CoV-2 is composed of four essential structural proteins: the spike (S) glycoprotein, membrane (M) protein, envelope (E) protein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, as well as multiple accessory and non-structural proteins 1 . (nature.com)
  • This antibody has a high affinity for CEA and shows no detectable reactivity to nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), biliary glycoprotein (BGP) and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (samatashkhis.com)
Polymerase2
  • Since the reverse transcriptase activity of the HBV polymerase protein lacks a proofreading function, random mis-incorporation of bases into the replicating DNA strand occurs. (cdc.gov)
  • The core contains circular double-stranded DNA and DNA polymerase, and it replicates within the nuclei of infected hepatocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
People with hepatitis3
Reactivity1
  • Visualization of anti-HCV reactivity in specimens to the individual HCV-encoded proteins is accomplished with anti-human IgG enzyme-conjugates in conjunction with a colorimetric enzyme substrate. (cdc.gov)
Infectious hepatitis1
Detection2
  • Exosomes are one of the main detection materials for liquid biopsy, and disease-specific proteins and nucleic acids in exosomes are also the focus of research in this field. (ijbs.com)
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing plays an important role in detection, classification, and management of HBV disease . (medscape.com)
Symptomatic hepatitis2
Control of hepatitis C vir1
  • Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Available to prevent hepatitis1
  • No products are available to prevent hepatitis C, and development of immunoprophylaxis for this disease is proving to be difficult because an effective protective antibody response has not been demonstrated following HCV infection. (cdc.gov)
Risk for hepatitis B infection1
HBcrAg1
  • We evaluated the following elution method optimized to quantify HBcrAg: suspension of a punched blood-soaked disc (11 mm) of Whatman 903 Protein Saver Card in 450 µL of PBS 0.05% Tween 20, followed by an incubation for 4 h at room temperature and a centrifugation at 10,000 g for 10 minutes. (pasteur.fr)
Serologic1
Genome3
  • From a relatively small genome, these overlapping ORFs generate 7 proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • This center protein section addresses part of the irresistible virions internal center molecule, which encases the viral genome. (capstudy.org)
  • The core can either bud into the endoplasmic reticulum to be enveloped or exported from the cell or recycled back into the genome for conversion to cccDNA. (creativebiomart.net)
Virion1
  • Replication of the hepatitis B virion is, therefore, the sole requirement for generating these nucleotide mismatch sequences. (cdc.gov)
Carrier2
  • My Girlfriend is a carrier for Hepatitis C. She got infected from a blood transfusion as a kid. (hepatitisprohelp.com)
  • It is used to assess recovery from infection and candidacy for antiviral therapy and to differentiate between inactive carrier state and chronic active hepatitis in chronic HBV infection. (com.ng)
HBcAb1
  • Thus, laboratory testing includes tests for the presence of antigens as well as antibodies (HBsAb, HBcAb, and HBeAb). (athenslab.gr)
Gene4
  • and the X protein (X gene). (cdc.gov)
  • Plant-based vaccines share many characteristics with other recombinant technologies, in which the gene encoding a specific antigen, such as a viral receptor-binding protein, is introduced into a cell. (iptonline.com)
  • The BOB.1, OBF.1, OCA-B (now called BOB.1 / OBF.1) is a 35 kD protein encoded by a gene located on chromosome 11q23.1. (samatashkhis.com)
  • The role of the protein coded by gene X is not completely analyzed but rather it is related to liver malignancy which incites genes that engenders cell development and deactivates growth factors. (boseinformatics.com)
Patients7
  • Hepatitis B viral mutants can emerge in patients as a result of selection pressure from either immune response or treatment options. (cdc.gov)
  • Cutaneous symptoms or findings relevant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection manifest in 20-40% of patients presenting to dermatologists and in a significant percentage (15-20%) of general patients. (medscape.com)
  • It is evident in up to half of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of patients with extrahepatic dermatologic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the same as that of HCV infective state and the customary treatments of the individual conditions. (medscape.com)
  • One Hundred and Twenty-One asymptomatic, treatment naïve, e negative chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • However, not all patients with chronic hepatitis B will develop these complications. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Measurement of antibodies against hepatitis B virus antigen e is used to determine the infectivity of hepatitis B virus carriers, to monitor the status of patients with chronic hepatitis B, and to monitor the response of patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving antiviral treatment. (athenslab.gr)
Humans2
  • Humans are the primary reservoir of Hepatitis C virus. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
Infections2
Cases of acute1
Structural proteins1
  • HCV was first recognised in 1970 and described as non-A, non-B hepatitis, until 1989 when the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C. The structural proteins produced by Hepatitis C virus include the core protein and envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which are necessary for viral entry into host cells. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Immunodominant2
  • Contains HBV Core immunodominant district. (capstudy.org)
  • The E. coli derived recombinant protein contains the HBV HBe adw immunodominant region is fused to a GST tag and the Mw is 43,897.6 Dalton. (creativebiomart.net)
Coli1