Protein expression activating transcription factor 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Delphinidin suppresses ultraviolet B-induced cyclooxygenases-2 expression through inhibition of MAPKK4 and PI-3 kinase. (oregonstate.edu)
The activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) 4 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) were inhibited markedly by delphinidin. (oregonstate.edu)
This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (thermofisher.com)
Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
One of protein kinase. (sciencedaily.com)
gene transcription primarily by signaling through protein kinase C (PKC) (28). (immune-source.com)
PKC activates Bay 65-1942 several mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of p38 cJun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) (29). (immune-source.com)
It was shown that glutamine deprivation down-regulated the expression level of ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6), EIF2AK3/PERK (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), GLO1 (glyoxalase I), BIRC5 (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5), and RAB5C (RAB5C, a member of RAS oncogene family) mRNAs in control glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
The anti-inflammatory effects of SHE treatment involved blocking of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathways. (researchgate.net)
The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
Upon ligand binding, the serine/threonine kinase type II TGF- receptor (TRII) affiliates with and phosphorylates the sort I receptor (TRI or ALK5), activating the TRI serine/threonine kinase (2). (accessibletech4all.org)
Mechanistic studies revealed no impact on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases. (aspetjournals.org)
Murguia JR, Serrano R. New functions of protein kinase Gcn2 in yeast and mammals. (medlineplus.gov)

In the human uterus during endometrial decidualization FOXO1 expression is significantly increased leading to FOXO1 upregulation of p57Kip2 a cell cycle inhibitor and repression of several other genes important for cell cycle progression (16). (immune-source.com)
It was shown previously that inhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) pathway, a central mediator of the unfolded protein response, leads to suppression of tumor growth through down-regulation of key pro-proliferative and up-regulation of tumor suppressor factors and modifies the sensitivity of these genes to glucose and glutamine deprivation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
The goal of this study was to estimate the effect of glucose and glutamine deprivations on expression of cancer related genes in glioma U87 cells at ERN1 signaling inhibition for evaluation of their possible significance in ERN1 mediated control of glioma cell proliferation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
We have studied the effect of glucose and glutamine deprivations on the expression level of cancer related genes encoding TMED10 (transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 10), MYL9 (myosin, light chain 9, regulatory), SPOCK1 (sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan 1), CUL4A (cullin 4A), and CUL4B in U87 glioma control cells and cells with ERN1 knockdown. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
It was shown that at glucose deprivation the expression level of MYL9 , SPOCK1 and CUL4B genes was significantly up-regulated in control glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
At glutamine deprivation the expression of MYL9 , CUL4A and CUL4B genes was shown to be up-regulated in control glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
The present study demonstrates that glucose and glutamine deprivation affected the expression of the most studied genes in a specific manner and that inhibition of ERN1 signaling preferentially modified their expression at glucose and glutamine deprivation. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
The expression of a subset of genes encoding important tumor growth related factors in U87 glioma cells with ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) loss of function as well as upon glutamine deprivation was studied. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
It was also shown that inhibition of ERN1, which controled cell proliferation and tumor growth, modified the effect of glutamine deprivation on the expression levels of most studied genes in U87 glioma cells: up-regulated the expression of ATF6 and HSPA5 genes and enhanced sensitivity of EIF2AK3 and BIRC5 genes to glutamine withdrawal. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Furthermore, the expression of all studied genes, except EIF2AK3 , was down-regulated in ERN1 knockdown glioma cells in the presence of glutamine. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
It was demonstrated that glutamine deprivation affected the expression of most studied genes in ERN1 depen-dent manner and that these changes possibly contributed to the suppression of glioma growth from cells without ERN1 signaling enzyme function. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
This data indicates Tfap2c expression is altered in early preimplantation SCNT embryos, which may have developmental consequences resulting from genes influenced by Tfap2c, but expression was not different at the blastocyst stage and in placentomes. (usu.edu)
2) a more complete definition of the sets of genes which are activated by different STATs and (3) how these sets of activated genes differ as a function of cell type. (nih.gov)
1, 2, 3] Approximately 20% of the genes expressed in human leukocytes are regulated positively or negatively by glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
The DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the hGRα corresponds to amino acids 420-480 and contains 2 zinc finger motifs through which the hGRα binds to specific DNA sequences, the glucocorticoid-response elements (GREs) in the promoter region(s) of target genes. (medscape.com)
Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. (nature.com)
The discovery that mutations in sarcomere protein genes cause HCM has enabled the development of mouse models that recapitulate clinical manifestations of disease. (rupress.org)
FABP5 improves learning and memory both because it delivers endocannabinoids to cellular machinery that breaks them down and because it shuttles compounds to a transcription factor that increases the expression of cognition-associated genes," Noy said. (neurosciencenews.com)
Binding of the degraded product activates the transcription factor and allows it to induce expression of multiple genes. (neurosciencenews.com)
Most of these genes encode transcription factors that are expressed in bands or stripes at specific positions along the anterior posterior axis. (nyu.edu)
In our first experiments, we have focused on the Bicoid gradient (Figure 2) and on gradients of transcription factors encoded by the gap genes hunchback, Kruppel, knirps, and giant. (nyu.edu)
In our first experiments, we have used genetic experiments to flatten the Bcd gradient, and then measured the amounts of Bcd required for activating specific target genes. (nyu.edu)
Surprisingly, we have found that all tested target genes can be activated by lower concentrations than those present in the wild type gradient where boundaries for those genes are formed. (nyu.edu)
Previous studies and our recent work have identified more than 50 target genes that are directly activated by Bicoid. (nyu.edu)
These enhancers direct expression patterns at different positions along the anterior posterior axis (Figure 3), and a major goal is to understand the cis-regulatory logic that controls the differential positioning of different target genes. (nyu.edu)
Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
Meanwhile, triglyceride (TG) content was decreased and lipolysis genes expressions, such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) were elevated in the jejunum and ileum of inulin and propionate treated mice. (academic-accelerator.com)
TRI recruits then, phosphorylates and activates the Smad2/3 transcription elements, which type a complex using the co-Smad and Smad4, and translocate like a complex in to the nucleus to modify transcription of TGF-responsive genes (3). (accessibletech4all.org)
[ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
The transcription factors regulated by eIF2α control the activity of genes involved in processes that help reduce the stress on the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we investigated the signaling pathways activated in response to the energetic stress created by transient glutamate excitation in cerebellar granule neurons. (jneurosci.org)
These survival mechanisms include accumulation of organic osmolytes and increased expression of heat shock proteins through numerous pathways, resulting in osmotolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate this, the activation of PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 signaling pathways in ERS in chondrocytes pretreated with PGE 2 was studied. (hindawi.com)
PERK and ATF6 signaling pathways activate the downstream factor CHOP to downregulate the expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, and contribute to programmed cell death [ 5 ], which has been comprehensively reviewed [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
NF-κB pathways can be mainly activated by two pathways. (springer.com)
In the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of RNA expression data, the CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding revealed common signal changes in nontumoral and tumoral liver tissues, including increased IL-8 and RhoGTPases signaling and decreased lipid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
When a second nutrient and its metabolic pathway are introduced, the system must further decide whether and how to activate both pathways. (lu.se)
A committee of experts, initially sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), meets every 2 years with the goal to classify the group of primary immunodeficiency diseases according to current understanding of the pathways that become defective in the immune system. (medscape.com)

ATF-2 is normally activated in response to signals that converge on stress-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK. (wikipedia.org)
HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
These proteins are latent in the cytoplasm and become activated through tyrosine phosphorylation which typically occurs through cytokine receptor associated kinases (JAKs) or growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. (nih.gov)

Myocardial I/R injury may induce cell apoptosis and autophagy by activating oxidative stress and upregulating inflammatory mediators, ultimately resulting in irreversible fibrotic damage ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, DNA hypomethylation of the COX‑2 promoter region located from ‑1,522 to ‑829 bp might contribute to transcriptional regulation of COX‑2 expression and induce a pro‑inflammatory response in KIC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, extrinsic signals orchestrate the expression of multiple intrinsic regulators, which in turn induce in a modular manner the transcriptional and chromatin changes underlying astrocyte maturation. (nature.com)
We show that astrocyte maturation is promoted by extrinsic signals that induce multiple transcription factors that act largely independently to regulate distinct gene expression modules that together promote a mature astrocytic phenotype. (nature.com)
In this paper, we will discuss whether PGE 2 can induce activation of ERS and GSK-3 β in chondrocytes and the protection role of TMF. (hindawi.com)
Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)

The present study investigated the methylation of CpG sites in the cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 promoter via nuclear factor (NF)‑κB transcriptional regulation and elucidated its effect on the COX‑2 transcriptional expression in a ketamine‑induced ulcerative cystitis (KIC) animal model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Phosphorylated STATs form homo- or hetero-dimers, enter the nucleus and working coordinately with other transcriptional co-activators or transcription factors lead to increased transcriptional initiation. (nih.gov)
Culturing astrocytes in a three-dimensional matrix containing FGF2 induces expression of Rorb , Dbx2 and Lhx2 and improves astrocyte maturity based on transcriptional and chromatin profiles. (nature.com)
Once NFAT2 is activated, it exposes nuclear localization sequences, promoting its cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation and then NFAT2 forms heterodimers with other transcription factors to exert its transcriptional functions [6]. (researchsquare.com)
NFAT2, as an important transcriptional promoter, regulates expression of TNF-α, myc proto-oncogene protein (c-myc), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Fas ligand (FasL) and also generates crosstalks with ERK/MAPK pathway and AKT/GSK3b signaling, which achieves its control of the cell fate [7-12]. (researchsquare.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
We have isolated a murine cDNA encoding a 9-kD protein, Chisel (Csl), in a screen for transcriptional targets of the cardiac homeodomain factor Nkx2-5. (ox.ac.uk)
In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. (medscape.com)

The levels of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‑1α/nuclear factor erythroid‑2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling, oxidative stress and pyroptosis‑related proteins were detected by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been reported that SIRT1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling can mediate oxidative stress, which plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury ( 14 , 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
GnRH binds to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) a G-protein coupled receptor around the cell surface of gonadotropes (27). (immune-source.com)
It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Alternative splicing of the hGR gene in exon 9 generates 2 highly homologous receptor isoforms, termed α and β. (medscape.com)
The AF-1 plays an important role in the interaction of the receptor with molecules necessary for the initiation of transcription, such as coactivators, chromatin modulators, and basal transcription factors, including RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein (TBP), and a host of TBP-associated proteins (TAFIIs). (medscape.com)
Abstract for "Fatty Acid-binding Protein 5 (FABP5) Regulates Cognitive Function Both by Decreasing Anandamide Levels and by Activating the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in the Brain" by Shuiliang Yu, Liraz Levi, Gemma Casadesus, George Kunos, and Noa Noy in Journal of Biological Chemistry . (neurosciencenews.com)
The expression levels of LPL (lipoprotein lipase), HSL (Hormone-sensitive lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and PPARα/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma) were significantly changed in the sheep preadipocytes during differentiation for 7 days. (academic-accelerator.com)
Longer-term (24 and 48 h) treatment reduced the expression of lipogenic markers (FA synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1) and increased the expression of lipolytic [hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and mitochondrial (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) markers. (academic-accelerator.com)
05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. (academic-accelerator.com)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)
Furthermore, recent studies possess broadened the jobs of TRIII, including regulating TGF- receptor amounts through relationships with GAIP-interacting and -arrestin2 proteins, C terminus (GIPC) and possibly signaling individually (9,10). (accessibletech4all.org)
Publications regarding the associations of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) G2258A and T597C polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) susceptibility are inconsistent. (cdc.gov)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)
Kim and Morshead, 2003), and the fibroblast that SSEA4 associated with CD133 can be used for growth factor (FGF) receptor 4 (Cai et al. (lu.se)

The molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) or binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), in addition to Ca 2+ binding and protein processing functions, possesses one more key role: master initiator of early UPR signaling. (molvis.org)
This agent induces cytotoxicity via ER stress pathway as shown by the increased expression of glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP). (cns.org)

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen triggers the dissociation of GRP78 from its quiescent UPR mediators. (molvis.org)
At the same time, the expression level of HSPB8 (heat shock 22kDa protein 8) and HSPA5/GRP78 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5) mRNAs was resistant to glutamine withdrawal in these glioma cells. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
By treatment with PGE 2 , the chondrocytes apoptosis was significantly increased, the proapoptotic CHOP and JNK were upregulated, the prosurvival GRP78 and XBP1 were downregulated, and GSK-3 β was also upregulated. (hindawi.com)
The resident transmembrane proteins (PERK, ATF6, and IRE1) are the three ER sensors involved in unfolded protein response (UPR), which functions to maintain the homeostasis of ER by attenuating protein translation, reducing the load of newly synthesized protein, degrading misfolded or unfolded protein, and upregulating chaperones, such as Grp78 [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, XBP1 and the chaperone GRP78 exhibit prosurvival functions to promote protein processing and provision during ERS. (hindawi.com)

Activating transcription factor 2, also known as ATF2, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and c-JUN. (thermofisher.com)
These MAPKs increase the expression or activity of several transcription factors such as early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) cJUN cFOS and activating Bay 65-1942 transcription factor 2 (ATF2) mediating and synthesis (28). (immune-source.com)

Inhibition of miR‑132 activated PGC‑1α/Nrf2 signalling and inhibited oxidative stress and the expression of the pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and IL‑1β, which were all reversed by inhibiting SIRT1 with EX527. (spandidos-publications.com)
The sensitivity of MYL9 , TMED10 and CUL4B gene expression to glutamine deprivation in glioma cells with ERN1 knockdown was significantly modified, while CUL4A and SPOCK1 gene expression did not respond to ERN1 inhibition. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Whether 5,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) plays the chondroprotective role in inhibition of PGE 2 -induced chondrocytes apoptosis associating with ERS has not been reported. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition of GSK-3 β can significantly downregulate the expression of CHOP in neuronal cells [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of this plant were previously attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and prostaglandin E 2 synthesis. (aspetjournals.org)

However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)

Collectively, our results demonstrated that delphinidin targets MAPKK4 and PI-3K directly to suppress COX-2 overexpression, suggesting a potential protective role for delphinidin against UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
FOXO1 was also expressed in immortalized murine gonadotrope-derived cell lines: ?T3-1 cells which only express CGA and represent an immature gonadotrope lineage and in L?T2 cells which express CGA LHB and FSHB (30 33 35 36 In gonadotrope cells FOXO1 overexpression suppressed transcription of both human and rodent basal and GnRH stimulated Bay 65-1942 and (30-32). (immune-source.com)
NFAT2 overexpression induced the expression of Egr2 and FasL and suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. (researchsquare.com)
Overexpression of DEFB1 in IAV-infected HBEpCs led to increased NF-B expression. (cdc.gov)

Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
The importance of STAT activation to growth control in experiments using anti-sense molecules or dominant negative STAT protein encoding constructs performed in cell lines or studies in animals lacking specific STATs strongly indicate that STATs play an important role in controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Finally, the inflammatory cytokine PGE 2 can activate ERS signaling and promote chondrocytes apoptosis, which might be associated with upregulation of GSK-3 β . (hindawi.com)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)

ATF-2 phosphorylation in response to treatment of cells with tumor promoter phorbol ester has been demonstrated. (wikipedia.org)
The expression of Egr2 and FasL, and the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, after ionomycin and PMA co-stimulation, was detected, while the Ca 2+ mobilization stimulated by K + solution was determined. (researchsquare.com)

In the neurons to which information is input, MAPK(1) activates transcription factor CREB(2) by training with an interval, and expresses c-fos(3). (sciencedaily.com)
c-fos is also a transcription factor, which is activated by MAPK and expresses CREB. (sciencedaily.com)
By repetitive learning at intervals, MAPK is activated in the nerve cells to which repetitive information is input, so that a transcription cycle of CREB and c-fos is formed. (sciencedaily.com)

Several studies implicate abnormal activation of ATF-2 in growth and progression of mammalian skin tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB, crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were activated by UVB and delphinidin abolished this activation. (oregonstate.edu)
Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Δψ m evident in many neurons. (jneurosci.org)
In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
Finally, in the context of many cancers, where STATs are frequently persistently activated, an understanding of the mechanisms leading to their constitutive activation and defining the potential importance of persistent STAT activation in human tumorigenesis remains. (nih.gov)
OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
To determine the effects of osmolarity/tonicity changes, Wnt/β-catenin and TLR-4 activation on Lcn2-R and Lcn2 expression and cell viability in rat primary IMCD and mouse (m)IMCD3 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyperosmotic/-tonic media upregulated Lcn2-R by ~4-fold and decreased Lcn2 expression/secretion, along with Wnt/β-catenin activation, in IMCD cells. (biomedcentral.com)
They performed imaging studies comparing the activation of a key transcription factor in the brain tissue of normal mice and in FABP5-deficient mice. (neurosciencenews.com)
By understanding how these elements work, we hope to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in position-specific activation and repression of transcription. (nyu.edu)
Our working hypothesis is that there are repressors that interfere with Bcd-dependent activation, and that combinations of activating and repressing proteins position and register multiple target gene expression boundaries. (nyu.edu)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2, also known as NFATc and NFATc1) is an important member of NFAT family which plays a vital role in T cell activation and differentiation [4]. (researchsquare.com)
Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. (nature.com)
Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)
However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)

At last, the mRNA and protein expression of NFAT2, Egr2, FasL, COX-2 and c-myc in carcinoma and adjacent tissues was investigated. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we show that in primary human femoral head osteoarthritic and normal bovine chondrocytes, TWHF partially or completely inhibited mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-17-inducible MMP-3 and MMP-13. (aspetjournals.org)

This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms which bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. (nih.gov)
However, it is becoming increasingly clear that these factors and their receptors are also widely found to express across many different cancers with further research. (medsci.org)
TGF- elicits its mobile effects via relationship with three cell surface area receptors, the sort I, II and III changing development factor-beta ST3932 receptors (TRs). (accessibletech4all.org)

This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)

Long-term memory (LTM) is formed by repetitive training trials with rest intervals and LTM formation requires transcription factors, including CREB and c-Fos. (sciencedaily.com)
By repeating training, it became clear that a transcription cycle such as c-fos expressing CREB and CREB expressing c-fos was formed. (sciencedaily.com)
Engram cells with high expression level of CREB were formed. (sciencedaily.com)
In this way, it was revealed that neuronal cells with high expression of CREB were born, and this cell became engram cells. (sciencedaily.com)
In the nerve cells in which the transcription cycle is formed, the amount of CREB increases and it becomes an engram cell in which long-term memory is formed. (sciencedaily.com)
Spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) is a protein that belongs to the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) b-ZIP family with a basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP). (mdpi.com)

Cellular stressors such as nutrient deprivation oxidative stress DNA damage or endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to activate FOXO1 (7-9). (immune-source.com)
To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
We conducted an ancillary study to the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of 12 months of 25% CR on in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial content, and markers of oxidative stress. (medscape.com)

Generally, NFAT2 locates in cytoplasm with an hyperphosphorylation in quiescent cells, while it can be activated through dephosphorylating by intracellular Ca 2+ increase activated calcineurin [5]. (researchsquare.com)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL in humans, siderocalin/24p3 in rodents) or lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is secreted by cells [ 6 ] in an Fe 3+ -free apo form, which binds Fe 3+ through association with bacterial siderophores (forming holo-Lcn2). (biomedcentral.com)
Since many of the transcription factors we study in fruit flies are evolutionarily similar to factors in higher eukaryotes, understanding how they work in Drosophila should provide us with profound insights into developmental mechanisms in other insects and higher animals including humans. (nyu.edu)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression in humans and can control pathogenesis and host-virus interactions. (cdc.gov)

thus, it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. (wikipedia.org)
Ketamine treatment increased the binding of NF‑κB and permissive histone H3 lysine‑4 (H3K4)m3, but caused a decrease in the repressive histone H3K27m3 and H3K36m3 on the COX‑2 promoter ranging from ‑1,522 to ‑1,331 bp as determined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
DNA meth-ylation represses transcription by interfering with transcription factor binding and indirectly by recruiting methyl-CpG-binding proteins and reducing chromatin remodeling activities ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. (genescells.ru)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)

Genetic Reprogramming of Transcription Factor AP-gamma in Bovine Somat" by K. I. Ashton, G-P. Li et al. (usu.edu)
The journey from defining genetic etiology to molecular understanding of disease mechanism can be frustratingly slow, requiring exploration of how mutations alter functions of the encoded protein and delineation of the responses that they trigger in relevant cells. (rupress.org)
Transcription factor is a protein the controls the flow of genetic information). (neurosciencenews.com)
The data concerning genetic and protein markers of thyroid stem cells, as well as markers of their thyroid differentiation, are systematized. (genescells.ru)
The host genetic factors are assumed to play a critical role in tuberculosis pathogenesis, through impact on the gene expression of cytokines and chemokines, which are implicated in the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

This dissociation from PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 satisfies the demand for appropriate protein folding. (molvis.org)

The hGR cDNA was isolated by expression cloning in 1985. (medscape.com)

This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. (wikipedia.org)
Also binds as a complex with lhx1/lim1 and ldb1 to the gsc promoter to stimulate expression. (xenbase.org)

Expression levels of the primary neuronal glucose transporters (GLUTs) isoforms 1, 3, 4, and 8 were found to be unaltered within a 24 h period after excitation. (jneurosci.org)
FABP5 controls the biological actions of small compounds that affect memory and learning and that activate a transcription factor, which regulates neuronal function. (neurosciencenews.com)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)

The factors, such as hepatitis C virus infection, obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes and alcohol drinking, all contribute to the initiation of HCC [2]. (researchsquare.com)

ATF-2 may mediate oncogenesis caused by mutant Ras protein and regulate maintenance of the aggressive cancer phenotype of some types of epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
We found that delphinidin suppressed UVB-induced COX-2 expression in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells. (oregonstate.edu)
This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, thymus, fetal liver, and carcinomas. (thermofisher.com)
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays detected allele-dependent nuclear protein binding in A549 cells for 8 of 21 variants. (cdc.gov)
The present study supports the concept that a sizable fraction of cases of this lymphoma are from activated germinal center or postgerminal center cells. (nih.gov)
FOXO1 protein Bay 65-1942 has been recognized in murine and rat gonadotrope cells (30 33 While FOXO1 protein expression has not been characterized in human pituitary FOXO1 mRNA levels were found to be decreased seven fold in human null cell and gonadotrope pituitary tumors (34). (immune-source.com)
By contrast, the sialidase activity of the neuraminidase (NA) protein removes SA to liberate newly synthesized viruses from infected cells. (cdc.gov)
Human influenza viruses preferentially recognize sialyloligosacchrides containing SAα2,6Gal ( 1 , 2 ), matched by mainly NeuAcα2,6Gal linkages on the epithelial cells of the human trachea ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
By contrast, avian viruses preferentially recognize SAα2,3Gal sialic acids ( 1 , 2 ), in accordance with the predominance of sialyoligosaccharides with SAα2,3Gal linkages on the epithelial cells of duck intestine. (cdc.gov)
The lack of expression in oocytes and donor cells means Tfap2c must be induced in the zygote at the morula stage in properly reprogrammed embryos. (usu.edu)
SLC22A17 ) in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells, which are present in vivo in a hyperosmotic/-tonic environment that activates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Although biochemical and biophysical assays and cell biology experiments advance these insights, full elucidation of the pathophysiology caused by human disease requires a broader approach, including assessment of the impact that cells with a pathogenic mutation have on neighboring cells that do not express the mutant protein and consideration of system-wide responses to a diseased organ. (rupress.org)
Second, FABP5 regulates gene expression, a process that essentially gives cells their marching orders on structure, appearance and function. (neurosciencenews.com)
However, if the protective responses fail and the detrimental factors and ERS persist, cells are indexed to switch from prosurvival to proapoptosis [ 3 ], leading to enhanced expression of CHOP and upregulation of ER-related caspase-12. (hindawi.com)
Cells were cultured at 37°C with 5% CO 2 in 10% FBS of the medium, including DMEM (low glucose), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. (hindawi.com)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. (researchsquare.com)
The current study firstly suggested that NFAT2 suppressed the aggression and malignancy of HepG2 cells through inducing the expression of Egr2. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, NFAT2 participates in the early growth response factor 2 (Egr2)-regulated anergic phenotype which impairs the migration and invasion of leukaemia cells [16]. (researchsquare.com)
However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. (nature.com)
At the same time, the nucleus pulposus cells release Fas ligand (FasL) tumor necrosis factor to destroy the infiltrating immune cells and maintain immune isolation [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
The activities of transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and myocyte enhancer-binding factor (MEF)2, were also enhanced in an IGF-1 signaling-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
The dynamic cytoskeletal localization of Csl and its dominant effects on cell shape and behavior and transcription factor activity suggest that Csl plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair. (ox.ac.uk)
Human being breasts cancers MDA-MB-231 cells had been cultured in Improved Eagle's Moderate, supplemented with nonessential proteins, sodium pyruvate and 10% fetal bovine serum. (accessibletech4all.org)
Cells had been infected using the ALK5QD-expressing adenovirus 100.A Stream of human being ESTs using the 1st coding exon of TRIII revealed the current presence of 80 ESTs, 75 which contained sequences homologous towards the proximal 5 UTR (A). message and proteins amounts in ovarian (Ovca420) and breasts cancers (MDA-MB-231) cell lines in both a dosage- and time-dependent way. (accessibletech4all.org)
These cells are fixed, permeabilized, and lyophilized PBMC that are either untreated or treated with stimulators [including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6]. (bdbiosciences.com)
Ma R., Latif R., Davies T.F. Thyroid follicle formation and thyroglobulin expression in multipotent endodermal stem cells. (genescells.ru)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
SCID can be broadly classified into 2 groups: SCID with B cells (70% of patients with SCID) and SCID without B cells. (medscape.com)
When cells are under stress, for example when the level of protein building blocks (amino acids) is too low, EIF2AK4 activates eIF2α. (medlineplus.gov)
The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
The expression patterns of these putative miRNAs were further confirmed using RT-PCR in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to H1N1, H9N1(1P10), and H9N1 (1WF10) strains of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Studies in mice indicate a role for ATF-2 in the development of nervous system and the skeleton. (wikipedia.org)
Manipulation of UPR markers has been made possible by the use of knockout mice, pharmacological agents, and viral vector-mediated augmentation of gene expression. (molvis.org)
This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
We also demonstrated upregulation of ETS-1 and ETS-2 target expressions in Tyrp-1-TAg mice when comparing with the same target expressions in control mice. (molvis.org)

It is not known how absence of EIF2AK4 protein function leads to the pulmonary vein abnormalities characteristic of PVOD. (medlineplus.gov)

In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)

These studies suggest that FOXO1 suppresses gonadotropin synthesis impartial of direct DNA binding likely through protein complex formation with transcription factors important for gonadotropin synthesis such as paired-like homeodomain. (immune-source.com)
Bicoid is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that is expressed in a long-range anterior gradient in the early embryo (Figure 2). (nyu.edu)

The efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), surgery-related adverse events (srAEs), and enterostomy were also recorded. (bvsalud.org)
CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it differs from other aggressive B-cell lymphomas in that it shows defective immunoglobulin production despite the expression of OCT-2, BOB.1, and PU.1 transcription factors and the lack of IgV(H) gene crippling mutations. (nih.gov)
The HA protein mediates virus binding to sialic acid (SA)-containing host cell surface molecules and promotes the release of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes through membrane fusion. (cdc.gov)
We first evaluated the expression of the gene coding for AP-2 γ (Tfap2c) in several bovine fibroblast donor cell lines and found it was not expressed. (usu.edu)
SCNT embryos expressed Tfap2c at the eight-cell stage, 2 days earlier than control embryos. (usu.edu)
In contrast, in many cancerous cell lines and tumors, where growth factor dysregulation is frequently at the heart of cellular transformation, the STAT proteins (in particular Stats 1, 3 and 5) are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. (nih.gov)
In normal control adult mouse eyes, ETS-1 was mostly present in the nuclei of all neuroretinal layers whereas ETS-2 was mostly localized in the cytosol of the cell bodies of these layers with a smaller amount present in the nuclei. (molvis.org)
Then, that degraded product is picked up by the same protein (FABP5) and shuttled to the cell nucleus - specifically, to a transcription factor within it (station 2). (neurosciencenews.com)
One of the most enduring concepts in the field of developmental biology is the idea that expression gradients contain multiple thresholds that control and position different cell fates. (nyu.edu)
In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of NFAT2 expression on cell fate of HepG2 cell and its potential mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
The small muscle-specific protein Csl modifies cell shape and promotes myocyte fusion in an insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent manner. (ox.ac.uk)
Published September 5, 2007 transcription factors and replicating extra DNA, rather than going directly into growth of the cell. (lu.se)
The EIF2AK4 gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps direct a cell's response to changes that could damage the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
fication and isolation via fluorescence-activated cell sort- ing (FACS). (lu.se)

However, a significant increase only in GLUT3 surface expression was identified 30 min after excitation, with this high surface expression remaining significantly above control levels in many neurons for up to 4 h. (jneurosci.org)
Significantly, LTM is encoded in these mushroom body neurons, and blocking outputs from these neurons suppress recall of LTM whereas activating these neurons produces memory-associated behaviors. (sciencedaily.com)
Noy and her Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism colleagues particularly wanted to understand how this protein functioned in neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
In paper №2, I describe how mesDA neurons transplanted in the adult SN of a PD mouse model, extended axons across millimetres into the striatum, functionally reforming the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)

Alternative splicing of the primary transcript gives rise to the 2 mRNA and protein isoforms, hGR-alpha and hGR-beta. (medscape.com)

M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)

C) Enlargement of part of the DBD showing the amino acid sequence (single letter codes) of the 2 zinc fingers and the dimerization loop (in bold). (medscape.com)

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)

The expression of regulatory molecules, TGF-β1/2, phospho-Akt (Ser473), PPARα, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and acyl dehydrogenases was analyzed in virus-infected hepatocytes. (academic-accelerator.com)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key mediator of inflammation, and its product, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), enhance carcinogenesis, particularly in skin. (oregonstate.edu)
The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)

Here, we investigated the effects of delphinidin, an abundant dietary anthocyanin, on UVB-induced COX-2 upregulation and the underlying molecular mechanism. (oregonstate.edu)
Moreover, in vivo investigations using mouse skin revealed that the upregulation of COX-2 expression, MAPKK4 activity and PI-3K activity induced by UVB was abolished with delphinidin treatment. (oregonstate.edu)
Results: TNFα supplementation resulted in catabolic stimulation with increased levels of NO and IL-6, upregulation of catabolic gene expression, and downregulation of anabolic markers. (bvsalud.org)

The human GR is a modular protein composed of distinct regions illustrated in panel B in the image below, as follows: (1) The amino-terminal A/B region, also called immunogenic or N-terminal domain (NTD) and (2) the C, D, and E regions, which correspond to the DNA-binding domain, the hinge region, and the ligand-binding domain, respectively. (medscape.com)
Forced expression of these factors in vitro induces distinct sets of mature astrocyte-specific transcripts. (nature.com)
Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. (lu.se)

The protein ATF-2 has 505 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
The initiating reaction is the nonenzymatic addition of sugars such as glucose to the primary amino groups of proteins, i.e., mainly to lysine residues. (iospress.com)
When turned on, eIF2α stimulates processes that reduce protein production, which helps conserve amino acids. (medlineplus.gov)

Commercial kits were used to measure the levels of serum myocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors. (spandidos-publications.com)
Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR‑132, SIRT1 and inflammatory factors. (spandidos-publications.com)
Apparent histologic injury and elevated levels of serum myocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors were observed in the myocardial I/R model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, our study provides a resource for the investigation of the immunology of blood proteins in inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)
Meanwhile, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) expression levels were upregulated in nontumoral liver tissue from the end of Week 13 of CDAA-HF-T(-) feeding to the end of Week 63. (bvsalud.org)
M1, "classically activated," pro-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)

COX-2 promoter activity and PGE(2) production were also suppressed by delphinidin treatment within non-cytotoxic concentrations. (oregonstate.edu)
The present findings revealed that there was a hypomethylation pattern of the COX‑2 promoter in association with the level of COX‑2 transcription in KIC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Activates the head organizer gene cer1 by acting synergistically with siamois and mix-A/mix.1 through the 5'-TAATCT-3' element of the cer1 promoter. (xenbase.org)

Csl protein was distributed throughout the cytoplasm in fetal muscles, although costameric and M-line localization to the muscle cytoskeleton became obvious after further maturation. (ox.ac.uk)

We believe if we could find a way to upregulate the expression of FABP5 in the brain, we might have a therapeutic handle on cognitive dysfunction or memory impairment in some human diseases. (neurosciencenews.com)
In our previous studies, we found that PGE 2 could upregulate the expression of GSK-3 β and this could be significantly inhibited by 5,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), which is one of active polymethoxyflavone compounds isolated from Murraya exotica [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Advanced glycation is a major pathway for the posttranslational modification of plasma and tissue proteins. (iospress.com)
In adipose tissue, NXT reduced fatty acid synthase while activating hormone-sensitive lipase expression. (academic-accelerator.com)

GSK-3 β has been showed to regulate ERS-activated CHOP expression. (hindawi.com)

The pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and interleukin (IL)‑1β were also significantly elevated by I/R induction. (spandidos-publications.com)

Expression of Tfap2c in caruncles significantly increased between days 55 and 90, while expression in cotyledons was relatively consistent over that same period. (usu.edu)
p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)

Expression levels in SCNT tissues were not different from controls. (usu.edu)
Compared with adjacent tissues, the carcinoma tissues expressed less NFAT2, Egr2, FasL and more COX-2 and c-myc. (researchsquare.com)
This protein is found in several tissues throughout the body, including blood vessel walls. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy18

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs132

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Kinase14

Genes31

Pathways13

Kinases3

Induce7

Transcriptional8

Receptor17

Glucose-regulated2

GRP785

ATF23

Inhibition5

Specificity1

Overexpression5

Apoptosis6

Phosphorylation2

MAPK3

Activation15

MRNA and protein expression2

Receptors3

Macrophage colony1

CREB6

Oxidative stress3

Intracellular1

Humans3

Chromatin3

Regulation4

Genetic5

PERK1

CDNA1

Binds2

Neuronal3

Initiation1

Cells35

Mice5

Abnormalities1

Activator of transcription1

Homeodomain2

Cell17

Neurons4

Isoforms1

Anti-inflammatory1

Dimerization1

Leucine zipper1

PPAR1

Prostaglandin2

Upregulation3

Distinct3

Amino3

Inflammatory6

Promoter3

Cytoplasm1

Upregulate the expression2

Tissue2

Showed to regulate1

Interleukin1

Significantly2

Tissues3