Protein export membrane proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Proteins translocated across the single plasma membrane of mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes) represent important components likely to affect several interactions of these wall-less microbes with their respective hosts. (huji.ac.il)
TnphoA fusions expressing products that could translocate as much as 48 kDa of the P101 sequence (up to the first UGA codon) across the E. coli plasma membrane. (huji.ac.il)
N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
To quantitatively and qualitatively characterize uptake, we created a biologically relevant system using the Epstein Barr virus latent membrane protein 2 and the melanoma protein gp100, each fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and expressed at the outer plasma membrane of a tumor cell line, along with a cell line expressing EGFP in the cytoplasm. (pitt.edu)
Mitochondria receive cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) or from the plasma membrane for production of oxysterols and steroid hormones. (nature.com)
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)
We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
Ypk1, in turn, regulates (via its phosphorylation of multiple substrates) maintenance of sphingolipid and glycerolipid homeostasis and bilayer lipid organization in the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)

Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
This approach exploits the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, a stress signaling mechanism that senses the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. (westminster.ac.uk)
Our screening system identified sequences that reduce the surface levels of proteins through multiple distinct trafficking pathways including endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation, ER retrieval, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and a ubiquitin ligase binding motif. (uic.edu)
The secretory pathway translocates unfolded proteins from the reducing cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen in yeast or into the periplasm in bacteria. (jove.com)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is a key mediator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR). (bvsalud.org)
There are diverse links between macroautophagy/autophagy pathways and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions to restore ER homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

Secretion across the inner membrane in some Gram-negative bacteria occurs via the preprotein translocase pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The multiply-folded inner membrane of a cell's mitochondrion that are finger-like projections. (enchantedlearning.com)
The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). (enchantedlearning.com)
Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
Mitochondria inherited three inner membrane translocases Sec, TAT and Oxa1 (YidC) from its bacterial ancestor. (tcdb.org)
We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane. (jove.com)
The method harnesses the intrinsic intracellular folding quality control mechanism of the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway to display an scFv library on the E. coli inner membrane. (jove.com)
The Tat pathway ensures that only soluble, well-folded proteins are transported out of the cytoplasm and displayed on the inner membrane, thereby eliminating poorly folded scFvs prior to interrogation for antigen-binding. (jove.com)
Following removal of the outer membrane, the scFvs displayed on the inner membrane are panned against a target antigen immobilized on magnetic beads to isolate scFvs that bind to the target antigen. (jove.com)

We show that two members, Lhca1 and Lhcb5, display an absolute requirement for stroma, nucleoside triphosphates, and protein transport apparatus, indicating an 'assisted' pathway that probably resembles that of LHCP. (soton.ac.uk)
Of the membrane proteins whose insertion into thylakoids has been analyzed, five have now been shown to insert by a SRP/Sec-independent mechanism, suggesting that this is a mainstream form of targeting pathway. (soton.ac.uk)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The sec dependent pathway is the general protein export system that transports newly synthesized proteins into or across the cell membrane. (genome.jp)
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is another protein transport system that transports folded proteins in bacteria, archaea, and chloroplasts. (genome.jp)
Characterization of a pre-export enzyme-chaperone complex on the twin-arginine transport pathway. (ibs.fr)
This latter export pathway requires the membrane potential. (tcdb.org)
The chloroplast albino 3 (ALB3) protein appears to integrate the light harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein into thylakoid membranes using a pathway that is distinct from the chloroplast Sec translocation pathway. (tcdb.org)
These methods are powerful and effective for identifying antibodies that bind to targets, yet they depend on the secretory pathway to transport proteins that will be displayed 14-16 . (jove.com)

Mitochondria import nuclearly-encoded proteins, made in the cell cytoplasm, into the mitochondrial matrix where their mitochondrial targeting sequences are removed by proteolysis. (tcdb.org)
The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
Mitochondrial TAT transports folded proteins in those eukaryotes with TatA and TatC subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (tcdb.org)
The availability of cholesterol constitutes the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis and is regulated by STARD1 which transfers cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane 5 . (nature.com)
Activated ERK1/2 also phosphorylates the GTPase dynamin-related protein (Drp1), which then stimulates mitochondrial fission. (cdc.gov)

Proteins are produced in the cytoplasm as precursors, and require a chaperone subunit to direct them to the translocase component. (wikipedia.org)
The chaperone protein SecB is a highly acidic homotetrameric protein that exists as a "dimer of dimers" in the bacterial cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
A vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
The protein export is the active transport of proteins from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell, or to the periplasmic compartment in Gram-negative bacteria. (genome.jp)

Unlike the SecD subunit of the pre-protein translocase of E. coli, SecDF of B. subtilis was not required for the release of a mature secretory protein from the membrane, indicating that SecDF is involved in earlier translocation steps. (wikipedia.org)
Here we directly analyze a gene encoding a Mycoplasma hyorhinis protein capable of promoting its membrane translocation. (huji.ac.il)
The translocation channel is formed from a conserved trimeric membrane protein complex, called the Sec61/SecY complex. (genome.jp)
During translocation from the cytosol the signal peptide is removed from the protein by endogenous proteases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phenamil, a blocker of Na + translocation, inhibited protein export. (tcdb.org)
In PFIC3, a mutation in the gene ABCB4 on chromosome 7q21 encodes the protein MDR3, which functions in the translocation of phosphatidylcholine across the canalicular membrane. (medscape.com)

Saturation of the cellâ s protein folding capacity and accumulation of inactive incompletely folded protein often accompanying the overexpression of membrane proteins (MPs) presents an obstacle to their efficient purification in a functional form for structural studies. (westminster.ac.uk)
Lactate export, glycolysis rate, and CD147 protein abundance were also inhibited by HSPA12A overexpression but promoted by HSPA12A knockdown. (thno.org)
Notably, the HSPA12A overexpression-induced inhibition of lactate export and migration were abolished by CD147 overexpression. (thno.org)
Overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells unstabilizes CD147 through increasing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby inhibits lactate export and glycolysis, and ultimately suppresses RCC cell migration. (thno.org)

The biogenesis of several bacterial polytopic membrane proteins has been shown to require signal recognition particle (SRP) and protein transport machinery, and one such protein, the major light-harvesting chlorophyll- binding protein (LHCP) exhibits these requirements in chloroplasts. (soton.ac.uk)
Thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. (enchantedlearning.com)
Homologues of the yeast Oxa1 protein are found in chloroplasts of plants and in a wide variety of bacteria. (tcdb.org)
Protein translocase in BACTERIA or CHLOROPLASTS that exports or secretes folded proteins. (bvsalud.org)
In chloroplasts, TAT is involved in transporting folded proteins across the membranes of THYLAKOIDS. (bvsalud.org)

The translocase protein subunits are encoded on the bacterial chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The Type V auto-secreting proteins of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens have been shown to be important surface-expressed molecules that facilitate colonization and in vivo survival. (uwyo.edu)
Results of this study reinforce the practicality of one or a number of these bacterial envelope proteins for use in a rapid serologic-based field assay for Brucellosis in wild and domestic animal hosts. (uwyo.edu)
It is the strongest of the bacterial promoters that we provide and this high level of expression can cause expression problems with some proteins with poor solubility. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It is the strongest bacterial promoter we sell and this can cause solubility and expression problems with some proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
2021). Membrane voltage-dependent activation mechanism of the bacterial flagellar protein export apparatus. (tcdb.org)
2016). The Bacterial Flagellar Type III Export Gate Complex Is a Dual Fuel Engine That Can Use Both H + and Na + for Flagellar Protein Export. (tcdb.org)
Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane 1 . (nature.com)

Kim, Soo Jung , Jansson, Stefan , Hoffman, Neil E. , Robinson, Colin and Mant, Alexandra (1999) Distinct 'assisted' and 'spontaneous' mechanisms for the insertion of polytopic chlorophyll-binding proteins into the thylakoid membrane. (soton.ac.uk)

Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression and cyclin DI cell cyase protein expression in malignant and normal oesophageal tissues to see whether any variation in their expression in these tissues could be of diagnostic or prognostic value. (bvsalud.org)

Experiments were therefore conducted to assess the feasibility of selected recombinant outer membrane proteins to be used to distinguish between B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. ovis infection in various host species. (uwyo.edu)
Growth of A. salmonicida under in vitro iron-restricted conditions resulted in the expression of outer membrane proteins of 73, 76 and 85 kDa, which were not present when grown under in vitro iron-replete conditions. (canada.ca)
The results of this study also suggest, at least with respect to the outer membrane proteins, that the in vitro iron-restricted growth model largely reproduces the results obtained from growth of A. salmonicida within the peritoneal cavity of salmon. (canada.ca)

The structure of the Escherichia coli SecYEG assembly revealed a sandwich of two membranes interacting through the extensive cytoplasmic domains. (wikipedia.org)
Fusion proteins containing mature P101 sequences expressed mycoplasma epitopes and were found by cell fractionation and detergent phase partitioning to be integral membrane proteins in E. coli, suggesting a lack of signal peptide cleavage in this system. (huji.ac.il)
Assessing the conformational changes of pb5, the receptor-binding protein of phage T5, upon binding to its Escherichia coli receptor FhuA. (ibs.fr)
This plasmid is designed to express tagged proteins in E. coli. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The latter can replace E. coli YidC for Sec-independent insertion of proteins ( Bloois et al . (tcdb.org)

2007 ). Several Oxa1-type insertases in the ER serve as catalytically active core subunits in the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), the guided entry of tail-anchored (GET) and the GET- and EMC-like (GEL) complex. (tcdb.org)
Flagellar export is notably fast: in the early stages of filament growth flagellin is delivered at a rate of several 55 kDa subunits per second 5 . (nature.com)
Filaments composed of ESCRT-III subunits constrict membranes of the intercellular bridge midbody to the abscission point. (elifesciences.org)

Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
N-SLIT2 amplifies reactive oxygen species production in response to the bacteria by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that in turn phosphorylates NCF1, an essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. (elifesciences.org)
In GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA, twin-arginine translocase (TAT) is involved in the export of folded proteins to the PERIPLASM. (bvsalud.org)

The translocase itself comprises 7 proteins, including a chaperone protein (SecB), an ATPase (SecA), an integral membrane complex (SecCY, SecE and SecG), and two additional membrane proteins that promote the release of the mature peptide into the periplasm (SecD and SecF). (wikipedia.org)
The correct targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) integral membrane proteins is critical for cellular homeostasis. (caltech.edu)
We hypothesized that the DCs ability to capture, internalize, and process integral membrane proteins would vary based on the target cell's viability and that the DCs ability to capture cell-associated protein would vary based on the protein's intracellular localization. (pitt.edu)

From there, the mature proteins are either targeted to the outer membrane, or remain as periplasmic proteins. (wikipedia.org)
2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)

The trafficking of membrane proteins is often mediated by the distinct signal motifs on the cargo proteins, however many proteins do not contain any of the established trafficking motifs. (uic.edu)

The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)

The data suggest a possibly spontaneous insertion mechanism that, to date, has been characterized only for simple single-span proteins. (soton.ac.uk)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
The mechanism whereby the loss of FIC1 activity results in defective bile salts excretion is unknown, but it has been hypothesized that a mutation in this protein causes phospholipid membrane instability leading to reduced function of bile acid transporters. (medscape.com)

This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Exploration of the supramolecular interactions involving tris-dipicolinate lanthanide complexes in protein crystals by a combined biostructural, computational and NMR study. (ibs.fr)
They have the ability to modulate protein activity by binding to a target protein inside cells to prevent protein-protein interactions, disrupt protein-nucleic acid interactions, or prevent substrate access to enzymes 1-5 . (jove.com)
Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were employed to examine protein-protein interactions. (thno.org)

The TMD is responsible for binding and transporting substrates, is embedded in the cell membrane, extends into the extracellular region (Figure 1). (proteopedia.org)
which is occluded when the protein in is the inward-facing conformation, is now open to the extracellular space and able to release the substrate. (proteopedia.org)

The anaerobic decomposition of plant and animal polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to CO 2 , H 2 O and methane requires syntrophic metabolism as an essential step. (ucla.edu)

The SecDF protein of B. subtilis has 12 putative transmembrane domains. (wikipedia.org)
TA proteins are defined by a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (TMD) at their C-terminus and are targeted to either the ER or mitochondria. (caltech.edu)
The transmembrane export gate complex is a H + -protein antiporter. (tcdb.org)
2016 ). FlhA and FlhB are transmembrane proteins of the flagellar type III protein export apparatus (TC# 3.A.6), and their C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (FlhAC and FlhBC) coordinate flagellar protein export with assembly. (tcdb.org)

Sequence analysis of the isolated gene predicted a hydrophilic protein, P101, containing three UGA codons and a putative signal peptide with an uncharacteristic cluster of positively charged amino acids near its C terminus. (huji.ac.il)
Importantly, identification of P101 by direct analysis of its export function relied neither on prior identification of the mycoplasmal product nor on complete expression of the product from the cloned mycoplasma gene. (huji.ac.il)
This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)
The ATP8B1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps to maintain an appropriate balance of bile acids, a component of bile. (medlineplus.gov)
The ABCB11 gene provides instructions for making a protein called the bile salt export pump (BSEP). (medlineplus.gov)
The ABCB4 gene provides instructions for making a protein that moves certain fats called phospholipids across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
FlgM inhibits transcription of its own gene, and so reduced FlgM export might partially reflect decreased cellular levels of the protein 9 . (nature.com)
If one of these mutations happens to be at a location of a gene that encodes for a protein that is the target of an antibiotic, then sometimes these mutations mean that the antibiotic can no longer bind to the target. (futurelearn.com)
Despite their genetic distinctiveness, PFIC1 and PFIC2 have few clinical differences, and both are caused by the absence of a gene product required for canalicular export and bile formation. (medscape.com)
This gene encodes the protein FIC1, also known as ATP8B1. (medscape.com)
PFIC2 is caused by a mutation in the ABCB11 gene on chromosome 2q24 that encodes the bile salt export pump (BSEP). (medscape.com)
This suggests that in most patients with PFIC-2, the gene defect is sufficiently severe to produce no product or a protein that cannot be inserted into the canalicular membrane. (medscape.com)

By curating TA proteins with experimentally determined localizations and assessing hypotheses for recognition, we bioinformatically and experimentally verify that a hydrophobic face is the most accurate singular metric for separating ER and mitochondria-destined yeast TA proteins. (caltech.edu)
2001 ). Mitochondria have two, one for co-translational, and one for post-translational insertion of membrane proteins. (tcdb.org)
Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)
We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)

SecB maintains preproteins in an unfolded state after translation, and targets these to the peripheral membrane protein ATPase SecA for secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Protein export was considerably reduced in the absence of the ATPase complex and a pH gradient across the membrane, but Na + increased it dramatically. (tcdb.org)
In wild-type cells, however, neither Na + nor phenamil affected protein export, indicating that the Na + channel activity of FlhA is suppressed by the ATPase complex. (tcdb.org)
proposed that the export gate by itself is a dual fuel engine that uses both the PMF and the SMF for protein export, and that the ATPase complex switches this dual fuel engine into a PMF-driven export machinery to become much more robust against environmental changes in external pH and Na + concentration. (tcdb.org)
Some evidence for a different view has also been reported: it was observed that type III secretion in Yersinia enterocolitica was prevented by the protonophore CCCP 7 , and it was shown that the secretion ATPase InvC of Salmonella functions to dissociate export substrate from the chaperone 8 , a role distinct from transport itself. (nature.com)
FIC1 is a P-type ATPase responsible for maintaining a high concentration of phospholipids in the inner hepatocyte membrane. (medscape.com)

LRRK2 interacts with key Wnt signaling proteins of the β-catenin destruction complex and dishevelled proteins in vivo and is recruited to membranes following Wnt stimulation, where it binds to the Wnt co-receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) in cellular models. (open.ac.uk)
The correct trafficking of membrane bound proteins is essential for cellular function. (uic.edu)
The continued identification and characterization of protein trafficking motifs will improve our understanding of cellular physiology and potentially lead to the development of therapeutics for protein trafficking diseases. (uic.edu)
The export of several flagellar export substrates was prevented by treatment with the protonophore CCCP, with no accompanying decrease in cellular ATP levels. (nature.com)
At the sub-cellular scale, maps document the spatial organization of proteins, RNA, DNA, and metabolites with nanometer precision and temporal acuity on the order of seconds. (stanford.edu)

However, identification and functional analysis of such proteins is hampered by the lack of mutational systems in mycoplasmas and by a perceived limitation in translating recombinant mycoplasma genes containing UGA (Trp) codons in other eubacteria. (huji.ac.il)
Commonly used methods for the display and screening of recombinant antibody libraries do not incorporate intracellular protein folding quality control, and, thus, the antigen-binding capability and cytoplasmic folding and solubility of antibodies engineered using these methods often must be engineered separately. (jove.com)

In its role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis, some researchers believe that the ATP8B1 protein is involved in moving certain fats across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)

Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)

cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. (enchantedlearning.com)
A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
Many diseases, arise from defects in cell surface trafficking of membrane proteins. (uic.edu)
Here, we demonstrate the utility of B31, a mutant S. cerevisiae strain lacking potassium (K+) efflux transporters, to study the regulation of functional trafficking of a reporter membrane protein (Kir2.1 channel) to the cell surface. (uic.edu)
Thus our system offers a unique tool to identify the trafficking motifs that regulate cell surface expression of membrane proteins. (uic.edu)
The proteins then fold under oxidizing conditions and are displayed on the cell surface or packaged into phage particles to screen for binding affinity 17,18 . (jove.com)
This study aimed to add to the field of DC biology by further describing how DCs handle cell-associated proteins from both live and apoptotic cells. (pitt.edu)
We hope that by uncovering the intricacies of DC handling of cell-associated proteins we will gain a better understanding of how to possibly manipulate DCs in order to influence the immune response. (pitt.edu)
Lactate export is known to play an important role in cancer cell migration. (thno.org)
[1] ABCG2 protects cells by exporting xenobiotic molecules out of the cell using ATP hydrolysis. (proteopedia.org)
Orientation of ABCG2 in relation to the cell membrane. (proteopedia.org)
One molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to transport substrates across the cell membrane while the second molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to reset the transporter to its inward-facing conformation. (proteopedia.org)
The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
Cholesterol is a ubiquitous constituent of cell membranes, steroids, bile acids, and signaling molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)

The flagellar type III export apparatus utilizes ATP and the proton motive force (PMF) to transport flagellar proteins to the distal end of the growing flagellar structure for self-assembly. (tcdb.org)
2020). FliK-Driven Conformational Rearrangements of FlhA and FlhB Are Required for Export Switching of the Flagellar Protein Export Apparatus. (tcdb.org)
These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
Dashed boxes indicate the proteins that function in flagellar secretion, either in the membrane-bound part of the apparatus or in delivery of substrate. (nature.com)
Homologues of FliI also occur in the type III secretion apparatus of injectisomes and are usually assumed to energize export in those systems as well. (nature.com)

The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)

The SecD and SecF equivalents of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis are jointly present in one polypeptide, denoted SecDF, that is required to maintain a high capacity for protein secretion. (wikipedia.org)
To address the energy requirements for type III secretion, we first measured the effect of the uncoupler CCCP on flagellar export in S. enterica , assayed by accumulation of the export substrate FlgM in the medium. (nature.com)

The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)

The properties of self-assembled amphiphilic molecules are of key relevance to understanding the complex processes that take place in biological membranes. (lu.se)

Quantitative analysis of protein gels and Western blots was conducted by digital imaging. (uwyo.edu)

2022 ). The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) serves as a docking platform for export of substrates and flagellar chaperones, and it plays an important role in hierarchical protein targeting and export. (tcdb.org)

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)

Many Tat systems comprise three functionally different membrane proteins, TatA, TatB, and TatC, but TatA and TatE seem to have overlapping functions, with TatA having by far the more important role. (genome.jp)

Combining NMR and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering in the structural analysis of a ternary protein-RNA complex. (ibs.fr)
these include the structural proteins that form the rod, hook and filament, the transcriptional regulator FlgM, and the hook-length regulator FliK. (nature.com)

Small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. (enchantedlearning.com)
Protein stability was determined following treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132. (thno.org)

Those associated with INH treatment and susceptibility to INH-induced steatosis in the liver included apolipoprotein A-IV, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, and choline phosphotransferase 1. (nih.gov)
The types are also sometimes described as shortages of particular proteins needed for normal liver function. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein is found in the liver, and its main role is to move bile salts (a component of bile) out of liver cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)

Derived from experimental measurements of a few TA proteins, there has been little examination of the TMD features that determine localization. (caltech.edu)
As a result, the localization of many TA proteins are misclassified by the simple heuristic of overall hydrophobicity. (caltech.edu)

These alterations were accompanied by metabolomic changes including reduced levels of glutathione and the choline metabolites betaine and phosphocholine, suggesting that oxidative stress and reduced lipid export may additionally contribute to INH-induced steatosis. (nih.gov)

Change of dynamics of raft-model membrane induced by amyloid-beta protein binding. (ibs.fr)
The ecology of protein dynamics. (ibs.fr)

here, discrete export signals on the cargo are recognized and captured by specific receptors that are concentrated at sites of vesicle budding. (biologists.com)

reported that the export gate complex can use the sodium motive force (SMF) in addition to the PMF to drive protein export. (tcdb.org)

Anatomy40

Organisms11

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations1

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Inner membrane10

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Chloroplasts5

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Thylakoid1

Latent membrane protein1

Outer membrane proteins3

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Subunits3

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Mechanism3

Interactions4

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