Protein depend differentiation of cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
These proteins act as tumor growth suppressors, agents that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
It has been reported that TGF-β influence different cell functions, including growth, proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been reported to inhibit the activity of protein kinase C, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. (thebiotek.com)

It breaks up the DNA during apoptosis and promotes cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development and other life processes. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key enzyme which regulates proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, representing a pharmacological target for tumor therapy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
They play an important role in many different vital cell processes including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. (harvard.edu)
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a ubiquitously expressed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. (nih.gov)
Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected cells by inducing them to undergo apoptosis, these cells like a "killer" or cytotoxin because they kill cells of interest that produce a particular antigen. (nutritionfit.org)
Isosulfan blue has also been shown to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells. (thebiotek.com)
Reduced β cells mass is often seen in T2D individuals, caused by enhanced β cells apoptosis. (lu.se)
It is now understood that several components drive β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. (lu.se)

This limits and regulates cell growth and differentiation. (icr.org)
Considerable evidence has been provided that CREG is involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. (boku.ac.at)
The practice of dentistry is likely to be revolutionized by biological therapies based on growth and differentiation factors that accelerate and/or induce a natural biological regeneration. (bvsalud.org)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
The early response gene proteins, Fos and Jun family, are components of the transcription factor AP-1 that, depending on its composition, could be related with proliferation, differentiation or cellular death. (usp.br)
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine-threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes including proliferation and survival. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Because the effects of local anesthetics on cellular signal transduction in neuronal cells are not well-known, the authors investigated whether they affect the MAP kinase signaling pathway using PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
In our search for potentially tumour-suppressive M6P/IGF2R interaction partners, we identified an essentially uncharacterized M6P-modified protein previously named Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes (CREG). (boku.ac.at)
Together with previous reports indicating that ASK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic signaling intermediate, these results suggest that ASK1 has a broad range of biological activities depending on cell types and/or cellular context. (nih.gov)
The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are adult stem cells with characteristics that make them an attractive candidate in cellular therapy for neurological diseases (1). (sld.cu)
To make food, a small number of cells are taken from the cell bank and placed in a tightly controlled and monitored environment (e.g., a very large, sealed vessel) that supports growth and cellular multiplication by supplying appropriate nutrients and other factors. (usda.gov)
Once the cells have differentiated into the desired type, the cellular material can be harvested from the controlled environment and prepared using conventional food processing and packaging methods. (usda.gov)
This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid compounds at molecular, cellular and whole animal levels, first by examining the evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids obtained using in vivo animal models of clinical neuroinflammatory conditions, specifically rodent models of multiple sclerosis, and second by describing the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system components in immune cells. (420magazine.com)
Pathogenesis and sporulation are complex processes that are governed by cellular signalling networks including G-protein and phospholipid signalling. (wur.nl)
The oncogene Ras plays a crucial role in inducing OIS through a specific cascade of proteins, as reported in a recent article in Molecular and Cellular Biology by Jacqueline Salotti, Ph.D., and colleagues in the Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Section of the Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research (CCR). (cancer.gov)
We believe the 3'UTR regulatory mechanism is likely to apply to numerous other proteins, affecting not only cancer, but also other cellular processes. (cancer.gov)
Continued progression of cellular degradation results in collective stripping of the myelin sheaths of the cells, loss of neuronal conductance, and, subsequently, numbness. (ceufast.com)
In particular, I am working on strategies that would trap locally-secreted plasticity-proteins into our biomaterial in an effort to extend the window of cellular change. (duke.edu)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)

citation needed] Subependymal nodules are composed of abnormal, swollen glial cells and bizarre multinucleated cells which are indeterminate for glial or neuronal origin. (wikipedia.org)
3,4 MAP kinase is highly expressed in the central nervous system, primarily in such postsynaptic structures as neuronal cell bodies and the bases of the proximal dendrites. (asahq.org)
We also observed that ASK1DeltaN induced expression of several neuron-specific proteins and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, confirming that PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuronal cells by ASK1. (nih.gov)
In the adult brain, the lack of these proteins can induce apoptotic neuronal death (7, 8). (sld.cu)
Histologically, a central neurocytoma is characterized by a small, uniform neoplastic cell population with features of neuronal differentiation. (medscape.com)
CN is immunoreactive to the neuronal marker proteins neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin. (medscape.com)
For this reason, this tumor can be considered as a glial neuronal tumor with predominantly neurocytic differentiation. (medscape.com)
It remains controversial as to whether CN arises from cells committed to neuronal phenotype or from bipotential cells in the periventricular matrix. (medscape.com)
Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)

Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the data from animal studies, the field of functional genomics has clearly shown that the myostatin gene is involved in a wide variety of cell processes with gene expression detected in the nervous system, immune system, muscle tissue, various internal organs, secretory cells, and reproductive tissues. (icr.org)
In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)
The expression of early primary gene proteins, fos and jun family proteins, in rat adrenal primary cultures treated with ACTH and FGF2. (usp.br)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
Magmas, a gene encoding for the mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit, Tim16, protects different cell lines from the antitumoral effects of several pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Introduction: CDKN1B gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, regulates the progression throughout G1 to S cell cycle progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. (thermofisher.com)
As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. (thermofisher.com)
SIGNALS initiated by neurotransmitter release are transferred to the nuclei of the postsynaptic cells to activate specific programs of gene expression, thus influencing synaptic functions. (asahq.org)
It has recently been reported that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (also known as extracellular signal reactive kinase [Erk]) might play an important role in linking membrane depolarization to gene expression in the postsynaptic neurons. (asahq.org)
This gene is highly expressed in fetal brain and encodes a protein of relative molecular mass 91K, named oligophrenin-1, which contains a domain typical of a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
in the absence of functional tkv gene product, visceral mesoderm parasegment 7 cells fail to express Ultra-bithorax , but instead accumulate Antennapedia protein. (biologists.com)
These observations support the hypothesis that axonal influences affect oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and expression of proteolipid protein gene products. (rupress.org)
We are always interested to hear from candidates passionate about gene regulation and quantitative cell biology. (epfl.ch)
And again, this variability was dynamic: the differences diminished over time, with gene activity in both the low- and high-Sca-1 cells becoming more like that in the middle group. (sciencedaily.com)
Together, the findings make the case that a slow fluctuation or cycling of gene activity tends to maintain cells in a stable state, while also priming them to differentiate when conditions are right. (sciencedaily.com)
Differentiating cells undergo programmed alterations in their patterns of gene expression, which are regulated by structural changes in chromatin. (nutritionfit.org)
Here we report development of a probe-based colorimetric-PCR assay involving heat shock protein (hsp) gene amplification (228bp) and its detection in an ELISA-like reaction. (cdc.gov)
The etiology of this abnormal growth process is related to a mutation in the gene that encodes the subunit of a stimulatory G protein (Gsα) located on chromosome 20. (medscape.com)
Fibrous dysplasia is caused by the sporadic mutation of the GNAS1 gene, which encodes the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein (G1) located on chromosome 20q13.2-13.3 of the osteoblastic cells. (medscape.com)
Chikungunya virus was identified by a heminested RT-PCR for the nonstructural protein 4 gene. (cdc.gov)
The CCBE1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is found in the lattice of proteins and other molecules outside the cell (extracellular matrix). (medlineplus.gov)
The function of the protein produced from the FAT4 gene is largely unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
CCBE1 gene mutations that cause Hennekam syndrome change the three-dimensional shape of the protein and severely decrease its function. (medlineplus.gov)
These encompass cutting-edge techniques such as advanced flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, molecular methodologies, including CRISPR/Cas-9 gene editing, investigations into protein interactions, and specialized assays tailored for β-cell research. (lu.se)
A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes depending on how a gene is defined. (msdmanuals.com)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)

An elevation of the intracellular calcium level, which is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels both, activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway involved in synaptic modification. (asahq.org)
The cells were stimulated with either 50 mM KCl or 1 microM ionomycin, and activated MAP kinase was thus immunoprecipitated. (asahq.org)
Pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM (ethylenedioxy)-diethyl-enedinitrilotetraacetic acid or 5 micron nifedipine blocked the MAP kinase activation induced by 50 mM KCl, whereas pretreatment with 2 microM omega-conotoxin GIVA did not. (asahq.org)
Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
It has also been demonstrated that TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest can be partially attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-β on both the expression and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [CDKI] such as p21 and p27. (biomedcentral.com)
Results One or multiple biophysical characteristics may serve as a sufficient arranged to identify stem cells [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) of predictable potency. (2011globalhealth.org)
However, a comprehensive assessment of these potential biophysical markers for prospective in [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) vitro and in vivo results remains lacking. (2011globalhealth.org)
Below, we consider correlations of multipotency with each of [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) these potentical biophysical markers, starting with cell diameter. (2011globalhealth.org)
in contrast, fetal MSCs (fMSCs) remain consistently small in size and are reported to [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) be multipotent actually after prolonged in vitro development (32). (2011globalhealth.org)
Among all adult donors, MSC subpopulations of largest were consistently collected in wall plug [Ser25] Protein Kinase C (19-31) 1 (25.7 0.7 m, termed hereafter as (suspended cell diameter), (effective cell elastic modulus), (family member nuclear fluctuations), (nuclear to cytoplasmic percentage), and (attached cell spread area). (2011globalhealth.org)
Oomycetes possess a family of novel proteins called GPCR-PIPKs (GKs) that are composed of a seven-transmembrane spanning (7-TM) domain fused to a phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) domain. (wur.nl)
Outcomes Diet-induced weight problems reduced cardiac blood sugar fat PTK787 2HCl burning capacity GLUT and AMP-activated proteins kinase (AMPK) amounts which was connected with increased degrees of macrophages toll-like receptor 4 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and cytokines in center. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
Members of the Rho family of small G proteins transduce signals from plasma-membrane receptors and control cell adhesion, motility and shape by actin cytoskeleton formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
A corresponding class of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases has recently been discovered that act as cell surface receptors for ligands of the TGFβ superfamily. (biologists.com)
These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)
Recent studies denoted that alterations in growth factors and growth factor receptors seem to influence the biologic behaviour of pancreatic cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] is such an example, being a growth stimulator in fibroblastic cells with TGF-β receptors, but a negative regulator in epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Two cannabinoid G protein-coupled receptors have been cloned thus far, CB1 receptors (Matsuda et al. (420magazine.com)
T cells cannot recognize antigen alone, as for T cell receptors (TCRs), they can recognize only antigen bound to cell-membrane proteins (MHC molecules). (nutritionfit.org)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
We have investigated its subcellular localization in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana and found that intracellular CREG resides in all these organisms within lysosomes or its functional equivalents. (boku.ac.at)
The intracellular form of CREG was found to lack an N-terminal peptide present in the secreted protein. (boku.ac.at)
They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
Our studies revealed novel functions of intracellular complement components in β cells, presenting a new link between complement and diabetes development. (lu.se)

The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. (medsci.org)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior. (uni-halle.de)
The conventional view of how stem cells differentiate assumes that cells are "instructed" to progress along prescribed signaling pathways. (sciencedaily.com)
A new study suggests that the conventional view, which assumes that cells are "instructed" to progress along prescribed signaling pathways, is too simplistic. (sciencedaily.com)
In the thymus, developing T cell, known as thymocytes, proliferate and differentiate along developmental pathways that generate functionally distinct subpopulations of mature T cells. (nutritionfit.org)
[ 10 ] Although the mutation is known, the actual pathways that lead to abnormal osteoblast differentiation and function remain to be fully elucidated. (medscape.com)

Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)
ASK1 thus appears to mediate signals leading to both differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. (uni-halle.de)
for conversation of earlier studies that noted one or more of these properties to be potential signals of differentiation capacity or commitment). (2011globalhealth.org)
Differentiation is also directed by instructive and licensing signals from the environment, especially from antigen-presenting cells (APC). (nutritionfit.org)
These cells gauge the class of the ingested microbe and generate signals that direct naïve T cells to differentiate into the subset that mobilizes the appropriate immune defense mechanisms. (nutritionfit.org)
However, a purely cytokine-driven model is difficult to reconcile with evidence that antigen presentation and delivery of differentiation signals occur by one and the same APC. (nutritionfit.org)

ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
Upon knockdown of β3 or β5 expression using small interfering RNA (si-RNA) treatment, a marked decrease in the cell surface expression of the αv subunit was observed without a change in the mRNA levels of the αv subunit. (harvard.edu)
These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
The presence of BDNF and GDNF mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and protein expression was evaluated by Western Blot. (sld.cu)
Fibrogenic particulates induced high levels of IL-1beta mRNA expression and protein secretion that are required for macrophage-guided myofibroblast transformation. (cdc.gov)

In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
In contrast, dorsomorphin markedly decreased ALP activity, alizarin red S staining and calcium content in both the cells treated with PPARγ agonist and the cells cultured in osteogenic induction media without PPARγ agonist during the culture period. (medsci.org)
In addition, the PPARγ agonist clearly increased osteogenic differentiation medium-induced BMP-2 upregulation in the periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells at 2 weeks of culture as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical analyses. (medsci.org)
Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling. (medsci.org)
We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) for long bone nonunion. (who.int)

Abstract for "Multipotency of Adult Hippocampal NSCs In Vivo Is Restricted by Drosha/NFIB" by Chiara Rolando, Andrea Erni, Alice Grison, Robert Beattie, Anna Engler, Paul J. Gokhale, Marta Milo, Thomas Wegleiter, Sebastian Jessberger, and Verdon Taylor in Cell Stem Cell . (neurosciencenews.com)

However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
BMP signaling also has a critical role in the processes by which mesenchymal stem cells undergo commitment to the adipocyte lineage. (medsci.org)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
The growth of these cells is faster, leading to an inappropriate differentiation of mesenchymal cells. (medscape.com)
These dental stem cells are considered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and possess different levels of capacities to become specific tissue forming cells. (bvsalud.org)

The integrins' involvement in all of these processes can facilitate the communication between extracellular matrix, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and parenchymal cells through their ability to bind to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands. (harvard.edu)
The key elements of tissue engineering are stem cells, morphogen, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. (bvsalud.org)

which, when active, "directly blocks genes involved in cell proliferation and induces genes involved in growth arrest, contributing to the onset of OIS," she said. (cancer.gov)

Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. (antikoerper-online.de)
The CCBE1 protein is involved in the maturation (differentiation) and movement (migration) of immature cells called lymphangioblasts that will eventually form the lining (epithelium) of lymphatic vessels. (medlineplus.gov)

Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
Antibody inhibitors and siRNA were used to manipulate the expression profiles of LX-2 cells that were incubated under normal culture conditions or after treatment with TGF-Β, a known ligand for the αv integrins and a pro-fibrotic cytokine, to mimic a pro-fibrotic environment in vitro. (harvard.edu)
This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that cell size is definitely a necessary but insufficient predictor of MSC multipotency: not all subpopulations of small diameter are multipotent, as might be inferred from earlier in vitro studies that compared smaller and larger MSCs (16). (2011globalhealth.org)
Among the several additional biophysical markers regarded as, we find that only cell tightness and nuclear fluctuations correlated strongly with in vitro differentiation potential and in vivo bone and muscle mass regeneration capacity. (2011globalhealth.org)
As human bone marrow-derived MSCs demonstrate differentiation behavior that depends strongly on both tradition conditions and donor resource (29), we regarded as 10 donor sources (5 adult donor sources, denoted aD1CaD5, and 5 fetal donor sources, denoted fD1CfD5) under identical in vitro tradition conditions. (2011globalhealth.org)

There is a long history of scientific advances in biology, biochemistry, and engineering that have led to the innovations enabling the growth of animal cells outside of the animal itself, in a controlled environment, for food. (usda.gov)
Led by Sui Huang, MD, PhD, a Visiting Associate Professor in the Children's Hospital Boston Vascular Biology Program (now also on the faculty of the University of Calgary), and Hannah Chang, an MD/PhD student in Children's Vascular Biology Program, the researchers examined how blood stem cells "decide" to become white blood cell progenitors or red blood cell progenitors. (sciencedaily.com)
With a goal of understanding cancer cell biology, including what causes a normal cell to become a tumor cell and how to stop a cancer cell from proliferating, she earned an undergraduate degree in pharmacy-biochemistry and a Ph.D. in biochemistry/molecular biology from the University of São Paulo, Brazil. (cancer.gov)
The Anti-Cyclin-A antibody is ideal for investigators involved in cell signaling, cell biology and signal transduction research. (signalchem.com)
The candidate must hold a PhD preferentially in the field of diabetes research, cell biology or related discipline, and must have completed their PhD within 3 years from the start of the appointment. (lu.se)
Having prior expertise in the following areas can be highly advantageous for this role: cell biology, diabetes research, beta-cell differentiation, proficiency in microscopy techniques, hands-on experience with mouse models, and a strong background in bioinformatic analysis, particularly in RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing. (lu.se)

In paper II, we showed that silencing of CD59 expression in rat β cells significantly suppressed insulin secretion. (lu.se)
Non-GPI anchored CD59 interacts with SNARE protein: VAMP2 and rescues insulin secretion. (lu.se)

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into many cell types. (neurosciencenews.com)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
After the cells have multiplied many times over into billions or trillions of cells, additional factors (e.g., protein growth factors, new surfaces for cell attachment, additional nutrients) are added to the controlled environment to enable the cells to differentiate into various cell types and assume characteristics of muscle, fat, or connective tissue cells. (usda.gov)
It reveals an elegant yet simple system that maintains cells in a stable state, yet enables them to differentiate under the right conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
Instead, it supports the idea that cells differentiate through the collective behavior of multiple genes in a network that ultimately leads to just a few endpoints -- just as a marble on a hilltop can travel a nearly infinite number of downward paths, only to arrive in the same valley. (sciencedaily.com)
But most important, the differences in Sca-1, GATA1 and PU.1 levels across the three cell groups became less pronounced over time, as did the variability in the cells' propensity to differentiate, suggesting that the differences are transient. (sciencedaily.com)
A stem cell is commonly defined as a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and produce progeny cells that differentiate (develop) into various other types of cells or tissues. (bvsalud.org)

Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that reside on the surface of cells as transmembrane proteins made of an alpha and beta subunit. (harvard.edu)
There are 24 known integrin molecules classified into different families depending on the subunits (i.e. αv family of integrins) or by the ligands they bind to (i.e. (harvard.edu)
Therefore, a critical role may exist for short-range acting factors, such as cell surface molecules. (nutritionfit.org)

Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
GREM2 encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. (thermofisher.com)
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are multipotent stem cells and are considered good candidates for cell restoration in injured brain tissue. (sld.cu)
They arise in the bone marrow but migrate to the thymus gland to mature.The diverse responses of T cells are collectively called cell-mediated immune reactions. (nutritionfit.org)
I delivered stem cells from the material to promote bone formation. (duke.edu)
Osteoblastic cells expressing this mutation have a higher DNA synthesis than normal bone cells. (medscape.com)
Involved bone cells are immature. (medscape.com)
The consequence of this mutation is an inappropriate cell differentiation resulting in a disorganized fibrotic bone matrix. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] Consequently, the osteoblastic cells will elaborate a fibrous tissue in the bone marrow instead of normal bone. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] The consequence of this mutation is an inappropriate cell differentiation resulting in a disorganized fibrotic bone matrix. (medscape.com)
Postnatal stem cells have been sourced from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, peripheral blood, body fat, and almost all body tissues, including the pulp tissue of teeth 8 . (bvsalud.org)

specifically, evidence showing that cannabinoids inhibit neuroinflammation and that immune cells express the entire machinery that constitutes a functional cannabinoid signaling system. (420magazine.com)
Since oncogenic mutations in Ras are found in approximately 30 percent of all human cancers, including pancreatic, colorectal, lung, melanoma, and leukemia, Salotti said these findings elucidate the biological processes that underlie Ras signaling mechanisms and suggest that methods may be developed for reactivating Ras-induced senescence in tumor cells to inhibit proliferation. (cancer.gov)
Memory T cells consist of both CD4 and CD8 T cells that can rapidly acquire effector functions to kill infected cells and/or secrete inflammatory cytokines that inhibit replication of the pathogen. (nutritionfit.org)
They can inhibit T cells and B cells to regulate and control the immune response and maintain immune self-stability. (nutritionfit.org)

Myostatin, also known as 'growth differentiation factor 8' (GDF-8), is a protein in humans that circulates in the blood system and acts on muscle tissue by binding a receptor on the muscle-cell surface. (icr.org)
This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
The role of PKC depends on the tissue and on the specific isoform, among the 11 identified so far. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
Desmosome composition and size vary depending on tissue specific expression and differentiation state. (uni-halle.de)
Scientists typically start with a sample of cells from the tissue of an animal or fish, a process that typically does not permanently harm or kill the animal. (usda.gov)
SIV antigen has been demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods in lymph node sinus histiocytes, macrophages, and giant cells (14) as well as in macrophage-derived cells in brain tissue from diseased monkeys (8). (cdc.gov)

By enhancing their GTPase activity, GAP proteins inactivate small Rho and Ras proteins, so inactivation of rhoGAP proteins might cause constitutive activation of their GTPase targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
1. Rizzolio F, Lucchetti C, et al, Retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein phosphorylation and inactivation depend on direct interaction with Pin1. (signalchem.com)
Once inactivation has taken place in a cell, all descendants of that cell have the same X inactivation. (msdmanuals.com)

Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
Previous studies have indicated that newly formed oligodendrocytes are dynamic cells whose production, survival, and differentiation depend upon axonal influences. (rupress.org)
Moshayedi P, Nih LR, Llorente IL, Berg AR, Cinkornpumin J, Lowry WE, Segura T, Carmichael ST. Systematic optimization of an engineered hydrogel allows for selective control of human neural stem cell survival and differentiation after transplantation in the stroke brain. (duke.edu)
Life expectancy depends on the severity of the condition and can vary from death in childhood to survival into adulthood. (medlineplus.gov)

TSC is caused by a mutation of either of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, which code for the proteins hamartin and tuberin, respectively, with TSC2 mutations accounting for the majority and tending to cause more severe symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
However, new research shows that the decision is made collectively by an entire network of genes and proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
Again, they found tremendous variability within the apparently uniform cell population: more than 3,900 genes were differentially expressed (turned "on" or "off") between the low- and high-Sca-1 cells. (sciencedaily.com)
However, prior to commitment, it has been cells, it is evident that GATA-1 and PU.1 are able to specify observed that many genes are expressed at intermediate or basal erythroid and myeloid cell fates (see [16] and references therein). (lu.se)
Genes are contained in chromosomes in the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
ES cells are pluripotent cells, which mean that they can give rise to all differentiated cell types derived from all three germ layers. (bvsalud.org)

We found that p38 and to a lesser extent JNK, but not ERK, were activated by the expression of ASK1DeltaN in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
ASK1DeltaN-induced neurite outgrowth was strongly inhibited by treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 but not with the MEK inhibitors, suggesting that activation of p38, rather than of ERK, is required for the neurite-inducing activity of ASK1 in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
Moreover, ASK1DeltaN-expressing PC12 cells survived in serum-starved condition. (nih.gov)

Previous studies have shown that B cell development and activation in GC are controlled by different molecular mechanisms, such as protein phosphorylation, transcription, microRNA, and epigenetic modification. (umontreal.ca)

These antigens include organic dusts containing bacteria, fungi,4 animal or plant proteins, or low-molecular-weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)

Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
The molecular study of fat cell development in the human body is essential for our understanding of obesity and related diseases. (mdpi.com)
Like all other GTPases, Rho proteins act as molecular switches, with an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. (wikipedia.org)
Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-3 is activated in the apoptotic cell. (wikipedia.org)
How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)

These characteristics correlate with a distinct nuclear architecture, epigenetic signatures enriched for active chromatin marks and hyperdynamic binding of structural chromatin proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, several chromatin-related proteins have been shown to regulate ESC pluripotency and/or differentiation, yet the role of the major heterochromatin proteins in pluripotency is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
In pluripotent and differentiated cells HP1β is differentially localized and differentially associated with chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)

We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)
When the biological properties of MSCs were explored in more detail, questions arose whether these cells met the criterion of a true stem cell [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)

Summary: A new study reports hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha. (neurosciencenews.com)
A research group at the University of Basel now describes for the first time a mechanism by which hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha. (neurosciencenews.com)
The functions of the hippocampus are based on different cell types, some of which are generated throughout life by neural stem cells. (neurosciencenews.com)
Neural stem cells are generally accepted to produce three different cell types: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
These are neural stem cells in the adult mouse hippocampus. (neurosciencenews.com)
Retrieved August 18, 2016 from https://neurosciencenews.com/neural-stem-cells-genetics-4869/[/cbtab][cbtab title="Chicago"]University of Basel. (neurosciencenews.com)
https://neurosciencenews.com/neural-stem-cells-genetics-4869/ (accessed August 18, 2016). (neurosciencenews.com)
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are defined by their inherent capacity to self-renew and give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
Studies have shown that neurocytoma cells exhibit both neural and glial phenotypes and have the properties reminiscent of precursor cells derived from the periventricular matrix. (medscape.com)
This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)

Drosha degrades the messenger RNA for NFIB in the adult hippocampal stem cells and prevents the expression of this transcription factor which is necessary for the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and thus blocks their development and therefore biases differentiation towards neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
The results showed that ACTH and FGF2 treatments modify the expression pattern of these proteins, inducing consistent and expressive increase of JunB expression in the ACTH-treated cells, suggesting an AP1 composition with JunB/c-Fos or FosB. (usp.br)
Cells were analyzed by qPCR and flow cytometry to assess the changes in the integrin expression profile. (harvard.edu)
Knockdown of β3 expression using si-RNA treatment did not affect the cell surface expression of αvβ5 and knockdown of β5 expression using si-RNA treatment did not affect the cell surface expression of αvβ3. (harvard.edu)
We have now demonstrated that reconstitution of functional M6P/IGF2R expression in receptor-deficient murine cancer cells severely compromises their invasive potential. (boku.ac.at)
We also aimed to evaluate the expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers such as cyclin D1 and Ki-67. (biomedcentral.com)
p27 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and decreased protein levels of p27 may play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
We report here that expression of constitutively active ASK1 (ASK1DeltaN) induces neurite outgrowth in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. (nih.gov)
The project will aim at developing a strategy allowing progressive changes in the expression levels of two spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins as a function of TF levels. (epfl.ch)
The expression pattern of these proteins in BMSC has not been well characterized. (sld.cu)
When -CD40 was given in conjunction with CDEC-OVA, comparable expression of CD69 and CD62L was found and comparable amounts of OT-II cell division were seen at day 3 (Fig. 1a). (ubatubasat.com)
From forced expression studies in both cell lines and primary turned ON/OFF. (lu.se)
Induction of glucotoxicity in primary, healthy human islets led to a significant decrease in IRIS-1 protein-level expression. (lu.se)
We found that IRIS-1 expressing cells displayed significantly higher expression levels of Urocortin 3 and Pdx 1 (markers of mature β cells, which loss marks the beginning of β cells dedifferentiation), suggesting that IRIS-1 may be required for maintaining β cells identity and function. (lu.se)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)

We make use of tkv loss-of-function mutations to examine the consequences of the failure of embryonic cells to respond to dpp and/or other TGFβ homologs. (biologists.com)

Isosulfan blue has also been investigated for its potential use in photodynamic therapy, which involves the activation of a photosensitizer by light to induce cell death. (thebiotek.com)

The cell diversity is originated by cell differentiation, which has been attributed to the activation of specific transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
Nos analyses ont aussi révélées que les protéines CBL contrôlent cette étape du développement des cellules B du CG en favorisant l'ubiquitination de IRF4, un facteur de transcription exprimé tardivement dans les lymphocytes B du CG ayant vraisemblablement acquis un BCR de haute affinité. (umontreal.ca)
The activity of transcription factors (TFs) on cell fate decisions depends on their cumulative concentration over time. (epfl.ch)
Huang and Chang then looked at the proteins GATA1 and PU.1, transcription factors that normally favor differentiation into red and white blood cells, respectively. (sciencedaily.com)
The past decade has seen the discovery of an ever-growing number of CD4 T helper cell subsets, with unique transcriptional programs governed by lineage-defining transcription factors. (nutritionfit.org)

Isosulfan blue has been shown to have effects on cell function and signal transduction. (thebiotek.com)

In the constant state, immature DCs capture, process, and present to T cells a variety of self and environmental antigens including proteins from serum, commensal microbes, and lifeless cells17C22. (ubatubasat.com)

The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
Myostatin and its complex functional role in the cell is evidence of divine bioengineering, not evolution. (icr.org)
Rho-specific GAP domains are found in a wide variety of large, multi-functional proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
When they receive the same antigenic stimuli as they once again, they can proliferate as functional T cells against antigen or plasma cells that produce antibodies. (nutritionfit.org)
Since robust localisation of IRIS-1 in the nucleus is observed only in some nuclei, it can suggest that IRIS-1 is localising in the nucleus depending on the differentiation state of the cells or in a subset of cells with different functional relevance. (lu.se)

However, as can be clearly seen from the studies in animals, bodies need myostatin to regulate cell growth. (icr.org)

At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
cohort of progenitor cells throughout totally different phases of post-ischemic myocardial wound restore. (aetox.com)
progenitor cells within combined cell populations. (2011globalhealth.org)
Of particular interest is whether any of these physical signatures, or mixtures thereof, could prospectively determine and type multipotent MSC subpopulations from precommitted progenitor cells. (2011globalhealth.org)

Magenta: the hippocampal stem cells generate newborn neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
On the other hand, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has the strongest trophic effect on dopaminergic neurons (10). (sld.cu)
We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)

It depends on a stage-wise developmental process that includes B cell activation, antigen processing and presentation to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, proliferation and somatic hypermutation in GC, selection and eventual differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) or memory B cells. (umontreal.ca)
Like antibody responses, T cell responses are exquisitely antigen-specific, and they are at least as important as antibodies in defending vertebrates against infection. (nutritionfit.org)
Together with memory B cells, lymphocytes that store specific antigen messages after antigen stimulation have lifespans of up to several decades. (nutritionfit.org)
The outcome of antigen presentation by DCs depends on the state of DC differentiation or maturation11C16. (ubatubasat.com)
Intravital two-photon microscopy TAPI-0 was used to image T cell priming in lymph nodes7, and showed that T cells interact with fully mature, antigen-loaded, DCs in 3 phases. (ubatubasat.com)
In contrast, when tolerance was TAPI-0 examined in explanted lymph nodes6, T cells did not establish prolonged contacts with antigen-loaded TAPI-0 DCs. (ubatubasat.com)
To examine tolerance and immunity in live mice, Goat polyclonal to IgG (H+L)(HRPO) we developed a method for visualizing endogenous DCs simultaneously interacting with antigen-specific and non-specific CD4+ T cells. (ubatubasat.com)
Here we statement a novel antigen-specific stop transmission that acts within an hour of T cells leaving the HEVs in both immunity and tolerance. (ubatubasat.com)
RESULTS Antigen delivery by -DEC-205 We sought to determine how widely divergent endpoints of tolerance and immunity relate to the physical conversation between DCs and CD4+ T cells during early stages of antigen acknowledgement. (ubatubasat.com)
However, OT-II cells responding to antigen in the presence of -CD40 adjuvant persisted at day 7 and showed enhanced proliferation in response to antigen by day 3 and are deleted in the absence of -CD40 by day 7. (ubatubasat.com)

Some SIV isolates, however, are antigenically more related to HIV-2 than to HIV-I by cross-reactivity of viral capsid and envelope proteins. (cdc.gov)

On March 7, 2019, FDA and FSIS agreed to establish a joint regulatory framework for human foods made from cultured cells of livestock and poultry to help ensure that any such products brought to market are safe, unadulterated, and truthfully labeled. (usda.gov)
Regulatory jurisdiction transitions from FDA to FSIS during the harvesting stage of the cell-culturing process. (usda.gov)
Regulatory oversight of human foods comprised of or containing cultured animal cells depends on the animal species used as the original source of cultured cells, and it is based on the agencies' existing jurisdiction over products. (usda.gov)
Regulatory / suppressor T cells often play an important role in maintaining their own tolerance and avoid excessive damage to the immune response to the body. (nutritionfit.org)
There are many classes of regulatory / suppressor T cells, including CD25 and CD4 T cells. (nutritionfit.org)

Differentiation of distinct cell types at specific locations within a developing organism depends largely on the ability of cells to communicate. (biologists.com)
Also, SIV is distinct from simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLY-I) which shares extensive genomic sequences with human T-lymphotropic virus type I and is associated with T-cell lymphomas in nonhuman primates (12). (cdc.gov)

Today, Salotti is focused on finding important factors of the mechanism that tumor cells use to prevent a cell's natural ability to suppress tumor growth. (cancer.gov)

Here, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD in four independent families caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function pathogenic variants in TMEM53 , which encodes a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. (nature.com)
Oligophrenin-1 encodes a rhoGAP protein involved in X-linked mental retardation. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Such activation is known to affect cell migration and outgrowth of axons and dendrites in vivo. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) is a multifunctional tumour suppressor which binds a variety of factors that impinge on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cancer cells. (boku.ac.at)
These differences in early T cell migration suggests that the stability of T cell-DC interactions determines commitment to tolerance or immunity6. (ubatubasat.com)

In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. (medsci.org)
Conversely, when stem cells were exposed to granulocyte--macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which stimulates white blood cell formation, those that were highest in Sca-1 were the most likely to become white cells. (sciencedaily.com)

In conclusion, PDGFRα -derived peptides are novel inhibitors of the cell-associated unfold of HCMV and facilitate the investigation of this transmission mode. (aetox.com)
Growth factors do not only stimulate cell proliferation, but they may also act as growth inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulatory pathway that is involved. (biomedcentral.com)

They began by examining populations of seemingly identical blood stem cells, and found that a cell marker of "stemness," a protein called Sca-1, was actually present in highly variable amounts from cell to cell -- in fact, they found a 1,000-fold range. (sciencedaily.com)
According to the function and surface marker, T cells can be divided into four main classes. (nutritionfit.org)
The major surface marker of cytotoxic T cells is CD8, also known as killer T cells. (nutritionfit.org)
The major surface marker of helper T cells is CD4. (nutritionfit.org)
[ 15 ] Osteocalcin is a late marker of osteoblast differentiation. (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] Osteocalcin is a late marker of osteoblast differentiation. (medscape.com)

However monitoring their accumulation over time in single cells is challenging. (epfl.ch)
In the intestines, ruptured vessels can lead to accumulation of lymph fluid, which interferes with the absorption of nutrients, fats, and proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
C3 was required to maintain autophagy activity in β cells, as evidenced by the massive accumulation of LC3-II puncta, indicating that in the absence of C3 autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. (lu.se)

[ 9 , 10 ] As a consequence of this mutation, a substitution occurs in which the cysteine or the histidine-amino acids of the genomic DNA in the osteoblastic cells-is replaced by arginine. (medscape.com)

Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
3 Clearly, myostatin plays a role in a wide variety of important cell processes. (icr.org)
Aside from being the main source of all T cells, it is where T cells diversity and then are shaped into an effective primary T cell repertoire by an extraordinary pair of selection processes. (nutritionfit.org)
In the constant state, DCs actively probed passing T cells with dendritic processes, but showed little translational movement and were found in extensive interdigitating networks within the T cell zones. (ubatubasat.com)

Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
The most valuable cells for regenerative endodontics are postnatal or adult stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
Based on their origin, there are two main types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and postnatal or adult stem cells (AS cells). (bvsalud.org)

Cell-free human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may be inhibited by a soluble type of the mobile HCMV-receptor PDGFRα , resembling neutralization by antibodies . (aetox.com)
receptor 2 (CLEC-2) which is solely expressed by platelets and quite a lot of immune cells. (aetox.com)
In mammals, transport of CREG to these compartments was shown to rely on the M6P receptor pathway as typical for soluble lysosomal proteins. (boku.ac.at)
Induction of IL-1beta is dependent on the activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in macrophages, as inhibition of NLRP3 by MCC950 and reduction of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine blocked NLRP3 activation, IL-1beta induction, and fibroblast activation and differentiation. (cdc.gov)

Prognosis is highly variable and depends on the symptoms, but life expectancy is normal for many. (wikipedia.org)

Finally, we note that the undifferentiated ESC nucleus itself shows less spatial organization than in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Depletion of oMAP4 impairs cell elongation and cell-cell fusion. (elifesciences.org)
Its localization suggested involvement in cell differentiation and elongation and its 7-TM domain showed a canonical GPCR membrane topology. (wur.nl)

Skeletal muscle fibre formation requires a coordinated programme of morphological and biochemical changes in the differentiating cells. (elifesciences.org)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by defective insulin exocytosis from the pancreatic β cells, accompanied by insulin resistance. (lu.se)

It remains inactive in growing cells while it is associated with its inhibitor (ICAD, DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit, DFFA or DFF45) resulting into a complex ICAD-CAD. (wikipedia.org)

To qualify as a stem cell, these cells must be able to self-renew, most likely by symmetric cell division to produce two daughter cells with the same stem cell qualities. (hindawi.com)
Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
5. What is the best ECM protein to study stem cell differentiation? (sigmaaldrich.com)
The journal Cell Stem Cell has published their results. (neurosciencenews.com)
The current view proposes that stem cell differentiation is controlled by their local environment, the so-called niche. (neurosciencenews.com)
The team lead by Prof. Verdon Taylor was able to demonstrate for the first time a cell-intrinsic mechanism regulating stem cell fate . (neurosciencenews.com)
Our research results about the function of Drosha challenge the way we used to think about how stem cell fate is controlled», says cell biologist Taylor. (neurosciencenews.com)
How does a stem cell decide what specialized identity to adopt -- or simply to remain a stem cell? (sciencedaily.com)
Hematopoietic stem cell lineage choices are decided by genetic networks that are turned ON/OFF in a switch-like manner. (lu.se)
It levels for the hematopoietic stem cell system [1,2]. (lu.se)
This explains why researchers are now focusing attention on developing stem cell therapies using postnatal stem cells donated by the patients themselves or their close relatives. (bvsalud.org)
Cell Stem Cell. (lu.se)
Stem Cell Res Ther. (lu.se)

Although lectins were already known because of their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, 3 the involvement of lectins and glycans in PCD had not been elucidated. (nature.com)
Future studies will aim at the identification of these anti-invasive M6P-modified protein(s) followed by a comprehensive assessment of their involvement in tumour invasion and metastasis. (boku.ac.at)

We characterized the mechanical response of attached cells via atomic push microscopy-enabled nanoindentation of the cell body. (2011globalhealth.org)
We have examined the behavior of constant state DCs in live anesthetized mice by intravital 2-photon TAPI-0 microscopy CD11c-EYFP transgenic mice that express high amounts of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in CD11c+ DCs10. (ubatubasat.com)
A 10-µL volume of supernatant from infected cells was applied to a carbon-coated grid, stained with phototungstic acid, and examined by electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)

Podoplanin is a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein that performs an essential function in coronary heart growth, cell motility, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. (aetox.com)

Anatomy65

Organisms8

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Proliferation and differentiation4

Apoptosis16

Growth and differentiation3

Cellular18

Neuronal9

Gene29

Kinase12

Receptors8

Intracellular8

Pathways8

Signals10

MRNA5

Osteogenic6

Abstract1

Mesenchymal5

Extracellular matrix2

Involved in cell proliferation1

Maturation2

Vitro8

Biology6

Secretion2

Differentiate7

Molecules5

Bone15

Inhibit4

Tissue7

Inactivation3

Survival4

Genes6

Pluripotent cells2

PC12 Cells3

Phosphorylation1

Plant Proteins1

Molecular3

Apoptotic4

Chromatin4

MSCs4

Neural11

Expression16

Embryonic cells1

Induce1

Transcription5

Signal Transduction1

Immature1

Functional6

Regulate cell1

Progenitor5

Neurons3

Antigen10

Envelope proteins1

Regulatory5

Distinct2

Tumor growth1

Encodes2

Migration3

Stimulates2

Inhibitors2

Marker6

Accumulation3

Osteoblastic1

Processes4

Adult stem3

Receptor4

Prognosis1

Nucleus3

Elongation2

Biochemical1

Insulin1

Subunit1

Stem cell13

Involvement2

Microscopy3

Transmembrane1