Protein defective interfering viral particles defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

The rule of six, a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These sub-viral RNAs were shown to interfere with RnPV6 replication, at least for that of cognate segment dsRNA1. (elsevierpure.com)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
Using defective interfering (DI) RNA or minigenomic RNA templates, we previously demonstrated that phosphorylation within the amino-terminal domain I is essential for transcription, whereas phosphorylation within the carboxy-terminal domain II is necessary for replication. (nebraska.edu)
Absolute quantification of viral proteins during single-round replication of MDCK suspension cells. (mpg.de)
In typical situations, when TLR7 is activated by rhinovirus it initiates the production of a cytokine known as interferon (IFN), which was described more than 50 years ago as "anti-viral" because it inhibits the replication of influenza virus. (balr.co.uk)
1 ] Since this original discovery we now know that IFNs, which have now been grouped into three types (IFN-I to -III), prevent viral replication by interfering with viral RNA and protein transcription and translation, respectively. (balr.co.uk)
This lack of TLR7 was noticeably explicit, since other pattern-recognition receptors and proteins involved in preventing viral replication such as MyD88 and TLR3 were normal. (balr.co.uk)
HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)
Chikungunya virus replication rate determines the capacity of crossing tissue barriers in mosquitoes. (salehlab.eu)
Non-retroviral Endogenous Viral Element Limits Cognate Virus Replication in Aedes aegypti Ovaries. (salehlab.eu)
Impaired antiviral response of adenovirus-transformed cell lines supports virus replication. (probiogen.de)
The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. (longdom.org)
The inventors have developed a system for generating infectious HCV particles and HCV-like particles (HCV-LP) suitable for a qualitative single-cycle entry assay, completely independent of HCV replication. (nih.gov)
We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
During coronavirus infection, in addition to synthesis of the coronavirus genome (referred to as coronavirus replication), a 3′-coterminal nested set of subgenomic mRNAs (sgmRNAs) are also produced (in referred to as coronavirus transcription), from which structural and accessory proteins are translated [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Replication of the viral RNA takes place inside the nucleus. (biologydiscussion.com)
Before the replication begins, early proteins are synthesized in the nucleus of the infected cells. (biologydiscussion.com)
Within 12h of infection and before start of DNA replication, there begins early protein synthesis. (biologydiscussion.com)
Late proteins are synthesized when DNA replication is over. (biologydiscussion.com)
Considering the important role of the UPS in HBV infection, a better understanding of the HBV-UPS interaction could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that are involved in viral replication and pathogenesis and help to develop potential treatment strategies targeting the UPS. (biomedcentral.com)
pgRNA translates viral HBc and Pol proteins, and also acts as a template for the replication of the HBV genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the HBV is a small DNA virus, and there is only limited genetic information in the viral genome, the virus heavily relies on cellular factors for viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
During HBV infection, a variety of cellular factors are recruited by the virus to regulate multiple steps in the HBV replication cycle [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, cumulative evidence indicates that the host ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has vital roles in HBV replication as well as virus-related pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

The goal is for harmless TIPs to outnumber flu virus genetic elements so infected cells would generate relatively few infectious viruses and a bumper crop of "dud viruses" with TIP genes, rapidly diluting the harmful viruses and halting the infection, according to DARPA. (rutgers.edu)
Here, we revisit the use of rodent-adapted and non-adapted Ebola virus (EBOV) in mice to investigate infection tolerance and future utility of these models in pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies. (cdc.gov)
Infection with Lassa virus (LASV), the etiologic agent of LF, results in a spectrum of clinical signs in humans, including severe and lethal hemorrhagic disease. (cdc.gov)
That is why there is no cure for the common cold a viral infection. (bio-asli.com)
The body recognizes a vaccine as a viral infection and mounts a feverish attack by producing its own antiviral compounds, called antibodies. (bio-asli.com)
Particularly the HIV virus attacks the cells of the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infection by any number of opportunistic organism. (bio-asli.com)
Moreover, we are investigating how defective interfering particles (DIPs) can be generated in the absence of infectious virus and how DIPs inhibit influenza virus infection. (dpz.eu)
We are investigating which viral and host factors determine whether infection will result in severe disease. (dpz.eu)
This study from the laboratory of Prof. Reichl, Max-Planck-Institute Magdeburg, shows that genetically homogenous influenza A virus defective interfering particles (DIPs) produced in cell culture can inhibit influenza A virus infection in a rodent model. (dpz.eu)
Studies of the Infection Biology Unit revealed that SARS-CoV-2 uses the cellular protease for activation of its spike protein. (dpz.eu)
APOBEC3B drives PKR-mediated translation shutdown and protects stress granules in response to viral infection. (uci.edu)
Genotoxic stress and viral infection induce transient expression of APOBEC3A and pro-inflammatory genes through two distinct pathways. (uci.edu)
Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
30,000 different viruses chickenpox-like illnesses may indicate infection caused by a comprising 56 separate families have been identified, and novel agent or a bioterrorist act. (cdc.gov)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
5,6 ] While this has important implications in other types of infection, this is not how macrophages tackle single-stranded viruses such as rhinovirus. (balr.co.uk)
Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
2012). This is due to the establishment, early after primary infection, of a viral reservoir that is responsible for the persistence of low levels of plasma viremia in patients under suppressive ART (Chun et al. (europa.eu)
Defective viral genomes as therapeutic interfering particles against flavivirus infection in mammalian and mosquito hosts. (salehlab.eu)
Individual co-variation between viral RNA load and gene expression reveals novel host factors during early dengue virus infection of the Aedes aegypti midgut. (salehlab.eu)
Importantly, these findings suggest oleandrin may have broad antiviral activity against enveloped viruses by reducing the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into mature particles, a stage of the infection cycle not targeted by modern HAART. (longdom.org)
HCV has infected an estimated 3% of the world population in whom viral infection persists for more than two third of the cases, often resulting in life-threatening complications. (nih.gov)
One alternative strategy in HCV-vaccine or drug development comprises measuring viral entry, the first step in viral infection. (nih.gov)
Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)
Glycoprotein D is essential for virus penetration into permissive cells and thus is a major target for virus neutralizing antibodies during infection. (biomedcentral.com)
During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the UPS is shown to act as a double-edged sword in viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the HBV is capable of selectively and specifically altering the expression of intracellular factors, which are involved in the host immune response, to mediate persistent viral infection [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

RRM proteins are the largest family of RNA-binding proteins and the seventh largest protein family of the human genome. (wikipedia.org)
In a cell infected with both a flu virus and a TIP, the cell makes copies of the TIP genome that compete for viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
Her role will be to provide imaging and quantification methods to study, in cells and eventually animals, which parts of the influenza virus genome have mutated and to what degree. (rutgers.edu)
Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. (mdpi.com)
Pull apart and decode the human genome and you'll find, rather surprisingly perhaps, that only 2% of it contains protein-coding genes. (balr.co.uk)
Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The 5′ two-thirds of the genome contains two ORFs (ORF 1a and ORF 1b) that encode 15-16 nonstructural proteins (nsps), and the other one-third of the genome consists largely of genes encoding structural and accessory proteins [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, the 'viral genome' was derived in silico, which means no actual virus was physically lysed & analyzed, let alone proven to exist. (linode.com)
RNA wasn't physically extracted by whole lysed virions, but instead, as the authors state: 'We extracted RNA for whole genome sequencing of the viral isolate. (linode.com)
They always use a 'culture', use a specific cell line, apply the same chemical assault to the culture in order to induce a CPE, take an EM photo of the culture soup with no isolation of particles, and then apply a non-purified sample of this soup to a computer-based program that reconstructs a fictitious genome. (linode.com)
Virologists are trained and told to follow a specific procedure in 'isolating' & 'sequencing' viruses because both the virus & the viral genome don't exist in nature. (linode.com)
The viral genome is always generated in silico through the computational reconstruction of a larger gene out of millions of short gene fragments of unknown origins. (linode.com)
FVP-RTP is able to bind to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and integrate into the viral RNA chain, causing a significant mutagenic effect through GA and СU transitions in the viral RNA genome. (crie.ru)
Printed in Great Britain Key words: coronaviruses/genome expression/protein structure REVIEW ARTICLE Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression By W. SPAAN, 1. (pdfroom.com)

RnPV6 has typical partitivirus features: dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 2462 and 2499 bps in length encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein. (elsevierpure.com)
The phosphoprotein (P) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an essential subunit of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex. (nebraska.edu)
Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
In addition, viral resistance to newly developed drugs -- targeting viral protease or RNA polymerase -- has been described, but no vaccine is yet available. (nih.gov)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
these are inhibitors of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). (crie.ru)

The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. (pdfroom.com)

Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome caused mostly by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), which is a γ-herpesvirus. (medscape.com)
This finding allowed enhanced diagnostic accuracy of infectious mononucleosis, even if the exact virus had not been isolated. (medscape.com)
We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -a related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. (longdom.org)
Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. (longdom.org)
Viruses and bacteria cause most of the infectious respiratory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Children, the elderly, and those with defective immune systems or with underlying chronic diseases are at highest risk of being affected by airborne infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
3) Permanent application of high therapeutic doses of FPV under the strict medical control to enhance the lethal mutagenic effect on an infectious virus in the recipient organism to prevent the multiplication of its mutant forms. (crie.ru)
In conclusion, the market for methods, compositions, and methods for creating an adenovirus virus vector for multiple vaccinations is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases, the growing demand for gene therapy, and the rising investments in research and development activities. (inventiv.org)
Most experimental data have been obtained from studies of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens (IBV). (pdfroom.com)
Additional representatives of the family reviewed in this article are the human (HCV) and bovine (BCV) coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), haemagglutinating encephalitis virus (HEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (pdfroom.com)

In the late 1970s and early 1980s he identified genomic sequences for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus (RABV), members of the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses, and for Ebola virus and Marburg virus from the broader group of negative-strand RNA viruses (NSRV). (wikipedia.org)
He identified the origins of defective interfering particles of negative-strand RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic manipulation of non- segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

He cloned rheumatological autoimmune protein genes. (wikipedia.org)
The majority of the leftover genes are transcribed into appropriately named non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA). (balr.co.uk)
To adapt this system as a single assay to study HCV-LP entry, HCV non-structural genes were replaced with a heterologous gene that upon viral-entry triggers firefly luciferase and EGFP expressions in target as well as non-permissive cells. (nih.gov)
In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
1000 Mb with up to 18,000 protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

At present, there are no antiretroviral drugs that inhibit incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into newlysynthesized virus particles. (longdom.org)
The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander , has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro . (longdom.org)
The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, and an extract of Nerium oleander have been shown to prevent the incorporation of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 into mature virus particles and inhibit viral infectivity in vitro [ 1 ]. (longdom.org)
Our goal is to reduce the aerosolizability of respiratory secretions while interfering only minimally with normal mucus clearance using agents capable of increasing crosslinking in the mucin glycoprotein network. (biomedcentral.com)
The vaccine is designed to express the glycoprotein of the virus, which can elicit a strong immune response against the virus. (inventiv.org)
The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Subunit, DNA and vectored vaccine candidates have been developed using this glycoprotein as the primary antigen, demonstrating that gD has the capacity to induce robust virus neutralizing antibodies and strong cell-mediated immune responses, as well as protection from clinical symptoms, in target species. (biomedcentral.com)
DIVA vaccines include genetically engineered gene-deleted viruses, for example gE − virus, and subunit or vectored vaccines based on a viral envelope glycoprotein such as gD. (biomedcentral.com)
1987). M glycoprotein As is the case with the N protein, the M glycoprotein of the various coronaviruses also exhibits different Mr values in polyacrylamide gels (see review by Siddell et al. (pdfroom.com)
4: Liu J, Lin J, Cai L, Sun J, Ding X, Wang C, Wu Y, Gao X, Su W, Jiang C. Immunogenicity of Varicella Zoster Virus DNA Vaccines Encoding Glycoprotein E and Immediate Early Protein 63 in Mice. (jlu.edu.cn)

Because they is no cure for viral infections, they can become deadly, especially individuals with depressed immunity. (bio-asli.com)

The polymerization of amino acids into peptides and interactions between peptides are of interest because peptides and proteins participate in complex interaction networks in extant biology. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, a variety of defective RNAs derived from dsRNA1 appear after virion transfection. (elsevierpure.com)
Presence of these sub-viral elements resulted in reduced symptom expression by RnPV6, suggesting their nature as defective-interfering RNAs. (elsevierpure.com)
Enterovirus-Cardiomyocyte Interactions: Impact of Terminally Deleted Genomic RNAs on Viral and Host Functions. (uci.edu)
Furthermore, we found that DI RNAs of different sizes were generated by high-multiplicity passaging of various mutant VSVs, indicating that the viral RdRp may play a significant role in the process of DI particle generation. (nebraska.edu)
After translation of viral RNAs into HBV proteins occurs in the host cytoplasm, viral pgRNA is encapsulated into core particles. (biomedcentral.com)

DARPA says it wants to harness TIPs - tiny virus-like entities with engineered genetic material that encodes defective viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
The dsDNA encodes the early proteins and capsid proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
Among the viral transcripts, preC mRNA encodes precore protein. (biomedcentral.com)

The most effective weapons against viruses are vaccines, but tese are used to prevent disease, not treat it. (bio-asli.com)
Vaccines used dead or weakened viruses that are injected into the body. (bio-asli.com)
Viruses are continually mutating and new strains emerging, so vaccines for most of them aren t available. (bio-asli.com)
The difficulty in developing HCV vaccines is largely due to the broad sequence-diversity displayed by HCV, the frequent occurrence of viral mutations within immunogenic epitopes in vivo, and the lack of proper standard/definition for viral neutralization. (nih.gov)
Virus neutralization test (VNT) is widely used for serological survey of classical swine fever (CSF) and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Virus neutralization test (VNT) is considered as the gold standard for serological monitoring and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Wu M, Zhou E, Sheng R, Fu X, Li J, Jiang C, Su W. Defective Interfering Particles of Influenza Virus and Their Characteristics, Impacts, and Use in Vaccines and Antiviral Strategies: A Systematic Review. (jlu.edu.cn)
Her chief research interest is the development of viral-vectored vaccines that work by inducing strong and protective T and B cell responses. (isv-online.org)

Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Glucose has been reported to increase the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) in rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Polyphosphate-mediated peptide bond formation is central to protein synthesis in modern organisms, but a simpler form of activation likely preceded the emergence of proteins and RNA. (bvsalud.org)
Various mutant P coding sequences were inserted into a full-length cDNA clone of VSV, and the virus recovery, kinetics of growth, and mRNA and protein synthesis were examined. (nebraska.edu)
VSVP227, carrying alanine at position 227, showed reduced kinetics of virus growth but increased kinetics of viral mRNA synthesis in infected cells. (nebraska.edu)
Synthesis of the sgmRNA in coronaviruses requires a discontinuous step guided by a conserved transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) motif, which is located immediately downstream of the leader sequence (TRS-L) and upstream of each structural and accessory protein-encoding gene (TRS-B) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The synthesis of antigen (i.e. tumour antigen) occurs by viral DNA which results in increased DNA metabolism in the infected host cell. (biologydiscussion.com)
Besides the virus inhibiting effect, the increased synthesis of mutant virions under the action of FPV possess a threat of the emergence of novel threatening viral strains with high pathogenicity for humans and animals and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic compound. (crie.ru)
1) Synthesis of new FPV modifications lacking the ability to integrate into the synthesized viral RNA molecule. (crie.ru)

He formalized the posttranscriptional operon and regulon (PTRO) model to describe global gene regulation, and proposed the RNA regulon hypothesis to better understand post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs encoding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of the Sendai virus M gene and protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
By binding to mRNA molecules and labelling them for degradation, miRNAs can suppress gene expression, and hence prevent the production of particular proteins. (balr.co.uk)
It is becoming clear that vectors based upon adeno-associated virus (AAV) are the vectors of choice for certain gene therapy applications such as muscle delivery. (justia.com)
Deletion of the A56R gene results in varying effects on vaccinia virus virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The protein encompassing the predicted MetT-PCP domains of HEV ORF1 was tested for deubiquitinating activity using fluorogenic substrates - ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC), IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-AMC, Nedd8-AMC and SUMO-AMC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Initiation requires a gene product A which is a globular protein. (biologydiscussion.com)
In other words, alleged viral RNA was neither confirmed to be of viral origin, nor was it isolated & purified - but was a mix of millions of gene fragments from unknown origins - and sequencing was performed entirely in silico without confirmation of the presence of a virus. (linode.com)

Molecular cloning and characterization of a Sendai virus internal deletion defective RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hein et al, Cell culture-based production and in vivo characterization of purely clonal defective interfering influenza virus particles. (dpz.eu)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Hands on experience in techniques involving recombinant DNA technology such as preparation of plasmid DNA, transformation of bacteria by plasmid DNA, characterization of plasmids, cloning of DNA fragments into vectors, vaccinia virus, hybridization and electrophoretic procedures. (sprayprotectgo.com)

Before we can understand how to make these therapeutic particles, we need to understand how viral mutation works," said Fabris, an associate professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering . (rutgers.edu)

In his work on molecular genetics, he and his coworkers have examined the role of DNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
These data support future investigations of pathogenesis, convalescence, and sequelae in mouse models of virus tolerance. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenesis of rabies in dogs inoculated with an Ethiopian rabies virus strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The molecular interaction of HBV with the UPS to modulate viral propagation and pathogenesis is summarized in the review. (biomedcentral.com)

Defective viral genomes from chikungunya virus are broad-spectrum antivirals and prevent virus dissemination in mosquitoes. (salehlab.eu)
Dicer-2-Dependent Generation of Viral DNA from Defective Genomes of RNA Viruses Modulates Antiviral Immunity in Insects. (salehlab.eu)
For many purposes it is important to analyze phylogenetically the relationship among different genomes from the same mutant spectrum of a viral quasispecies. (biomedcentral.com)

It was declared this constitutes evidence of a new viral pathogen '2019-nCoV', later to be renamed SARS-CoV-2. (linode.com)
As a highly transmissible pathogen, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health threat and causes variable degrees of liver diseases, including acute and chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They're called TIPs and their task would be to infiltrate and outcompete influenza , HIV , Ebola and other viruses. (rutgers.edu)
Development of lethal models of Ebola virus disease has been achieved by the serial passage of virus isolates from human cases in mice and guinea pigs. (cdc.gov)
In addition to LCMV and Ebola virus we are also investigating MERS coronavirus. (dpz.eu)
Another company, GenVec Inc., is developing an adenovirus vector-based vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease. (inventiv.org)

For the first time in virology, Fabris and her team will use imaging tools with gold nanoparticles to monitor mutations in the influenza virus, with unprecedented sensitivity, when it enters cells. (rutgers.edu)
The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
Das, SC & Pattnaik, AK 2004, ' Phosphorylation of vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein P is indispensable for virus growth ', Journal of virology , vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 6420-6430. (nebraska.edu)

Sendai virus M protein is found in two distinct isoforms defined by monoclonal antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Modulating agents include human E3 ubiquitin ligases, antibodies thereto and variants thereof, as well as related proteins. (justia.com)
Further, in particular embodiments, the chimeric virus has a different immunological profile than one or both of the parent viruses (i.e., is only weakly or not at all recognized by neutralizing antisera or antibodies against the parent virus), thereby allowing for administration to subjects that have antibodies directed against the parent virus or repeat administration following administration of another serotype. (justia.com)
The vaccine is designed to express the spike protein of the virus, which can stimulate the immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies. (inventiv.org)
Another study reported that nonhuman primates with pre-existing immunity to Ad5 were unable, after a single Ad5 immunization, to produce transgene-specific antibodies against HIV proteins. (inventiv.org)

We also provide evidence that virion-associated cholesterol contributes to the interaction between HCV particles and apolipoprotein E. The molecular basis for the effects of different sterols on HCV infectivity is discussed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. (raypeatforum.com)
The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)

RNA viruses like influenza are coated by a protein-studded membrane envelope, Fabris noted. (rutgers.edu)
This antibody was raised against Dengue virus 2 Envelope protein, which may cross react with Envelope protein of Dengue virus 3 but does not recignize with Envelope protein of JEV. (genetex.com)
Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody detects Dengue virus Envelope protein protein at cytoplasm by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
Green: Dengue virus Envelope protein stained by Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody (GTX127277) diluted at 1:1000. (genetex.com)
Non-infected (-) and infected (+) BHK-21 whole cell extracts (5 μg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Dengue virus Envelope protein antibody (GTX127277) diluted at 1:25000. (genetex.com)
EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope and is a member of the gammaherpes virus family (HHV-4). (medscape.com)
Such measurements are limited by the available screening systems, in that, HCV pseudo-typed retroviral particles have a different envelope conformation and contain foreign components that are likely to interfere with the measured HCV entry. (nih.gov)
The 2.4 and 2.1 kb envelope mRNAs encode LS, MS, and S proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

virion consists of dsDNA and protein. (biologydiscussion.com)
Properties of virion proteins IBV MHV FIPV TGEV 45 50 -* 43 409 455 - 382 BCV 49 448 25 26 - 30 26 224 227 - 245 21 24 - 29 76 81 - 88 127 122 - 128 1,2 4 - 1 128 137 159 158 1162 1235~ 1452 1447 1324§ 537 628~ NAIl NA 717§ 625 607~ NA NA 6O6§ 18 - - 16 28 21 35 32 - JHM +/A59 - * Information not available. (pdfroom.com)

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)

The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The recent incursions of African swine fever (ASF), a severe, highly contagious, transboundary viral disease that affects members of the Suidae family, in Europe and China have had a catastrophic impact on trade and pig production, with serious implications for global food security. (mdpi.com)
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine, including wild (feral) and domestic pigs [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The market for methods, compositions, and methods for creating an adenovirus virus vector for multiple vaccinations is rapidly growing. (inventiv.org)
For instance, Vaxart Inc. is developing an oral adenovirus vector-based vaccine for COVID-19 that can provide long-lasting immunity against the virus. (inventiv.org)
Methods to generate immune responses using the adenovirus Vectors are provided that allow multiple vaccinations with one adenovirus virus vector, and vaccinations of individuals with preexisting immunity. (inventiv.org)
Preexisting immunity can interfere with the effectiveness of adenovirus vector vaccinations. (inventiv.org)

It also seeks to determine whether TIPs, through spontaneous mutations, can keep up with new tricks that viruses may develop while evolving. (rutgers.edu)
One goal is to predict whether TIPs will keep up with flu virus mutations. (rutgers.edu)
This study is among the first to show that SARS-CoV-2 can acquire mutations that allow immune evasion and may promote viral spread in populations with a high percentage of convalescent individuals. (dpz.eu)
Single or double mutations in domain I (with the exception of P60/64) or single mutations in domain II had no adverse effect on virus recovery. (nebraska.edu)

Laporte et al, The SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronavirus spike proteins are fine-tuned towards temperature and proteases of the human airways. (dpz.eu)
To comprehensively determine the amounts, species and structures of noncanonical transcripts for bovine coronavirus in HRT-18 cells and mouse hepatitis virus A59, a mouse coronavirus, in mouse L cells and mice, nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed. (biomedcentral.com)
An early study documented that complexity of the coronavirus murine hepatitis virus quasispecies influenced the pathogenic potential of this virus for mice [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Ideally, the TIPs will be introduced into influenza virus populations and compete for protein, so the virus will starve and not be able to reproduce," she said. (rutgers.edu)
As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. (raypeatforum.com)
Therefore, there is a need to develop methods to describe the relationship among components of mutant spectra in viral populations. (biomedcentral.com)

The only real protection against viral infections is our body s own natural defenses. (bio-asli.com)
Finally, we are offering diagnostics for many other viral infections of non-human primates, including a chip-based antibody detection system useful for screening of non-human primate colonies. (dpz.eu)
patients with asthma suffer from a higher frequency of viral infections, which often provoke exacerbations. (balr.co.uk)
Since TLR7 activation normally leads to IFN production, Rupani and Sanchez-Elsner asked whether defective TLR7 may account for IFN deficiency and a susceptibility to viral infections in severe asthma. (balr.co.uk)

Influenza viruses pose a global health threat, particularly to infants and the elderly. (dpz.eu)
Live attenuated influenza viruses produced in a suspension process with avian AGE1.CR.pIX cells. (probiogen.de)
Influenza Viruses 10. (biologydiscussion.com)
We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)

Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. (cdc.gov)
Emerging viruses that are transmitted from animals to humans may cause severe disease. (dpz.eu)
The transmission of herpes B virus from macaques to humans as well as transmission of related viruses among non-human primates can cause serve disease. (dpz.eu)
Subsequently, the mutated viruses were transmitted back to humans. (dpz.eu)
The other important viruses of this group are JC virus (associated with neurological degeneration), BX virus (which suppresses immune system of humans), K virus of mice, etc. (biologydiscussion.com)

During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)

Keene studies the regulation of RNA and the mechanisms of RNA-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Taking advantage of infectivity as virions, RnPV6 was introduced into a model filamentous fungal host, chestnut blight fungus to investigate virus/host interactions. (elsevierpure.com)
Interactions of the Insect-Specific Palm Creek Virus with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Aedes Mosquitoes. (salehlab.eu)
This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and where appropriate, Human herpesvirus gD, as well as its role in viral entry and interactions with host cell receptors. (biomedcentral.com)

But the INTERCEPT program, seeking enhanced anti-viral performance, will support testing of TIP safety and effectiveness in animal models, DARPA says. (rutgers.edu)

We previously developed a virus-like replicon particle (VRP) vaccine that provides complete protection against homologous and heterologous lethal CCHFV challenge in mice after a single dose. (cdc.gov)
This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease. (cdc.gov)
Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
Production of a Viral-Vectored Vaccine Candidate Against Tuberculosis. (probiogen.de)
In view of its role in the induction of protective immunity, gD has been tested in new vaccine development strategies against both viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Yang P, Chen Z, Zhang J, Li W, Zhu C, Qiu P, Quan Y, Cui X, Yuan L, Jiang C. Evaluation of Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity by interferon-γ Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in adults ≥50 years of age administered a herpes zoster vaccine. (jlu.edu.cn)

MetT-PCP carried out deISGylation of the ISG15-conjugated cellular proteins, suggesting a possible role in combating cellular antiviral pathways. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Much has been learned regarding nuclear entry, but the cellular proteins involved are still unknown and the exact role of each viral component remains controversial [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)

Intramembrane structural differentiation in Sendai virus maturation. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
The graph below demonstrates the antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)

10: Yang X, Wan M, Cai L, Hou A, Sun B, Zhou Y, Gao F, Su W, Jiang C. Interferon Inhibition Enhances the Pilot-Scale Production of Rabies Virus in Human Diploid MRC-5 Cells. (jlu.edu.cn)

However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). (longdom.org)
Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Most phylogenetic relationships among RNA viruses have been established using the consensus (or population) genomic sequences that represent a weighted average of multiple, closely related sequences present at each time point, in each virus sample obtained for analysis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

By quantifying TLR7 mRNA and protein in isolated alveolar macrophages, Rupani and Sanchez-Elsner found that macrophages from patients with severe asthma expressed significantly less TLR7 than macrophages taken from healthy individuals. (balr.co.uk)

Innovative Toolbox for the Quantification of Drosophila C Virus, Drosophila A Virus, and Nora Virus. (salehlab.eu)

TIPs, like viruses, can enter cells, but they don't replicate unless the cells are also infected with the virus. (rutgers.edu)
In preliminary studies funded by DARPA, TIPs in cells grown in culture dishes slashed viral counts by nearly 20-fold. (rutgers.edu)
In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
We are investigating how emerging viruses interact with host cells and cause disease. (dpz.eu)
Sample: BHK-21 cells mock (left) and infected with Dengue virus (right) FFPE Cell Pellet Block. (genetex.com)
Samples: BHK-21 cells mock (left) and infected with Dengue virus 2 (right) were fixed in MeOH. (genetex.com)
Cloning, expression and biological activity of a new variant of human interferon alpha identified in virus induced lymphoblastoid cells. (nih.gov)
More interestingly, this particular virus exhibited a significantly reduced cytopathic effects and apoptosis in infected cells, implying that P may be involved in these processes. (nebraska.edu)
One particular receptor, TLR7, whose impaired function in asthmatic immune cells made it a principle focus of this study, specialises in identifying single-stranded RNA viruses such as rhinovirus, which is responsible for more than 60% of viral-induced exacerbations in adults with asthma. (balr.co.uk)
In particular embodiments, the chimeric viruses of the invention have enhanced transduction capability (e.g., transduction of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, glial cells, astrocytes, liver, retina and/or lung, etc.), enhanced levels of transgene expression and/or earlier onset of transgene expression. (justia.com)
The chimeric virus can also have a reduced transduction capability with respect to one or more cells or tissues (e.g., liver), which can be desirable in terms of targeting the vector to the target tissue of interest and reducing dosage of vector to be administered. (justia.com)
High cell density cultivations by alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion for influenza A virus production using suspension cells. (probiogen.de)
lt;p>It is well known that viruses are obligate parasites entirely dependent on their host cells. (crie.ru)
This is due to the host immune response, which eliminates the virus vector and transduces cells in immune-competent patients. (inventiv.org)
2006. Accelerated degradation of FADD and procaspase 8 in cells expressing human papilloma virus 16 E6 impairs TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. (virosin.org)
Then, mature viral particles containing HBV DNA are enveloped and released from host cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Among the many mechanisms employed by healthy airways to maintain this level of protection, toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pattern-recognition receptor, are expressed and recognise specific types of viruses, and then alert the innate immune system to their presence. (balr.co.uk)

B) membranes are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins. (easynotecards.com)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)

Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)

Purification of modified vaccinia virus Ankara from suspension cell culture. (probiogen.de)
Boosting Upstream, Downstream Processing: To Expedite Biomanufacturing, Deploy a New Genotype of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. (probiogen.de)
The vaccinia virus A56 protein was one of the earliest-described poxvirus proteins with an identifiable activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, cytokines, antigens, stress inducing agents, UV light and viral proteins initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to NF-κB release and activation. (justia.com)

Papovaviruses are one of the four important dsDNA viruses (e.g. papovaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses) which produce tumour in many animals. (biologydiscussion.com)
Important prototypes of this family comprise human herpesviruses, such as Human herpesvirus (HHV)-1 and -2 (known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2), and animal herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)

The Sendai virus nucleocapsid exists in at least four different helical states. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Innate immune pathways act synergistically to constrain RNA virus evolution in Drosophila melanogaster. (salehlab.eu)
The Interplay Between Viruses and RNAi Pathways in Insects. (salehlab.eu)

The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell 75:495, 1993), and a series of unique E6-AP homologous proteins have been identified (Huibregtse et al. (justia.com)

Further, the study shows that the spike-protein is robustly expressed at the temperature in human airways. (dpz.eu)

Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
D) membranes consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. (easynotecards.com)

The study of RNA-binding proteins such as HuR and the determination of the binding of specific sequences have informed Keene's later post-transcription theory and his coordination theory of RNA operons. (wikipedia.org)
Lv1 and Ref1 block incoming particles before reverse-transcription whereas Fv1 and Fv2 act at a stage between reverse-transcription and integration. (biomedcentral.com)

decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. (cdc.gov)

Phylogenetic and PAQ analysis provide adequate procedures to describe the evolution of viral sequences subjected to lethal mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms56

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Replication30

Infection30

Genome14

Polymerase6

Nucleic acids and proteins1

Infectious11

Negative-strand RNA viruses3

Genes5

Glycoprotein10

Depressed immunity1

Peptides1

RNAs5

Encodes3

Vaccines8

Synthesis9

Gene9

Characterization4

Therapeutic particles1

Pathogenesis4

Genomes3

Pathogen2

Ebola4

Virology3

Antibodies5

Molecular3

Envelope8

Virion2

Substrates1

Protease1

Highly contagious2

Adenovirus4

Mutations4

Coronavirus3

Populations3

Infections4

Influenza viruses4

Humans5

Cytoplasm1

Interactions4

Anti-viral1

Vaccine6

Cellular proteins3

Structural1

Antibody3

Rabies virus1

Infectivity2

Genomic1

MRNA and protein1

Quantification1

Cells16

Mechanisms1

Phospholipid2

H5N11

Vaccinia virus3

Antigens1

Herpes2

Nucleocapsid1

Pathways2

Retroviral1

Homologous1

Spike1

Molecules2

Transcription2

Secretions1

Sequences1