Protein cytosol. Medical search. Frequent questions

The rapid, fortuitous spread of introns following the origin of mitochondria is adduced as the selective pressure that forged nucleus-cytosol compartmentalization. (nature.com)
The compartmentalization of PAPS (the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) synthesis (mainly in plastids), PAPS consumption (in the cytosol), and PAP (the stress signaling molecule 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) degradation (in plastids and mitochondria) requires organellar transport systems for both PAPS and PAP. (nih.gov)
PAP levels were specifically elevated in the cytosol of papst2 and fiery1 papst2 , but not in papst1 or fry1 papst1 PAPST1 failed to complement the papst2 mutant phenotype in mitochondria, because it likely removes PAPS from the cell, as demonstrated by the increased expression of phytosulfokine genes. (nih.gov)
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria. (rcsb.org)
The mitochondria have their own chaperones and proteolytic enzymes that remove damaged or unfolded proteins [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
One of these PTMs, Nε-lysine acetylation, was thought to occur only in the mitochondria, cytosol and nucleus, but this paradigm was challenged in the past decade with the discovery of lysine acetylation in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (biologists.com)
The ABCB7 protein is located in the inner membrane of cell structures called mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
In the mitochondria of developing red blood cells (erythroblasts), the ABCB7 protein plays a critical role in the production of heme. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers suspect that the ABCB7 protein transports Fe-S clusters from mitochondria, where they are formed, to the surrounding cellular fluid (cytosol), where they can be incorporated into proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
They can occur when MITOCHONDRIA become damaged due to cell stress and release CYTOCHROME C. Cytosolic cytochrome C associates with APOPTOTIC PROTEASE-ACTIVATING FACTOR 1 to form the apoptosomal protein complex. (bvsalud.org)

PoStoSP06, PoStoSP13, and PoStoSP28 were localized in the nucleus and cytosol. (bvsalud.org)

either the cytoplasmic membrane or the cytosol. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2D is a dual A-kinase anchoring protein expressed in rat ovarian granulosa cells. (nature.com)
Feliciello, A., Rubin, C. S., Avvedimento, E. V. & Gottesman, M. E. Expression of a kinase anchor protein 121 is regulated by hormones in thyroid and testicular germ cells. (nature.com)
PKA: a portrait of protein kinase dynamics. (nature.com)
Egan, J. J., Greenberg, A. S., Chang, M. K. & Londos, C. Control of endogenous phosphorylation of the major cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate in adipocytes by insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. (nature.com)
This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. (nih.gov)
Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
This latter effect was due to protein kinase C activation in that it was inhibited by sphingosine and was not seen with 4 alpha-PMA, an inactive analogue. (jci.org)
In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key component of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor signaling complex that regulates both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling. (mdpi.com)
We tested the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) participates in stimulus-secretion coupling. (jneurosci.org)
The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
This gene encodes one of the three members of the human AKT serine-threonine protein kinase family which are often referred to as protein kinase B alpha, beta, and gamma. (senescence.info)
These highly similar AKT proteins all have an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, a serine/threonine-specific kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. (senescence.info)
These proteins are phosphorylated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (senescence.info)
AKT/PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. (senescence.info)
PKC, protein kinase C. (aspetjournals.org)
Regulation of protein kinase B in rat adipocytes by insulin, vanadate, and peroxovanadate. (lu.se)
Protein kinase B (PKB) (also referred to as RAC/Akt kinase) has been shown to be controlled by various growth factors, including insulin, using cell lines and transfected cells. (lu.se)
article{0fcf3a70-8196-471a-9734-a40f17e71bcc, abstract = {{Protein kinase B (PKB) (also referred to as RAC/Akt kinase) has been shown to be controlled by various growth factors, including insulin, using cell lines and transfected cells. (lu.se)
Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)

In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. (wikipedia.org)
4) Protein translocation across membranes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
The most commonly stained cell components are cell membranes, proteins, and nucleotides. (dojindo.com)
These compounds are neutral molecules that pass through cell membranes and covalently conjugate with cell proteins. (dojindo.com)
The effect of organophosphorus compounds on in-vitro phosphorylation of brain and spinal cord synaptosomal cytosol and membranes was studied in the chicken. (cdc.gov)
ABC transporter proteins carry many types of molecules across membranes in cells. (medlineplus.gov)

The proportion of cell volume that is cytosol varies: for example while this compartment forms the bulk of cell structure in bacteria, in plant cells the main compartment is the large central vacuole. (wikipedia.org)
once we know what compartment a protein is in, it is easier to narrow down what it might be doing. (elifesciences.org)

These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. (senescence.info)
A plant's genome encodes enzymes, transporters and many other proteins which constitute metabolism. (bvsalud.org)

Therapeutic proteins and enzymes are a group of interesting candidates for the treatment of numerous diseases, but they often require a carrier to avoid degradation and rapid clearance in vivo. (unipi.it)
Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (joplink.net)
The proteostasis network (PN) is an assembly of distinct dynamic molecular pathways that control the functionality of the proteome (proteome homeodynamics) during protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation. (hindawi.com)
As shown in Figure 1 , in the absence of oxidative stress, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) keeps Nrf2 sequestered in the cytosol, where it mediates proteasomal degradation of Nrf2 [ 25 - 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
Under nonstressed conditions, Keap1 keeps Nrf2 sequestered in the cytosol, where it mediates proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. (hindawi.com)

GET4 is a novel driver gene in colorectal cancer that regulates the localization of BAG6, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. (genetex.com)
Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. (genetex.com)
Subsequent phosphorylation of both threonine residue 308 and serine residue 473 is required for full activation of the AKT1 protein encoded by this gene. (senescence.info)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The ABCB7 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. (medlineplus.gov)
Human ABC7 transporter: gene structure and mutation causing X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia with disruption of cytosolic iron-sulfur protein maturation. (medlineplus.gov)

Subcellular localization critically influences protein function, and cells control protein localization to regulate biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
We initially used maps statically to generate a database with localization and absolute copy number information for over 8700 proteins from HeLa cells, approaching comprehensive coverage. (elifesciences.org)
Protein function is critically determined by subcellular localization, as organelles offer different chemical environments and interaction partners. (elifesciences.org)
In order to regulate protein activity, many biological processes involve changes in protein subcellular localization. (elifesciences.org)

However, biological structures form in highly dense and heterogeneous molecular environments, such as the cytosol and extracellular matrix. (europa.eu)
For example, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and −9, have been shown to be typical NF-κB target proteins that are responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown and cell invasion ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Mitochondrial remnant organelles of Giardia function in iron-sulphur protein maturation. (nature.com)

These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together and take part in metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
The impaired function of specific organelles indicates that the causative genes encode protein complexes that regulate vesicle trafficking in the endolysosomal system including AP-3, BLOC-1, BLOC-2, and BLOC-3. (medscape.com)
Multimeric protein complexes formed in the CYTOSOL that play a role in the activation of APOPTOSIS. (bvsalud.org)

ABSTRACT In order to define the protein expressional changes related to the process of meglumine antimoniate resistance in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we performed a comparative proteomics analysis on sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian CL patients. (who.int)

This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of the protein building block (amino acid) lysine in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
it replaces the amino acid glutamine with the amino acid glycine at position 399 in the antiquitin protein (written as Glu399Gln or E399Q). (medlineplus.gov)
Since it has an amine-reactive succinimidyl group, fluorescein derived from CFSE can covalently bond to proteins or other amino groups in the cell or on the cell membrane. (dojindo.com)
Each of these mutations changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the ABCB7 protein, slightly altering its structure. (medlineplus.gov)

This is the most abundant protein in the yeast S. cerevisiae under stress -- not only heat, but different kinds of stress -- and we found that it does not protect other proteins from unfolding or aggregation as other HSPs do. (mytum.de)
They found that it exists both in solution, in the yeast cell's aqueous cytosol, and in association with the cell's outer wall, the plasma membrane. (mytum.de)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding. (wikipedia.org)
The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to collisions with the large numbers of macromolecules in the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)

Dragun, Zrinka (2009) Protein and metal concentrations in two fractions of hepatic cytosol of the European chub (Squalius cephalus L.) . Chemosphere , 75 (7). (irb.hr)
Liver was selected as a target organ and the metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cd) were determined in two fractions of hepatic cytosol, namely in untreated (S50) and heat-treated (HT S50) fraction. (irb.hr)
In addition, the concentrations of total cytosolic proteins were measured in untreated (S50) fractions, whereas the concentrations of specific metal-binding proteins, i.e. metallothioneins, were determined in the heat-treated fractions. (irb.hr)
In both fractions of hepatic cytosol, nonessential metal Cd showed statistically significant increase from the upstream sites (median 5 ng ml-1) toward the downstream site Jasenovac (median 11 ng ml-1). (irb.hr)
This peptide was found to detect activated PKB selectively in crude cytosol and partially purified cytosol fractions from insulin-stimulated adipocytes. (lu.se)

Origin of nucleus-cytosol compartmentalization in the wake of mitochondrial origin. (nature.com)
The Tom20 protein, residing on the mitochondrial surface, recognizes the N-terminal presequences of precursor proteins. (rcsb.org)

Due to the possibility of confusion between the use of the word "cytosol" to refer to both extracts of cells and the soluble part of the cytoplasm in intact cells, the phrase "aqueous cytoplasm" has been used to describe the liquid contents of the cytoplasm of living cells. (wikipedia.org)
The cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules (such as proteins). (wikipedia.org)
Chromogranins are the main soluble proteins in the large dense core secretory vesicles (LDCVs) found in aminergic neurons and chromaffin cells. (nih.gov)
Tests for antibodies to liver-kidney microsome type 1 (anti-LKM-1), soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA), and liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) may be helpful if antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test results are negative. (medscape.com)

The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. (wikipedia.org)
This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. (joplink.net)
AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
HPS1 is the most common subtype and involves the BLOC-3 protein complex. (medscape.com)
Similar to HPS1, HPS4 involves the BLOC-3 protein complex. (medscape.com)
No complex found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)

The term cytosol is now used to refer to the liquid phase of the cytoplasm in an intact cell. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the cytosol is water, which makes up about 70% of the total volume of a typical cell. (wikipedia.org)
As a first step on our way to establish a well-defined model cytosol with a complete experimental description of the effective interactions and the resulting solution structure and thermodynamic stability, we need to identify individual proteins that differ in size and charge and are suitable components for our generic cell cytosol. (lu.se)
The BRCA2 R3052W mutated protein exacerbates genome instability, is unable to rescue homology-directed repair, and fails to complement cell survival following exposure to PARP inhibitors and crosslinking drugs. (frontiersin.org)
the most important are pro- cell membrane and cytosol (7). (cdc.gov)
In this study, we found that RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the RIPK1 autophosphorylation and subsequent cell death. (mdpi.com)
In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
Within the cell, antiquitin is found in the internal fluid of the cell (cytosol) and in the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
These systems are also designed to be intermediate steps towards much more challenging future career objectives, namely cell-like bioreactors with the ability of protein production, self-maintenance or, even, self-replication. (europa.eu)
Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
This protein interacts with heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and plays a role in cell migration and proliferation. (avivasysbio.com)
AKT proteins are recruited to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) after phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by PI3K. (senescence.info)
Combining spatial and abundance information yielded an unprecedented quantitative view of HeLa cell anatomy and organellar composition, at the protein level. (elifesciences.org)
Dynamic Organellar Maps enable the proteome-wide analysis of physiological protein movements, without requiring any reagents specific to the investigated process, and will thus be widely applicable in cell biology. (elifesciences.org)
Proteins are the tools and machines of the cell, and each organelle has its own set of proteins that it requires to work correctly. (elifesciences.org)
Each cell contains ten or more organelles, and several thousand different types of proteins. (elifesciences.org)
The location of many proteins in a cell is unclear or simply not known. (elifesciences.org)
set out to develop a method that reveals the locations of all the proteins in a cell at any given time. (elifesciences.org)
The resulting technique maps the location of most of the proteins in a human cancer cell line and, in addition, determines how many copies of each protein there are. (elifesciences.org)
Unfolded within the cell's aqueous cytosol, Hsp12 folds into helical structures to stabilize the cell membrane. (mytum.de)
Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)

Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase signalling specificity 1 . (nature.com)

Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. (wikipedia.org)
The term "cytosol" was first introduced in 1965 by H. A. Lardy, and initially referred to the liquid that was produced by breaking cells apart and pelleting all the insoluble components by ultracentrifugation. (wikipedia.org)
The knowledge of interactions between proteins in crowded mixtures, as they exist in the interior of living cells, is essential since they ultimately determine their stability, phase behavior, solution structure and dynamics. (lu.se)
However, PLGA NPs are taken up by cells via endocytosis and are typically trafficked into lysosomes, while many therapeutic proteins and enzymes should reach the cellular cytosol to perform their activity. (unipi.it)
Only anti-EspA is found in LEE proteins is triggered by close contact with host cells. (cdc.gov)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
[ 6 ] Cells deficient in the HPS5 protein maintain early-stage melanosome formation and Pmel-17 trafficking. (medscape.com)
Despite clear evidence that Hsp12 -- a so-called heat shock or stress protein -- helps cells survive life-threatening conditions, how it works was an open question until now. (mytum.de)
This is a new concept for protecting cells against stress," says Johannes Buchner, professor of chemistry at the Technische Universität München (TUM) and a member of the Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science. (mytum.de)
Overall, researchers believe that the ABCB7 protein helps maintain an appropriate balance of iron (iron homeostasis) in developing red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. (wikipedia.org)
The majority of these non-protein molecules have a molecular mass of less than 300 Da. (wikipedia.org)

Although water is vital for life, the structure of this water in the cytosol is not well understood, mostly because methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy only give information on the average structure of water, and cannot measure local variations at the microscopic scale. (wikipedia.org)

Accessory potassium channel protein which modulates the activity of the pore-forming alpha subunit. (ucsc.edu)

We investigate the solution structure of calbindin D 9k using SAXS and quantify the protein-protein interactions through second virial coefficients as a function of the calcium binding state (holo and apo) and the screening conditions, both experimentally and via Monte Carlo computer simulations. (lu.se)
These results confirmed and extended the dynamic, multiple bound state model of the Tom20-presequence interactions and also demonstrated the validity of the molecular tethering and stiffening techniques in studies of transient protein-peptide interactions. (rcsb.org)

In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others take place within organelles. (wikipedia.org)

This process is governed by the ER acetylation machinery: the cytosol:ER-lumen acetyl-CoA transporter AT-1 (also known as SLC33A1), and the ER-resident lysine acetyltransferases ATase1 and ATase2 (also known as NAT8B and NAT8, respectively). (biologists.com)

Peptides possess the biocompatibility and chemical diversity found in proteins, being particularly interesting for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine. (europa.eu)

The study shows the usefulness of proteomics in identifying proteins that may express differences between sensitive and resistant L. tropica isolates. (who.int)

Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
Proteins isolated from Leghorn-hen and male Sprague-Dawley-rat differed in molecular weight and calcium-2+ (Ca2+) and calmodulin phosphorylation dependency. (cdc.gov)
Phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins of molecular weight 70 and 55 kilodaltons (kD) and membrane protein of 20kD increased by 149%, 196% and 146%, respectively, after treatment. (cdc.gov)

We demonstrated that our system can deliver protein payloads at cytoplasm level by two different mechanisms: Endosomal escape and direct translocation. (unipi.it)
We have developed and applied Dynamic Organellar Maps, a proteomic method that allows global mapping of protein translocation events. (elifesciences.org)
During translocation from the cytosol the signal peptide is removed from the protein by endogenous proteases. (sigmaaldrich.com)

These data demonstrate that although chromogranins regulate the amine concentration in LDCVs, they are not completely essential, and other proteins unrelated to neurosecretion, such as fibrinogen, might compensate for their loss to ensure that vesicles are generated and the secretory pathway conserved. (nih.gov)
This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
This plasmid contains an Outer Membrane Protein T (OmpT) secretory signal peptide (SP) to allow proteins to be exported from the cytosol. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles. (wikipedia.org)

LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation is catalyzed by human liver cytosol, and SULT2A1 followed the substrate inhibition model with comparable apparent K m values (≤1 µ M). Each of the SERMs inhibited LCA, GLCA, and TLCA sulfonation with varying potency and mode of enzyme inhibition. (aspetjournals.org)

We measured this using an improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB). (nature.com)
Possible role of endogenous protein phosphorylation in organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

Protein phosphatases act as negative regulators of AKT proteins by dephosphorylating AKT or PIP3. (senescence.info)

Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by strains of Escherichia coli to kill non-producing strains of the same organims presumably as a method of competitive inhibition. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Bacteriocins are protein antibiotics produced by strains of bacteria that are active against related bacteria. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
Our preliminary study using 2D isolates were recovered from liq- new cases throughout the world cu- gel electrophoresis in drug sensitive/ uid nitrogen, and sub-cultured in taneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains resistant strains of L. tropica showed RPMI1640 medium (Gibco/BRL) a serious public health problem in that some proteins were differentially supplemented with 10% fetal bovine numerous countries [1,2]. (who.int)

NDRs are functionally important in proteins throughout the three kingdoms of life as well as being implicated in cancer, amyloid diseases and bacterial pathogenesis. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Yet an exhaustive investigation led by Munich-based researchers has revealed that Hsp12 is structurally and functionally different from every other stress protein that has been studied before. (mytum.de)

Structural evidence that colicin A protein binds to a novel binding site of TolA protein in Escherichia coli periplasm Journal of Biological Chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
HUS complicates brane protein (9,10) and triggers the host cytoskeletal approximately 5% to 8% of infections caused by E. coli events that lead to attaching/effacing lesion formation. (cdc.gov)
This plasmid is designed to express tagged proteins in E. coli. (sigmaaldrich.com)

This revealed which proteins had changed location, identifying these proteins as important for the cell's response to the growth factor. (elifesciences.org)

In addition, NF-κB serves as a key regulator for EMT-associated proteins such as Snail and Slug ( 8 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

WB analysis of human ASS1 (AA: 40-236) recombinant protein using GTX60552 ASS1 antibody [2C10]. (genetex.com)
The researchers did find that the DNA sequences of other fungi code for proteins that could be considered Hsp12 "family members," and they identified one protein in human neurons that may have similar features. (mytum.de)

Anatomy28

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes26

Information Science3

Mitochondria10

Nucleus and cytosol1

Cytoplasmic1

Kinase24

Membranes7

Compartment2

Metabolism2

Degradation5

Gene8

Localization4

Extracellular matrix2

Maturation1

Complexes3

Abstract1

Amino4

Yeast3

Macromolecules2

Fractions5

Mitochondrial2

Soluble4

Complex6

Cell22

Kinases1

Cells11

Molecules2

Nuclear1

Subunit1

Interactions2

Eukaryotes1

Lumen1

Peptides1

Proteomics1

Molecular weight3

Translocation3

Secretory3

Organelles1

Enzyme1

Endogenous2

Phosphatases1

Strains4

Functionally2

Coli3

Cell's1

Regulator1

Human2