Protein cyclins. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family or CDK, Cyclin, and CKIs, serine/threonine kinases play an integral role in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are principal drivers of cell division and are an important therapeutic target to inhibit aberrant proliferation. (escholarship.org)
Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
The discovery of a novel class of inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) is described. (rcsb.org)
Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (novusbio.com)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
This gene encodes a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle through interactions with several cyclin-dependent kinases. (nih.gov)
Cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases, or CDK. (jove.com)
Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)
A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (umassmed.edu)
Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases. (umassmed.edu)
Dr. Pryciak studies how protein kinases regulate cell signaling and the cell cycle. (umassmed.edu)
Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. (bvsalud.org)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins work by inactivating the CDKs by degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Human cells contain many different cyclins binding to different CDKs. (wikipedia.org)
CDKs and cyclins appear and activate at specific cell cycle phases. (wikipedia.org)
Further research has demonstrates that Cdks, cyclins and CKIs play essential roles in processes such as transcription, epigenetic regulation, metabolism, stem cell self-renewal, neuronal functions and spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
Thus, levels of the four different cyclins vary in predictable patterns and combine with consistent CDKs at specific points to achieve forward momentum. (jove.com)

Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
another is mutation of T286 in cyclin D1 (CCND1) causing the loss of phosphorylation of T286 is involved in nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1 in esophageal cancer [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, p100 suppressed the expression of PHLPP2 (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases 2), thus promoting CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 and subsequently leading to miR-302d transcription. (oncotarget.com)
Here DARPP-32 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), DARPP-32 into a powerful protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor. (pp1a.com)
DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
Repetto MV, Winters MJ, Bush A, Reiter W, Hollenstein DM, Ammerer G, Pryciak PM, Colman-Lerner A. CDK and MAPK Synergistically Regulate Signaling Dynamics via a Shared Multi-site Phosphorylation Region on the Scaffold Protein Ste5. (umassmed.edu)
Bhaduri S, Valk E, Winters MJ, Gruessner B, Loog M, Pryciak PM. A docking interface in the cyclin Cln2 promotes multi-site phosphorylation of substrates and timely cell-cycle entry. (umassmed.edu)

The more aggressive basal-like subtype of breast cancers, however, exhibited lower levels of cyclin D1 and Dicer, which would in turn globally reduce the level of mature miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
The only exception, in the latter group, was patients with tumours expressing high levels of cyclin D1, who did as well as the high p27 group. (ox.ac.uk)
Exposure of cells to cadmium , as well as the specific silencing of eIF4E gene, also resulted in decreased cellular levels of cyclin D1, a critical cell cycle and growth regulating gene, suggesting that the observed inhibition of cyclin D1 gene expression in the cadmium -treated cells is most likely due to decreased cellular level of eIF4E. (cdc.gov)

Spy1 lacks the cyclin-binding site that mediates p27 and substrate affinity, explaining why Cdk-Spy1 is poorly inhibited by p27 and lacks specificity for substrates with cyclin-docking sites. (escholarship.org)
A cyclin subtype that has specificity for CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
Miller, M. E. & Cross, F. R. Cyclin specificity: how many wheels do you need on a unicycle? (nature.com)
A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
F-box protein specificity for g1 cyclins is dictated by subcellular localization. (umassmed.edu)

Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
methylation at certain residues of histones can regulate gene expression [ 4 ], and glycosylation is responsible for targeting substrates and changing protein half-life [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Role in cancer: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) mutants are frequent in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through cyclin interactions, posttranslational modifications, and binding of inhibitors such as the p27 tumor suppressor protein. (escholarship.org)
Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazines as selective cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. (expasy.org)
In addition, exposure of cells to cadmium resulted in enhanced ubiquitination of eIF4E protein while inhibitors of proteasome activity reversed the cadmium -induced decrease of eIF4E protein. (cdc.gov)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (novusbio.com)
Dr. Pestell and colleagues developed transgenic mice that could induce cyclin D1 expression in the breast and examined cells with cyclin D1 gene deleted. (sciencedaily.com)
Because the cyclin D1 gene has been implicated in a variety of other human cancers these findings may have broad implications for processing of non coding RNA in human tumorigenesis. (sciencedaily.com)
This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. (genetex.com)
One study (PMID: 16177568) reported aberrant splicing of transcripts from this gene which results in removal of the cyclin binding domain only in human cancer cells, and reduction in gene expression was shown in colorectal cancers (PMID: 17982127).Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
Either at genomic or at proteomic level, mutations have significant impact on normal gene or protein function, and human diseases could be associated with mutations like nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) on amino acids. (hindawi.com)
Yet how gene mutations affect protein activities through posttranslational modification sites have not been widely studied. (hindawi.com)
There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
This study found an increase in excess GR transcriptional activity of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1α) in HEK-293 cells and a decrease in the expression levels of GR-responsive gene knockdown following PP1α model A549 cells endogenously . (pp1a.com)
This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Gene expression" refers to the process by which a DNA sequence (i.e. a gene) is used to make a specific RNA or protein, while "epigenetics" refers to the ways phenotypes are impacted by factors other than genetic sequence (e.g. gene repression by chromatin packing). (umassmed.edu)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein which inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cycle progression is stopped by Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein at the G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins are essential in the regulation of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins use ATP as a phosphate contributor to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues. (wikipedia.org)
Seven cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
These cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein emerges only in their specific cell cycle phase. (wikipedia.org)
The discovery of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins in 1990 opened the door in how we think about cell cycle control. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein, helps control CDK activity in G1. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), was further down-regulated under exposure to lovastatin in condition of BRCA1 overexpression, but the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), was further up-regulated, both in vitro and in vivo detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. (nih.gov)
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and interaction with other cell cycle-associated proteins in mammary carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)

Then, the inhibitory activity of lovastatin on cancer cells and tumoral xenografts, and the underlying mechanism involving in cell-cycle regulatory proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
17. These regulatory proteins stimulate the growth and division of cells. (classtools.net)

The work supports the idea that cancer-causing proteins like cyclin D1 may drive cancer progression in part via miRNA biogenesis. (sciencedaily.com)
We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
Knockdown of p100 in cultured human bladder cancer cells promoted anchorage-independent growth accompanied with elevating abundance of cell-cycle-related proteins and accelerated cell-cycle progression. (oncotarget.com)

Our results suggest that BRCA1 overexpression sensitizes cancer cells to lovastatin via regulation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p21WAF1/CIP1 pathway, which will provide an innovative experimental framework to study control of breast cancer cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
Further, the results of miR-4755-5p mimic transfection confirmed that under the action of NaF, miR-4755-5p overexpression reduced Cyclin D1 protein expression within osteoblasts and further inhibited cell proliferation and activation. (fluoridealert.org)

It moves into the cytoplasm and eventually activates a specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). (wikipedia.org)
A cells cycle is positively regulated promoting progress through the stages via the interaction of two classes of proteins found in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)

Quality control test: Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (novusbio.com)
CCNH (AAH05280, 1 a.a. ~ 110 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. (novusbio.com)
Antibody reactivity against cell lysate and recombinant protein for WB. (novusbio.com)
Full length human recombinant protein of human CCNB1IP1 (NP_878269) produced in E.coli. (origene.com)

Cdk5 is named after its structural similarity to members of the serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase family. (frontiersin.org)

Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. (novusbio.com)

Double staining of primate cells with anti-cyclin B and anti-MAP4 antibodies demonstrated these two antigens were colocalized on microtubules and copartitioned following two treatments that altered MAP4 distribution. (rupress.org)
Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)

We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)

Humans have evolved elaborate mechanisms to activate p53 in response to insults that lead to cancer, including the binding and inhibition of Hdm2 by the 60S ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL5 and RPL11. (nih.gov)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)

1992, 1993) that the p34cdc2/cyclin B complex associates with microtubules in the mitotic spindle and premeiotic aster in starfish oocytes, and that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) might be responsible for this interaction. (rupress.org)
Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)

This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. (novusbio.com)
Here we show that this interaction occurs only in proliferating cells where the two proteins co-associate with 5'-cap-binding protein complexes, eIF4F or the plant specific eIFiso4F. (aber.ac.uk)

Cao L, Faha B, Dembski M, Tsai LH, Harlow E, Dyson N. Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. (bdbiosciences.com)
p27, cyclin D1, and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein have been demonstrated using immunohistochemistry in 189 cases of primary breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up. (ox.ac.uk)

These proteins are present in eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. (jove.com)

Mechanistically, p100 inhibited Cyclin D1 protein translation by activating the transcription of LARP7 and its hosted miR-302d, which could directly bind to 3′-UTR of cyclin d1 mRNA and inhibited its protein translation. (oncotarget.com)
The expression of Cyclin D1 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. (fluoridealert.org)
In the fluoride-exposed population, the results showed that with the increase in UF content, the expression of miR-4755-5p decreased gradually, while the mRNA transcription and protein expression of Cyclin D1 increased gradually. (fluoridealert.org)
Further studies revealed the absence of alterations in the eIF4E mRNA level in the cadmium -treated cells despite their decreased eIF4E protein level. (cdc.gov)

Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)

Using antisense RNA, Dr. Pestell's group was the first to show that cyclin D1 drives mammary tumor growth in vivo. (sciencedaily.com)
In Cyclin A2-depleted normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells expressing RasV12, we found that beta-catenin was liberated from the cell membrane and cell-cell junctions and underwent nuclear translocation and activation. (cnrs.fr)

About 24% of these proteins were phosphorylated more efficiently by Clb5-Cdk1 than Clb2-Cdk1. (nature.com)
Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
Cyclin A is involved in both S-phase and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle through its association with cdk2 and cdk1, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
Previously, we found that eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4A interacts with cyclin dependent kinase A (CDKA), the plant ortholog of mammalian CDK1. (aber.ac.uk)

Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
Inhibitor-1, the first identified endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1), was previously reported to be a substrate for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) at Ser 67 . (elsevierpure.com)
Pope PA, Bhaduri S, Pryciak PM. Regulation of cyclin-substrate docking by a G1 arrest signaling pathway and the Cdk inhibitor Far1. (umassmed.edu)

Subsequently, in human osteoblasts treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), the results also showed that NaF caused low expression of miR-4755-5p and increased expression of Cyclin D1 . (fluoridealert.org)

Although the diverse tumor-promoting roles of NFκB in cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, are well established [ 3 - 9 ], much less is known about how p100, a precursor protein of NFκB2, acts as a tumor suppressor in many mammalian cells [ 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Cyclin H Antibody (1B8) [H00000902-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CCNH on HeLa cell. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Cyclin H Antibody (1B8) [H00000902-M01] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CCNH on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human testis. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: Cyclin H Antibody (1B8) [H00000902-M01] - CCNH monoclonal antibody (M01), clone 1B8 Analysis of CCNH expression in HeLa. (novusbio.com)
Sandwich ELISA: Cyclin H Antibody (1B8) [H00000902-M01] - Detection limit for recombinant GST tagged CCNH is approximately 1ng/ml as a capture antibody. (novusbio.com)
ATCC CCL-243) were probed with the mouse anti-human cyclin A antibody at concentration of 2.0 µg/mL (lane 1), 1.0 µg/mL (lane 2), and 0.5 µg/mL (lane 3). (bdbiosciences.com)
Both methods yield antibody in solution that is free of most other soluble proteins, lipids, etc. (bdbiosciences.com)
WB analysis of HeLa cell lysate using GTX33611 Cyclin D1 antibody [RM241]. (genetex.com)
IHC-P analysis of human tonsil tissue using GTX33611 Cyclin D1 antibody [RM241]. (genetex.com)
There are currently no references for Cyclin D1 antibody [RM241] (GTX33611) . (genetex.com)

Each Cyclin/CDK complex are specific to the part of the cell cycle phase. (wikipedia.org)
Each CDK and cyclin can be identified based on the location of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
However, if CKI's mutations don't stop the cell, the Cyclin D is transcribed. (wikipedia.org)
The active cyclin/CDK complex then phosphorylates proteins, activates them, and sends the cell into the next phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Spy1/RINGO (Spy1) proteins bind and activate Cdk but are resistant to canonical regulatory mechanisms that establish cell-cycle checkpoints. (escholarship.org)
A protein that helps push a replicating cell through the cell cycle also mediates the processing and generation of mature microRNA, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition to its role in regulating the cell cycle, cyclin D1 induces Dicer and thereby promotes the maturation of miRNA," says lead researcher Richard Pestell, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University and Chair of the Department of Cancer Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (genetex.com)
As loss of RPL5/RPL11 abrogates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis to the same extent as loss of other essential 60S RPs, we reasoned the loss of RPL5 and RPL11 would induce a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
Further, we reveal that cell routine protein and apoptotic markers, aswell as essential NF-B regulatory substances, are modulated by treatment with LOE, thus shedding light on the mechanism of actions behind the anticancer ramifications of LOE. (unambitiousus.com)
When this complex forms the CDK can phosphorylate a target protein which alters it's function and initiates the cell to advance to the next phase. (jove.com)
For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)
15. These proteins are involved in regulating the timing of the cell cycle. (classtools.net)
Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
MCM2 (also called CDCL1, mitotin and BM28), is a human nuclear protein that is crucial in the cell cycle, being involved in the onset of DNA replication and cell division. (thermofisher.com)
Exposure of human cell lines, HCT15, PLC/PR/5, HeLa, and Chang, to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death, and this was associated with a significant decrease in eIF4E protein levels. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exposure of cells to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death due to enhanced ubiquitination and consequent proteolysis of eIF4E protein, which in turn diminished cellular levels of critical genes such as cyclin D1. (cdc.gov)

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in a variety of protein activities and cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
More than 200 different types of protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been detected. (hindawi.com)

In prior work, they showed that cyclin D1 regulates the non coding genome, and that the non-coding genome, in turn, regulates expression of cyclin D1. (sciencedaily.com)
They found that patients with the luminal A subtype of breast cancer had increased levels of expression of both cyclin D1 and Dicer. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, we are, for the first time, to report that p100 protein expression was dramatically decreased in bladder cancers of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-treated mice and human patients. (oncotarget.com)
When the combined expression of p27 and cyclin D1 was related to survival, patients with high levels of p27, regardless of their cyclin D1 status, did well, whilst those with low p27 had a poor outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
The expression of Cyclin D1 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively. (fluoridealert.org)
The relative miR-4755-5p expression showed a negative correlation with Cyclin D1 expression. (fluoridealert.org)
The results demonstrate that fluoride exposure induced the downregulation of miR-4755-5p and downregulated miR-4755-5p promoted fluoride-induced osteoblast activation by increasing Cyclin D1 protein expression. (fluoridealert.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

MCM2 (Mini chromosome maintenance protein 2) is involved in regulating DNA replication. (thermofisher.com)

The HPV E7 peptide contains the LxCxE motif, shared by other Rb-binding viral and cellular proteins. (nih.gov)
PTMs are involved in many protein activities and cellular processes, such as protein folding, stability, conformation, and some significant regulatory mechanisms [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)

We investigated protein levels of the signaling pathway: p35, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, Munc18a, syntaxin 1A and 1B, Munc18-interacting protein 1 and Munc18-interacting protein 2 in Alzheimer's disease cortex and found that this pathway was up-regulated in the Alzheimer's disease parietal and occipital cortex. (eur.nl)
Components of the canonical wingless (WNT) pathway, including WNT8b, WNT10a, WNT10b, frizzled 1 and 2 and TCF4 were upregulated at the messenger RNA and protein levels following Cyclin A2 depletion. (cnrs.fr)

It promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. It also acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. (nih.gov)

The typical inactivation mechanism of the CDK/ Cyclin complex is based on binding a CDK inhibitor to the CDK cyclin complex and a partial conformational rotation of the CDK. (wikipedia.org)
The structure of CDK2-CyclinA and p27 is determined by crystallography, demonstrating that the inhibitor of p27 stretches at the top of the Cyclin-CDK complex. (wikipedia.org)
Dephosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Thr 35 is equivalent to inactivation of the protein, as inhibitor-1 only serves as an inhibitor of PP-1 when phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) at Thr 35 . (elsevierpure.com)

They must bind to a specific cyclin to be activated. (jove.com)

The proteins Munc18a, Munc18-interacting protein 1 and Munc18-interacting protein 2 mediate exocytosis and decrease β-amyloid peptide formation. (eur.nl)
In the cortex of transgenic Tg2576 mice over-expressing human β-amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation known to lead to familial Alzheimer's disease, which have substantial levels of β-amyloid peptide but lack neurofibrillary tangles and neuron loss, no alterations of protein levels were detected. (eur.nl)

Tissue culture supernatant is purified by either protein A/G or affinity purification methods. (bdbiosciences.com)

Downregulation of miR-4755-5p promotes fluoride-induced osteoblast activation via tageting Cyclin D1. (fluoridealert.org)

The Massi lab uses their expertise in NMR Spectroscopy to understand the dynamics of protein-RNA interactions. (umassmed.edu)

Cyclins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone Gla protein (BGP) content were detected by micronutrient enzymes standard method and ELISA. (fluoridealert.org)
E is then degraded by cytoplasmic enzymes and cyclin A concentrations increase throughout the S phase and remain high into G2 to promote entry into the M phase when in an active complex. (jove.com)

A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators. (umassmed.edu)

Based on a previous study, the aim of this study is to explore the role of miRNA in osteoblast activation of skeletal fluorosis via targeting of Cyclin D1 . (fluoridealert.org)

Cyclin B interaction with microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) targets p34cdc2 kinase to microtubules and is a potential regulator of M-phase microtubule dynamics. (rupress.org)
Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)

Dopamine and cyclic-AMP activated Mr32kDa phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) is a central signaling proteins in neurotransmission. (pp1a.com)

We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
These results indicate that limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies before secondary necrosis, leading to acute and localized release of immunomodulatory proteins during the early phase of active apoptotic membrane blebbing. (nature.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Kinases16

CDKs7

Phosphorylation7

Levels of cyclin3

Specificity5

Substrates3

Inhibitors4

Gene14

Dependent kinase inhibitor11

Regulatory proteins2

Progression3

Overexpression2

Cytoplasm2

Recombinant protein4

Serine1

Different cyclins1

Antibodies2

Amino acids1

Inhibition2

Mitotic3

Complexes2

Retinoblastoma2

Eukaryotes1

MRNA4

Subunits1

Mammary2

Cdk14

Substrate3

Osteoblasts1

Proliferation2

Antibody9

Cell19

Posttranslational modifications2

Expression8

Replication1

Cellular3

Pathway2

Genes1

Inhibitor3

Bind1

Peptide2

Tissue culture supernatant1

Promotes1

Interactions1

MeSH1

Enzymes2

Transcriptional1

Osteoblast1

Interaction2

Neurotransmission1

Apoptotic3