Protein complexes sterol carrier protein 2 peptides and proteins carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Some polypeptide hormones, antimicrobial peptides, and neurotoxins accumulate at the membrane surface prior to locating and interacting with their cell surface receptor targets, which may themselves be peripheral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
I have been intrigued by the activity of antimicrobial peptides for a long time, due to my interest in biological membranes. (rsc.org)
Antimicrobial peptides have long been hailed as a solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis, because they target the bacterial membrane and can cause quick bactericidal activity in bacterial cells. (rsc.org)
Most antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic compounds that function by binding to the negatively charged lipids of bacterial membranes, followed by membrane disruption. (rsc.org)
While binding to the lipid headgroup is detrimental for anion transport, I hypothesized that binding to the headgroup can provide membrane selectivity (e.g., bacterial membranes over human membranes) and can induce membrane perturbations similar to those observed for antimicrobial peptides. (rsc.org)

It also may involve the formation or dissociation of protein quaternary structures or oligomeric complexes, and specific binding of ions, ligands, or regulatory lipids. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins may be anchored to the bilayer as a result of hydrophobic interactions between the bilayer and exposed nonpolar residues at the surface of a protein, by specific non-covalent binding interactions with regulatory lipids , or through their attachment to covalently bound lipid anchors. (wikipedia.org)
or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
The surfactant layer can be composed of various biomembrane lipids, such as phospholipids , cholesterol, bile salts, or sterols . (bocsci.com)
In the mRNA vaccine, negatively charged mRNA and positively charged ionizable/cationic lipids are combined through electrostatic interactions, and then assembled through hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals interactions between lipid components to form mRNA-LNP complex. (bocsci.com)
Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)

Exposure to 367.0 µg/L BPAF showed an increasing trend in the transcript levels of lipid synthesis and transport-related genes such as fatty acid synthase (fasn), sterol regulatory element binding protein (srebf), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat), solute carrier family 27 member 4 (slc27a4), fatty acid-binding protein (fabp), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparÎ³) in the liver. (bvsalud.org)
Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)

Measuring muscle protein synthesis in humans and the influence of nutritional state. (tamu.edu)
During her M.S., she focused on the development of fluorescent amino acids and peptide synthesis. (rsc.org)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are one of the important technologies in lipid carrier drug delivery systems and have become an important development in nucleic acid-based therapeutic drugs. (bocsci.com)
Our PEG lipid nanoparticles can encapsulate various types of drugs, including small molecules, peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. (bocsci.com)

This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Compared with viral vectors, non-viral vectors (such as protamine complexes, cationic liposomes and lipid-, polymer- or lipid/polymer-based nanoparticles, etc.) exhibit better flexibility and safety. (bocsci.com)
11. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a cell penetrating segment which is one of the following cationic PTDs: TAT peptide, heptaarginine, octaarginine, nonaarginine, decaarginine, or a peptide of sequence LRRRRLRRRRL or LRRRRL-bAla-LRRRRL. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)

metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)
The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)
Biofilm is a complex matrix made up of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria against physical, chemical, and biological stresses and allow them to survive in harsh environments. (researchgate.net)
The type 6 protein secretion system (T6SS) is prevalently utilized by Gram-negative bacteria to compete for resources and space. (preprints.org)

DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
In the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPG) results, the transcription levels of estrogen receptor α (erα), estrogen receptor ß (erß), androgen receptor (arα), gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 (gnrh2), cytochrome P450 19b (cyp19b), aromatase (cyp19a), and luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) in the brain and ovary, and vitellogenin (vtg) and choriogenin (chg) in the liver of 367.0 µg/L BPAF group showed a downward trend. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we report that MHC I and MHC II were internalized by separate endocytic carriers that lacked transferrin receptor. (silverchair.com)
Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)

These blocks are synthesized with two different pathways: the pyruvate-derived plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and the acetyl-CoA-derived cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

MHC I presents peptides to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, whereas MHC II displays peptides or larger antigen fragments to T-lymphocytes with helper or regulator function ( Jensen, 2007 ). (silverchair.com)

In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
MHC proteins play a pivotal role in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. (silverchair.com)

Moving outwards away from the hydrophobic core region and into the interfacial hydrophilic region, the effective concentration of water rapidly changes across this boundary layer, from nearly zero to a concentration of around 2 M. The phosphate groups within phospholipid bilayers are fully hydrated or saturated with water and are situated around 5 Å outside the boundary of the hydrophobic core region. (wikipedia.org)
Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic protein PdxA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
The calcium complexes are formed with bicarbonate, phosphate, and acetate. (abdominalkey.com)

The oxysterol-binding protein superfamily: new concepts and old proteins. (tamu.edu)

Fatty liver is associated with reduced SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation. (tamu.edu)
subunit alpha of MPP mitochondrial signal peptidase heterodimer","protein_coding" "Zm00001e017599_P001","No alias","Zea mays","Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)

The MBL collagen regions form complexes with the serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 in order to activate complement, and mutations lead to common immunodeficiencies. (bvsalud.org)

Crystal structure of activated Rubisco from G. partita complexed with the reaction intermediate analogue, 2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (2-CABP) has been determined at 2.4-A resolution. (lookformedical.com)

Membrane binding may also promote rearrangement, dissociation, or conformational changes within many protein structural domains, resulting in an activation of their biological activity. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins are usually described as peripheral as one of their conformational states is water-soluble or only loosely associated with a membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The best-fit benchmark peptides (POG)n were more linear but exhibited a degree of conformational flexibility. (bvsalud.org)

This research includes comparative studies of the behavior of liposomes and nanostructured lipid-carriers in a series of well-structured in vitro tests that could assess their interactions with the hCMEC / D3 and SH - SY5Y cell lines as an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal function, respectively. (mdpi.com)

Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. (wikipedia.org)
These proteins attach to integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
The regulatory protein subunits of many ion channels and transmembrane receptors, for example, may be defined as peripheral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to integral membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins tend to collect in the water-soluble component, or fraction, of all the proteins extracted during a protein purification procedure. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins with GPI anchors are an exception to this rule and can have purification properties similar to those of integral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the positioning of many proteins are localized to either the inner or outer surfaces or leaflets of their resident membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral membrane proteins may interact with other proteins or directly with the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
These may include the folding of regions of protein structure that were previously unfolded or a re-arrangement in the folding or a refolding of the membrane-associated part of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
A 210 kDa protein is located in a membrane-microtubule linker at the distal end of mature and nascent basal bodies. (lookformedical.com)
The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)
The protein was part of the Y-shaped fibrous linkers between the doublet microtubules and the flagellar membrane, as indicated by statistical analysis of post-labeled sections using anti-centrin and anti-tubulin as controls. (lookformedical.com)
protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Determinations are best made on freshly separated serum, because heparin creates complexes with calcium, and the presence of fibrin may interfere with the structural integrity of the porous membrane used in the procedure. (abdominalkey.com)
Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. (silverchair.com)

Terpene derivatives such as sterol work as an important component in cell membranes by stabilizing the interaction with phospholipids [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment. (hindawi.com)

The reversible attachment of proteins to biological membranes has shown to regulate cell signaling and many other important cellular events, through a variety of mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
The resulting complex can down-regulate protein production by several mechanisms, including inhibition of mRNA translation into protein and/or by enhancement of RNase H degradation of the mRNA transcripts. (justia.com)

Conserved residues that modulate protein trans-splicing of Npu DnaE split intein. (tamu.edu)
3. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease, this segment is a peptide able to bind to NS3pro and contact at least one residue comprised in the region Gly21-Lys28 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from DV2 or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Flavivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
5. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease contact at least one residue comprised in the region Glu32-Thr38 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from HCV or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Hepacivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Subsequent enzymatic reactions catalyzed by sterol 12 α -hydroxylase (CYP8B1) and sterol 27-hyroxylase (CYP27A1), respectively, yield the primary BAs, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). (aspetjournals.org)

Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
Approximately 40% of total calcium is bound to serum proteins, and 80% to 90% of this calcium is bound to albumin. (abdominalkey.com)
Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Marked changes in serum sodium concentration also affect the protein binding of calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
An increase in serum pH of 0.l unit may cause a decrease in ionized calcium of 0.16 mg/dL ( 1 , 2 ). (abdominalkey.com)
The amount of complexed calcium is measured indirectly by subtracting the ionized calcium (47%) from the ultrafiltrable calcium (60%) and thus equals about 13% of total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)

Typical amphitropic proteins must interact strongly with the lipid bilayer in order to perform their biological functions. (wikipedia.org)
Despite numerous studies conducted on these carriers, their safety and efficacy still cannot be guaranteed, taking into consideration all aspects from their physical-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties to all the biological characteristics of living organisms. (mdpi.com)

In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)

Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

6. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Asp50-Glu62 of the NS2B protein from DV2 or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS2B from other Flavivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
8. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Thr20-Leu31 of the NS4A protein from HCV or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS4A from other Hepacivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

To evaluate their structure-function properties, we studied the solution structures of four MBL-like collagen peptides. (bvsalud.org)
The remaining three peptides showed mostly linear solution structures. (bvsalud.org)

2). In aerobic organisms that produce energy mainly through Some kinetoplastids that parasitize insects obtain heme from their oxidative phosphorylation, most of the synthesized heme is used bacterial endosymbionts, which can be eliminated by antibiotic for the formation of the cytochromes functioning in the electron treatment, turning these protists into heme auxotrophs (17). (medicinelakex1.com)

Encyclopedia of Cancer Vol. X. pp 64-81 Academic Press Inc.). Others have attempted to improve stability using 2′-5′ sugar linkages (see U.S. Pat. (justia.com)

The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)

Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Cell division protein FtsL [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
In the cell, the contents of the vector particles are released and translated into therapeutic proteins. (bocsci.com)
The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. (easyomics.org)
The bend in MBL GQG peptides resembles the bend in the collagen of complement C1q and may be key for lectin pathway activation. (bvsalud.org)

Proteins found in any species of algae. (lookformedical.com)

Some proteins, such as G-proteins and certain protein kinases, interact with transmembrane proteins and the lipid bilayer simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, however, evidence has emerged on numerous T6SS effectors that interact with related immunity proteins in a range of eukaryotic hosts. (preprints.org)

Some water-soluble proteins associate with lipid bilayers irreversibly and can form transmembrane alpha-helical or beta-barrel channels. (wikipedia.org)

This facilitates the assembly of multi-protein complexes by increasing the probability of any appropriate protein-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication. (tamu.edu)

The association of a protein with a lipid bilayer may involve significant changes within tertiary structure of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
Solution structure of the core SMN-Gemin2 complex. (tamu.edu)

All four MBL peptides were bent to varying degrees up to 85o in the best-fit molecular dynamics models. (bvsalud.org)

10. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned virus from the Flaviviridae family is a Hepacivirus and specifically HCV. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs143

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care3

Antimicrobial peptides5

Lipids8

Fasn2

Synthesis2

Nucleic2

Compounds1

Cationic2

Amino acids1

Bacteria4

Receptor7

Pathways1

Antigen1

Pivotal role2

Phosphate3

Superfamily1

Mitochondrial2

Serine1

Rubisco1

Conformational3

Liposomes1

Membrane18

Phospholipids1

Enzymes2

Regulate3

Residues3

Subsequent1

Serum8

Biological2

Cellular1

Immune responses1

Sequence2

Structures2

Electron1

Stability1

Outer1

Cell5

Pathway3

Species1

Interact2

Associate1

Interactions2

Structural1

Structure2

Molecular1

Family1