• Non (protein)-coding RNAs are the most abundant transcriptional products of the coding genome, and comprise several different classes of molecules with unique lengths, conformations and targets. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this mini-review is to discuss emerging epigenetic roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, a growing body of evidence suggests that recruitment, stability, and function of epigenetic factors can be mediated by non-protein-coding RNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • In particular, there are incremental examples of the participation of the distinct class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML epigenetic regulation, some of which have translational potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • The protein can bind specifically to Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) 1 and 2. (ucsc.edu)
  • X59357 - Human mRNA for Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBERs)associated protein (EAP). (ucsc.edu)
  • The complete mitogenome of B. intermedius is 16,001 bp in length, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and a control region (CR). (bvsalud.org)
  • The human genome contains about 20,000 protein-coding genes and about 5,000 genes that specify functional RNAs. (blogspot.com)
  • Some of these genes are the genes for ribosomal RNA, tRNAs, the RNAs involved in splicing, and many other types of RNA. (blogspot.com)
  • We developed a novel technique to profile polysomal fractions (Poly-Ribo-Seq): RNAs bound by multiple ribosomes (and thus actively translated) are purified and the exact position of the translating ribosomes determined by ribosomal profiling. (cabd.es)
  • B) Thousands of 'dwarf' smORFs appear in polycistronic arrangements in 80% of putative non-coding RNAs and in 60% of 5'UTRs of standard mRNAs (also called uORFs). (cabd.es)
  • Isolation and characterization of alternative messenger RNAs coding class I HLA genes. (cnr.it)
  • Emerging evidences suggest that long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play roles in development and stress responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that most of the genome are transcribed, among the transcripts only a small portion encode for proteins, whereas a large portion of the transcripts do not encode any proteins, which are generally termed non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 30S ribosomal subunit protein S14 [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Plant mitochondrial genomes contain genes for their own rRNA subunits as well as for some of the ribosomal proteins and tRNAs required for translation (Figure 1 ), but many necessary ribosomal protein and tRNA genes are located in the nuclear genome, so their gene products must be imported into the mitochondrion [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complete mt genome is 14,373 bp in size and comprises 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. (nature.com)
  • This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
  • KJ892031 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01425 RPL22 gene, encodes complete protein. (ucsc.edu)
  • This gene encodes one member of a family of translation repressor proteins. (assaygenie.com)
  • The HSP70 gene family encodes the major heat shock protein of molecular weight 70,000. (blogspot.com)
  • Hemotin encodes an 88aa peptide that we have shown to be translated by proteomics and Poly-Ribo-Seq, and identified it as homologous to stannin, a human and vertebrate protein with alpha-helix regions and uncertain function but involved in neurotoxicity. (cabd.es)
  • In the X-linked recessive form, the gene defect lies in the DKC1 gene (located at Xq28), which encodes for the protein dyskenin. (medscape.com)
  • Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. (assaygenie.com)
  • Some of them are the protein-coding genes for RNA polymerase subunits, ribosomal proteins, enzymes of lipid metabolism, and many other enzymes. (blogspot.com)
  • Binding of human ribosomal protein S16 with the 18S rRNA fragment 1203-1236/1521-1698]. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, genes encoding 18S and, especially, 5S rRNA exhibit exceptional sequence divergence relative to other plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Divergence in one region of 18S rRNA appears to be the result of a gene conversion event, in which recombination with a homologous gene of chloroplast origin led to the complete replacement of a helix in this ribosomal RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metagenomic sequencing showed that more than 85% of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes , indicating that the family Ruminococcaceae (46.5%), Rikenellaceae (11.3%), Lachnospiraceae (10.0%), and Bacteroidaceae (6.3%) were dominant gut microbes. (animbiosci.org)
  • Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
  • An evolutionary history reconstructed for the family Camelidae based on cytb sequences suggested that the split of bactrian camel and dromedary 156897-06-2 IC50 may have occurred in North America before the tribe Camelini migrated from North America to Asia. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been proven useful for studying evolutionary relationships among animal species, due to its conservativeness in protein-coding sequences, high substitution rate in its non-coding sequences, and lack of genetic recombination [5,6]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The Illumina sequences were assembled, predicted to genes and functionally annotated, and then classified by querying protein sequences of the genes against the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. (animbiosci.org)
  • Coding sequences were predicted from this data set (17,372 sequences), revealing an extremely high AT-bias (at the third codon position). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We sequenced the complete mt genome of W. compar and conducted phylogenetic analyses using concatenated coding sequences of 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. (nature.com)
  • This not been done thoroughly at a genomic scale in any metazoan species, and we are using Poly-Ribo-Seq, our improvement of Ribosomal profiling that allows genome-wide identification of translated sequences, and proteomics. (cabd.es)
  • Translation may be a secondary consequence of a non-coding function (for example, in the regulation of translation of other sequences) and give raise to non-functional peptides. (cabd.es)
  • We assembled the sequences from deep RNA sequencing experiments by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, to create a new catalog of human genes and transcripts, called CHESS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 10,042 genomes were identified from the IMG-ABC website (Version 4.560) using "Homo sapiens" as the host name, and 246,188 human-related BGCs and 2,640,191 protein sequences were extracted from these genomes [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial gene loss and functional transfer to the nucleus is an ongoing process in many lineages of plants, resulting in substantial variation across species in mitochondrial gene content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genome has also experienced a major reduction in tRNA gene content, including loss of functional tRNAs of both native and chloroplast origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) "native" tRNAs encoded in the mitochondrial genome and inherited from the α-proteobacterial progenitor of mitochondria, 2) chloroplast-like tRNAs, which are also encoded in the mitochondrial genome but which were acquired by functional gene transfer from the chloroplast genome during land plant evolution, and 3) nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA or small nuclear RNA genes, the product is a functional RNA. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Gene functional classification showed that most of enzyme-coding genes were related to cellulose digestion and amino acids metabolic pathways. (animbiosci.org)
  • We are one of the few groups worldwide that can apply functional genomics to the study of smORFs, due to our expertise in functional genetic analysis, bioinformatics, and ribosomal profiling. (cabd.es)
  • In vivo dissection of Otx1 and Otx2 roles in brain development by using reciprocal knock-in mouse models: definition of extended functional equivalence between OTX1 and OTX2 proteins and the relevance of the Otx1 and Otx2 differential transcriptional control. (cnr.it)
  • Role of Otx1 and Otx2 in brain evolution: functional equivalence between the invertebrate Orthodenticle and the murine OTX1 and OTX2 gene products supports a conserved genetic program of brain development between insects and mammals. (cnr.it)
  • The chloroplast infA gene with a functional UUG initiation codon. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ribosomal protein L20 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Ribosomal protein S7 domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • BC058887 - Homo sapiens ribosomal protein L22, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:64893 IMAGE:6141451), complete cds. (ucsc.edu)
  • Gene expression also relies on extensive C-to-U (and sometimes U-to-C) RNA editing, in which substitution of specific pyrimidines in the mRNA sequence restores phylogenetically conserved codons [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This protein is phosphorylated in response to various signals including UV irradiation and insulin signaling, resulting in its dissociation from eIF4E and activation of mRNA translation. (assaygenie.com)
  • The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
  • The local emm 93.0 sequence type 10 clone contained a novel genomic island harboring the resistance genes lsa(E) , lnu(B), and ant (6)-Ia aph(3′)-III . (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetic regulation refers to the multiple chemical modifications of DNA or DNA-associated proteins that alter chromatin structure and DNA accessibility in a heritable manner, without changing DNA sequence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous molecular studies, mainly focusing on the sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, have made significant contributions to understanding the evolutionary history of Camelidae [2], and yet there has not been any significant comparative studies around the evolutionary relationship between Camelini and Lamini. (thetechnoant.info)
  • In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a member of this family, Silene latifolia . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Theoretical models and sequence data have been both explored to precise how and when gene duplicates can persist over time, and how they can provide a mechanism of adaptation to environmental changes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The simplest approach is to encode residues by sequence length (each length receiving a different code) or coding them as identical or different without measuring the degree of identity or difference [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A phylogenetic analysis of 19 sibling taxa in the Vertigo gouldii group was conducted on 73 individuals sampled across North America using DNA sequence data of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), and the internal transcribed spacer-2 of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (ITS-2) gene. (researchgate.net)
  • Sequence alignments suggested that the chloroplast infA gene encoding initiation factor 1 in the green alga Chlorella vulgaris has TTG as a putative initiation codon. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transformation of the diploid oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans with antisense, sense, and promoter-less constructs of the coding sequence of the elicitin gene inf1 resulted in transcriptional silencing of both the transgenes and the endogenous gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)
  • Information regarding gene content, polycistronic transcription units, sequence insertion or deletion, transition or transversion, and nucleotide repeats may help resolve evolutionary relationships in the kingdom Plantae (Viridiplantae) 6 , 7 , 8 . (plos.org)
  • Using DNA extracted from bacteria in the dental plaque of mother/child pairs, a sequence of the S. mutans spaP gene was amplified using PCR. (bvsalud.org)
  • large subunit ribosomal protein L7/L12;Ribosomal protein. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • T . equi has lost the putative genes for host cell transformation, or the genes were acquired by T . parva and T . annulata after divergence from T . equi . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Click gene/probe ID to show a list of genes that are homologous to the gene. (or.jp)
  • The three define an ancient gene family and their peptides are structurally and functionally homologous. (cabd.es)
  • A higher percentage of children with caries had, in their dental plaque, S. mutans harboring the spaP+ gene (p=0.03). (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the annoying things about all three papers is that they use the words "gene" and "protein-coding gene" as synonyms. (blogspot.com)
  • Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene. (ucsc.edu)
  • Orthologous to human MRPS25 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25). (zfin.org)
  • Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Application of MaxBin to metagenomes obtained from microbial consortia adapted to grow on cellulose allowed genomic analysis of new, uncultivated, cellulolytic bacterial populations, including an abundant myxobacterial population distantly related to Sorangium cellulosum that possessed a much smaller genome (5 MB versus 13 to 14 MB) but has a more extensive set of genes for biomass deconstruction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the PI3 kinase pathway. (assaygenie.com)
  • For example, the Drosophila melanogaster genome contains only twice as many genes as some bacterial species, although the former is far more complex in its genome organization than the latter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: To detect the presence and transmission of S. mutans carrier of the spaP gene in samples of bacterial plaque in mother/child pairs from municipal child education centers, and the possible association with dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background The family Camelidae has two Old World (tribe Camelina) species, bactrian camel ( Camelus bactrianus ) and dromedary 156897-06-2 IC50 ( C. dromedaries ), and four New World (tribe Lamini) species, guanaco ( Lama guanico e), llama ( L. glama ), alpaca ( L. pacos ) and vicuna ( L. vicugna or Vicugna vicugna ) at present time [1,2]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The gene arrangement of B. intermedius is almost identical to that of the same sergestoid species, Acetes chinensis Hansen, 1919, except that there is no additional trnS1. (bvsalud.org)
  • The discovery of many new hynobiid species has greatly enriched our understanding of diversification in the family. (pensoft.net)
  • We would like to know how many of those genes are essential for the survival of an individual and for long-term survival of the species. (blogspot.com)
  • As a first step into acquiring a comprehensive understanding of a striking case of polyphenism in an insect species, the grapevine phylloxera ( Daktulosphaira vitifoliae ), we have used a transcriptome sequencing approach as a way of gene expression profiling among some of its different phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, post-translational modifications can also contribute to the increased complexity and diversity of protein species [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of algae. (lookformedical.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)
  • Efforts to identify cancer-causing mutations usually focus on mutations that involve known genes, ignoring mutations that occur in other regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, these fusions actually involve a ribosomal protein L22 pseudogene located at 3q26, and this gene actually maps to 1p36.3-p36.2. (ucsc.edu)
  • The obvious next step is to integrate this information and learn how genes, proteins, and/or epigenetic factors influence the phenotype of a disease in context of the system. (rsc.org)
  • Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • Western blotting confirmed the expression of DRAM2, p53, and the other involved proteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • DRAM2 overexpression also increased proteins CDK4, CyclinD3, and decreased p27 expression, all of which are cell cycle-related factors. (cancerindex.org)
  • The 4E-BP1 (Phospho-Thr36) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect 4E-BP1 protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. (assaygenie.com)
  • For information on therapeutic regulation of gene expression, see therapeutic gene modulation.Regulation of gene expression includes the processes that cells and viruses use to regulate the way that the information in genes is turned into gene products. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Comparisons with true aphids (for which complete genomes have been sequenced) should also allow to link differences in life-traits of the two groups with changes in gene repertoires or shifts in patterns of expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also identified a gene family with a very high expression level (copies totaling nearly 10 % of the reads) in the grapevine phylloxera (both in root and leaf galling forms), but usually expressed at very low levels in true aphids (except in sexual oviparous females). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also used these data to identity gene families and get first insights on the interaction between phylogenetic aspects, in particular in gene families, and expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies on the developmental onset of the teleost circadian clock have been carried out in zebrafish and, recently, in rainbow trout and Senegalese sole, where rhythms of clock gene expression entrained by light-dark (LD) cycles have been reported from the first days post fertilization. (researchgate.net)
  • Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
  • Molecular mechanism controlling the expression of the HOX Complex gene family in human teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1). (cnr.it)
  • Isolation of the murine homologs of the otd and ems homeobox containing genes and analysis of their expression during brain development. (cnr.it)
  • Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
  • Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
  • In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)
  • In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)
  • Many software packages that analyze RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments, which measure gene expression, rely on a database of known genes and cannot measure genes or splice variants unless they are included in the database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cp genomes of land plants usually contain approximately 110-120 genes, which mostly participate in photosynthesis or gene expression 4 , 5 . (plos.org)
  • A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • This review focuses on recent progress in reconstruction of trypanosome phylogeny based on molecular data from ribosomal RNA, the miniexon and protein-coding genes. (scielosp.org)
  • Molecular and structural organization of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) of ribosomal DNA of D. melanogaster. (cnr.it)
  • It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The size of gene repertoires of each organism results from of a balance between gene duplication and gene loss, a dynamic process that could be a significant source of evolutionary novelty and adaptation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is prenylated at its C-terminus, and localizes to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. (cancerindex.org)
  • Even assuming expanded wobble-pairing rules, the mitochondrial genome can support translation of only 17 of the 61 sense codons, which code for only 9 of the 20 amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dyskenin is composed of 514 amino acids and has a role in ribosomal RNA processing and telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)
  • All chloroplast genes reported so far possess ATG start codons and sometimes GTGs as an exception. (lookformedical.com)
  • Though most chloroplast genes are believed to have been transferred to the nucleus during evolution, their genomes have maintained fairly conserved structures and gene contents throughout their evolutionary lineage 1 . (plos.org)
  • These findings suggest a markedly expanded role for nuclear gene products in the translation of mitochondrial genes in S. latifolia and raise the possibility of altered selective constraints operating on the mitochondrial translational apparatus in this lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antimycins are produced by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly complex which acts as an assembly line for antimycin production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most microbial BGCs that have been identified so far contain genes encoding core biosynthetic enzymes such as polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). (hindawi.com)
  • For example, translation of mitochondrially-encoded genes requires a mix of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded components. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two types of estrogen receptor exist: ER, which is a member of the nuclear hormone family of intracellular receptors, and the estrogen G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 , which is a G protein-coupled. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The ability to knock out human genes using CRISPR technology has opened to door to testing for essential genes in tissue culture cells. (blogspot.com)
  • Scientists have been attempting to estimate the number of human genes for more than 50 years, dating back to 1964 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One striking feature of most early attempts to catalog all human genes was their lack of precision. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) attempt to link genetic variants to nearby genes, relying on standard catalogs of human genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes also contain numerous introns, some of which have been split such that the resulting gene fragments must be transcribed separately and then trans- spliced together [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, according to Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), hundreds of genes are associated with syndromic hearing loss. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
  • The focus of this article is Tumor Suppressor Genes. (assaygenie.com)
  • Whole exome sequencing (WES), involves sequencing of coding exons comprising approximately 2% of the whole human genome, which are estimated to contain approximately 85% of pathogenic variants associated with monogenic disease [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (nih.gov)
  • They won't detect any of the genes required for spermatogenesis or embryonic development. (blogspot.com)
  • What they should detect is all of the genes required in core metabolism. (blogspot.com)
  • We have successfully improved ribosomal profiling to detect, genome-wide, productive smORF translation. (cabd.es)
  • all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. (medscape.com)