• In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is needed for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Icariin can inhibit the proliferation and colony forming ability of medulloblastoma cells, induce cell arrest in synthesis phase by inhibiting the expression of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • TYRO3 or AXL gene knockdown reduced cell proliferation/colony formation. (nature.com)
  • We also aimed to evaluate the expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers such as cyclin D1 and Ki-67. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors do not only stimulate cell proliferation, but they may also act as growth inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulatory pathway that is involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been reported that TGF-β influence different cell functions, including growth, proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cdc37 Expression in Multiple Myeloma and Its Role in Cell Proliferation]. (nih.gov)
  • Markedly enlarged anagen HFs of TG mice show increased proliferation in the matrix and an increased number of hair cortex and medulla cells compared with WT HFs. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Similar to TG mice, p27(Kip1) knockout mice also show an increased size of anagen HFs associated with increased cell proliferation in the hair bulb. (brad.ac.uk)
  • These data suggest that BMP signaling plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and controls the size of anagen HFs by modulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes in hair matrix KC. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Surprisingly, in the light of previous studies with other cells, the PP2A-dependent proliferation could be dissociated from activation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in macrophages because OA did not affect either the basal or CSF-1-induced ERK activity in BMM. (edu.au)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • or physiological or as a description of key events and processes starting toxic effects that affect cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Aspects of cell proliferation in oral epithelial dysplastic lesions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • The last model integrates then all the genes of the cell and takes into account their interactions in the productions of different proteins through a common sharing of RNA-polymerases and ribosomes, available in limited quantities. (hal.science)
  • Further, we constructed protein interaction networks of the genes identified by the feature selection method and gene ontology analysis elucidated the role of the proteins in the progression of the parasite through its life cycle. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates size of hair follicles and modulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Here, we induced knockout (KO) mutations in erlotinib-resistant human lung cancer cells (NCI-H820) using a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA library to screen for genes involved in erlotinib susceptibility. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Gene set analyses showed a significant depletion of 'cell cycle process' and 'protein ubiquitination pathway' genes among erlotinib-treated cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Chemical inhibitors targeting genes in these two pathways, such as nutlin-3 and carfilzomib, increased cancer cell death when combined with erlotinib in both in vitro cell line and in vivo patient-derived xenograft experiments. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This protein forms a tetrameric complex with the alpha subunit, and stimulates transcription of target genes. (nih.gov)
  • Through its role in chromatin remodeling, the ASXL1 protein regulates the expression of many genes, including a group of genes known as HOX genes, which play important roles in development before birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ASXL1 protein can turn on (activate) or turn off (repress) HOX genes depending on when they are needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These ASXL1 gene mutations are described as "loss-of-function" because they reduce the amount of functional ASXL1 protein available, which likely disrupts the regulation of the activity of HOX genes and other genes during development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear how this altered gene regulation plays a role in the development of cancer, but it is likely that overactive genes promote the growth of cancers by allowing abnormal blood cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The results indicate that TCE induces changes in expression of certain important cell cycle regulation genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Silibinin also showed a strong phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but inhibited Akt phosphorylation and decreased survivin levels with an increase in cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • We characterized the ATM protein expression in immortalized cells from AT and AT-variant patients, and heterozygotes and correlated it with two ATM-dependent radiation responses, G1 checkpoint arrest and p53-Ser 15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • The radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein at serine 15, largely mediated by ATM kinase, was defective in AT, A(-T) and in 2/4 heterozygous carriers, while the G1 cell cycle checkpoint was disrupted in all AT and A(-T) cases, and in 3/10 AT heterozygotes. (nih.gov)
  • However, this limited expression of ATM protein provides no benefit regarding the ATM-dependent responses related to G1 arrest and p53-ser15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the cell cycle distribution and activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal molecules (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) in human embryo lung cells (HELF), and to investigate the relationship between alterations of MAPK protein phosphorylation and the cell cycle distributions. (uky.edu)
  • METHODS: The phosphorylation of MAPK were induced by exposing HELF cells to BaP at 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 micromol/L. The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were determined through western-blotting assay. (uky.edu)
  • Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • During S- phase of cell cycle, synthesis of histone proteins takes place as the chromosome number gets doubled to that of somatic number. (zigya.com)
  • This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Reinitiation of DNA synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and serum deprivation, but not by Colcemid, suggesting that a functional G1 phase dependent on de novo synthesis of protein and RNA is essential for entry into the next S phase. (rupress.org)
  • These results suggest that a putative protein kinase(s) sensitive to K-252a plays an important role in the mechanism for preventing over-replication after completion of previous DNA synthesis. (rupress.org)
  • The mechanism, which is based on the synthesis and degradation of three ''master regulator'' proteins (CtrA, GcrA, and DnaA), is converted into a quantitative model, in order to study the temporal dynamics of these and other cell cycle proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • A fission yeast general translation factor reveals links between protein synthesis and cell cycle controls. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It has been suggested that the protein is essential for initiation of DNA replication and that it plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
  • Further analysis with flow cytometry in the presence of OA led to the novel conclusion that PP2A activity is critical for CSF-1-driven BMM cell cycle progression in both early G1 and S phases. (edu.au)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Note: Not all eukaryotic proteins are degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. (stackexchange.com)
  • Our study additionally shows that the majority of AT heterozygotes express almost halved levels of ATM protein, sufficient in most cases to normally regulate the ATM-dependent DNA damage-response pathway. (nih.gov)
  • An early event in the signal transduction pathway induced by these cell-cell interactions is the rapid inactivation of a flagellar protein kinase that phosphorylates a 48 kDa flagellar protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). (cancerindex.org)
  • p27 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and decreased protein levels of p27 may play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) HCMV dysregulates DNA repair in infected cells and 3) infection of neural progenitor cells by HCMV causes premature and abnormal differentiation of these important CNS cells. (uidaho.edu)
  • The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • It has been shown to form complex with Hsp90 and a variety of protein kinases including CDK4, CDK6, SRC, RAF-1, MOK, as well as eIF2 alpha kinases. (nih.gov)
  • This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (bvsalud.org)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
  • In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although expression levels of the protein appear to be constant throughout the cell cycle, the protein kinase activity appears to increase during S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein in low, medium and high dose groups was significantly lower than that in control group and decreased with the increase of dose. (ijpsonline.com)
  • To do so, we model the cell cycle as a partially temporal network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by combining a traditional static PPI network with protein concentration or RNA expression time series data. (biorxiv.org)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)
  • High expression of TYRO3 and AXL was detected in LMS cell lines. (nature.com)
  • The good understanding of gene expression requires therefore to resort to stochastic models that are able to characterise the different origins of protein production variability as well as the biological devices that potentially control it. (hal.science)
  • After the cell is born a protein molecule is synthesized by gene expression for the very first time de novo . (stackexchange.com)
  • It has also been demonstrated that TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest can be partially attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-β on both the expression and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [CDKI] such as p21 and p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our data suggest that translational inhibition of B-cyclin expression represents a third mechanism, in addition to cyclin degradation and Rum1 inhibition, that contributes to Cdc2 inactivation as cells exit from the mitotic cell cycle and prepare for meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent advances in single cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA) techniques paved new ways to characterize gene expression changes during the development stages of the plasmodium life cycle [4,5]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Microarray and real-time PCR analyses of the laser-captured hair matrix cells show a strong decrease in expression of Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) and increased expression of selected cyclins in TG vs. WT mice. (brad.ac.uk)
  • This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
  • In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)
  • Moreover, resynthesis of new flagellar proteins following deflagellation was not accompanied by increases in transcript levels of SksC, suggesting that expression of this soluble protein kinase might not be restricted to flagella. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Immunoblot analysis indicated that expression of SksC was ubiquitous: this soluble protein was found in both flagella and cell bodies and was expressed throughout the cell cycle and gametogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
  • Both Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed the increased expression of one of the cDNA species identified as coding for the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an observation not previously reported during the response to a growth factor. (edu.au)
  • Increased expression of p53 and Ki67 was found in areas of squamous hyperplasia (SH) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) which correlated with the subsequent development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (bmj.com)
  • The encoded protein may be involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Tumor-infiltrated macrophages were isolated from human GC tissues using magnetic beads, gene transcription was determined by real-time PCR, protein expression was monitored using western blots, metabolites were determined using HPLC, and transcriptional regulation was analyzed by the luciferase-based reporter gene system. (cancerindex.org)
  • 2) in those centers, p53 binds site-specifically to the viral genome and 3) infection of p53 knockout cells show dramatic decreases in viral titers, in viral DNA replication and in viral protein expression. (uidaho.edu)
  • This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
  • Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
  • Gene expression patterns in normal human liver cells exposed to tetrachloroethylene using microarray analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we have investigated TCE exposure and global gene expression pattern in normal human liver cells using microarray analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Malnutrition, both protein-energy mal- aimed to assess the use of CD95 expression nutrition (PEM) and micronutrient defi- as a marker for following up these patients ciencies, continues to be a major health during their nutritional rehabilitation and burden in developing countries. (who.int)
  • The expression of p53 in epithelial hyperkeratosis was mainly localized to basal epithelial cells whereas in epithelial dysplasia, it was predominantly localized to spinous epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prognostic significance of p53 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma without neck node metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression of cell cycle proteins in head and neck cancer correlates with tumour site rather than tobacco use. (bvsalud.org)
  • 9. Iamaroon A, Khemaleelakul U, Pongsiriwet S, Pintong J. Co-expression of p53 and Ki67 and lack of EBV expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression of p53 in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa: correlation with expression of Ki67. (bvsalud.org)
  • The product encoded by this gene is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the effective concentration of K-252a did not cause significant inhibition of affinity-purified p34cdc2 protein kinase activity in vitro, in vivo the full activation of p34cdc2 kinase during the G2/M was blocked by K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that targeting cell cycle processes or protein ubiquitination pathways are promising treatment strategies for overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Even as the nature of the exact cell in which Merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis occurs is controversial, there is strong support for the notion that Merkel cell carcinoma results from of one of two distinct pathways. (medscape.com)
  • We show that B-cyclin translation is specifically inhibited upon nitrogen starvation of wild-type cells, when B-cyclin/Cdc2 inactivation is a prerequisite for G(1) arrest and subsequent mating. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] is such an example, being a growth stimulator in fibroblastic cells with TGF-β receptors, but a negative regulator in epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Cdc7/Dbf4 complex adds a phosphate group to the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex allowing for the initiation of DNA replication in mitosis (as explained in the Cdc7 and Replication section below). (wikipedia.org)
  • After chromatin undergoes changes in telophase of mitosis, the hexameric protein complex of MCM proteins 2-7 forms part of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) by binding to the chromatin and other aiding proteins (Cdc6 and Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Uncoupled cell cycle without mitosis induced by a protein kinase inhibitor, K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • The staurosporine analogues, K-252a and RK-286C, were found to cause DNA re-replication in rat diploid fibroblasts (3Y1) without an intervening mitosis, producing tetraploid cells. (rupress.org)
  • In a src-transformed 3Y1 cell line, as well as other cell lines, giant cells containing polyploid nuclei with DNA contents of 16C to 32C were produced by continuous treatment with K-252a, indicating that the agent induced several rounds of the incomplete cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • They also suggest that a periodic activation of p34cdc2 is required for S phases in the cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • Colchicine prevents the mitosis of the cells at which of the following stage? (zigya.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
  • This is most likely due to the change in conformation allowing the remainder of replication machinery proteins to be loaded. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the two proteins, Cdc7 and Dbf4, must form a complex before activating the MCM complex, the regulation of one protein is sufficient for both. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Data-Driven, Mathematical Model of Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulation. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • To develop a data-driven model of cell cycle regulation, we used contiguous, dynamic measurements over two time scales (minutes and hours) calculated from static multiparametric cytometry data. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in the regulation of a large variety of developmental programs, including those controlling organ sizes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • The ASXL1 protein may have an additional role in gene regulation by signaling to molecules to add a methyl group (a process called methylation) to an area near a gene called the promoter region, which controls gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers believe that the overactive ASXL1 protein leads to poor regulation of gene activity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Philipp was trained as a hard-core biochemist and in his own lab uses extensively genetically modified mice to study cell cycle regulation and human disease. (lu.se)
  • More generally, bioinformatics analyses have shown that ~15% of all phosphorylated residues are buried in the non-phosphorylated state, suggesting that transient exposure might be a general mechanism involved in protein regulation. (lu.se)
  • Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. (oncotarget.com)
  • In a model with a changing volume that follows the cell cycle, we integrate successively the protein production mechanism (transcription and translation), the random segregation of compounds at divi- sion, and the gene replication. (hal.science)
  • This gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Note: In August, 2008, the nomenclature of the GA binding protein transcription factors was clarified. (nih.gov)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Small-molecule inhibitor targeting the Hsp90-Cdc37 protein-protein interaction in colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • With the advent of improved immunohistochemical profiling, the tumor was reclassified as Merkel cell carcinoma because shared epithelial and neuroendocrine markers, along with ultrastructural features suggestive of neural crest origin, were observed in both the constituent tumor cell and the physiologic Merkel cell of the skin. (medscape.com)
  • Within skin, Merkel cells have also been shown to cluster in the basal layers of the interfollicular epidermis in specialized epithelial structures called touch domes, where they are juxtaposed with epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated that epidermal progenitors in the touch domes are capable of producing Merkel cell lines and that epithelial progenitor populations in adults have the capacity to give rise to both neuroendocrine and squamous lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • p53 positivity was looked for in each IHC stained slide and the number of positive cells amongst 1,000 epithelial cells were recorded. (bvsalud.org)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Predictive Role of p53 Protein as a Single Marker or Associated to Ki67 Antigen in Oral Carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
  • This skin cancer has been called by several other names, including primary small-cell carcinoma of the skin, APUDoma, primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the skin, and the Toker tumor. (medscape.com)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An insulin -secreting beta-cell tumor of the pancreas is diagnosed by detecting fasting hypoglycemia with an elevated plasma insulin level. (msdmanuals.com)
  • early event of malignant transformation and has a predictive value for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • After being promoted to Senior Investigator, he moved to Singapore where he worked at the Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB/A*STAR/National University of Singapore). (lu.se)
  • The course is an optional second-cycle course for a degree of Bachelor or Master of Science in Biology. (lu.se)
  • The product Assay kit for Mouse B-Cell Linker Protein (ELISA) is intended to be used for research purposes only. (cellcycl.com)
  • The product Assay kit for Mouse B-Cell Linker Protein (ELISA) should be kept between two and eight degrees Celsius to ensure the retention of the stability and reactivity of the reagents included in the kit. (cellcycl.com)
  • Medium-Throughput Detection of Hsp90/Cdc37 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors Using a Split Renilla Luciferase-Based Assay. (nih.gov)
  • And the flow cytometry assay was used to measure the cell cycle effects in HELF cells after treatment with 2.5 micromol/L BaP for 24 h. (uky.edu)
  • begingroup$ One missing aspect (for Eukaryotes) is that step 5 is actively promoted by tagging with ubiquitin ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin ). (stackexchange.com)
  • Proteins tagged with ubiquitin (i.e. ubiquitinated) are recognized and degraded by proteasomes. (stackexchange.com)
  • The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we recover the temporal organisation of the cell cycle of budding yeast into phases and subphases, in an automated way. (biorxiv.org)
  • Lichen sclerosus (LS) has a known association with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. (bmj.com)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • A prospective of five cervical cancer screening tests assessed the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • To study oral hyperplastic epithelium, dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma todetermine (1) the prevalence of p53 protein immunoreactivity, (2) number of p53 positive cells, and (3) the area of localization of p53 protein immunoreactivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two contiguous sections from 30 tissue specimens (10 each from oral hyperplastic epithelium, dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma) were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) staining for histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for demonstration of p53. (bvsalud.org)
  • Higher p53 positive cell counts were demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to hyperplastic and dysplastic tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • However the quantitative analysis of p53 positive cells and their localization in oral epithelium is of importance as a marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • preneoplastic oral lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma with growing incidence and high metastatic potential. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] As neuroendocrine carcinomas were thought to be of neural crest origin, in 1978 Tang and Toker proposed that this carcinoma might be derived from Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • Ultimately, it is unclear whether the eponymous Merkel cell is truly a histiogenic precursor of Merkel cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Sunshine et al offer that perhaps there are multiple cell-line precursors of Merkel cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] Since our understanding of the histogenesis is still evolving, some authors choose to refer to Merkel cell carcinoma as neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Also see Merkel Cell Tumors of the Head and Neck and Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Rare Appendageal Tumors . (medscape.com)
  • Mesquita HB, Gross M, Helzlsouer K, Jacobs EJ, mous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • Basal cell carcinoma of the right lower lid. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Recent studies denoted that alterations in growth factors and growth factor receptors seem to influence the biologic behaviour of pancreatic cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. (nature.com)
  • These mutations are somatic, which means they are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in cells that give rise to cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In this programme, you will study the structure and function of macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, and biological systems from cell extracts to whole organisms. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 4 (MEN 4) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by adenomas and sometimes hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The model accounts for important details of the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of cell cycle control in stalked C. crescentus cell. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Biochemistry is the foundation for modern-day drug design and development and is based on the study of the 3D structure of drugs and their protein targets. (ed.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 could positively regulate the BaP independently induced cell cycle alterations. (uky.edu)
  • Macrophages are essential inflammatory cells which regulate the features of immune reactions within tumors. (cancerindex.org)