• The Band 3 anion exchange proteins that exchange bicarbonate are the most abundant polypeptide in the red blood cell membrane, comprising 25% of the total membrane protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • They preferentially catalyze anion exchange (antiport) reactions. (tcdb.org)
  • AEs 1-3), Na + -coupled anion exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • Although mammalian SLC4/AE polypeptides mediate only electroneutral Cl - -anion exchange, trout erythroid AE1 also promotes osmolyte transport and increased anion conductance. (tcdb.org)
  • SLC4 proteins play roles in acid-base homeostasis, transport of H+ or HCO− 3 by epithelia (e.g. absorption of HCO− 3 in the renal proximal tubule, secretion of HCO− 3 in the pancreatic duct), as well as the regulation of cell volume and intracellular pH. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based on their hydropathy plots all SLC4 proteins are hypothesized to share a similar topology in the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SLC4 family comprises the following proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, the AE family (also called the SLC4 family) is composed of 10 paralogous members, among which are the proteins that perform Na + -independent Cl-HCO 3 - exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • Functionally, eight of these proteins fall into two major groups: three Cl-HCO− 3 exchangers (AE1-3) and five Na+-coupled HCO− 3 transporters (NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, NDCBE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Na+/HCO3 − co-transport proteins mediate the coupled movement of Na+ and HCO3 − across plasma membranes, often in an electrogenic manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single missense mutation allows AE1 to mediate both electrogenic SO 4 2- -Cl - exchange or electroneutral, H + -independent SO 4 2- -SO 4 2- exchange ( Alper 2006 ). (tcdb.org)
  • Animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of band 3 functions primarily as an anchoring site for other membrane-associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
  • 2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)
  • 1989), however, suggested that there is no NCX in basolateral membranes in proximal tubules but that instead, intracellular calcium pools within the mitochondria and elsewhere contribute to Na + /Ca 2+ exchange. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • In kidneys suffering from ischemia-reperfusion and in renal tubular epithelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation, NCX extrudes Na + in exchange for Ca 2+ influx, resulting in intracellular Ca 2+ overload and tubular epithelial cell injury (Yamashita J, S Kita, T Iwamoto et al. (cellphysiolbiochem.com)
  • AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bicarbonate (HCO3 −) transport mechanisms are the principal regulators of pH in animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anion exchanger proteins exchange HCO3 − for Cl− in a reversible, electroneutral manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the renal collecting ducts, bicarbonate secretion occurs through a synergistic action of CFTR and the Cl-/HCO3- transporter SLC26A4 (pendrin), which is probably supported by ANO1. (bvsalud.org)
  • We integrate the physiology of KCC3a with the main function of the type-B cell, that is, bicarbonate secretion through the well characterized apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and the basolateral Na-HCO3 cotransporter. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the C-terminal domain comprises a small percentage of the size of the protein, this domain in some cases, has (i) binding motifs that may be important for protein-protein interactions (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gives us an opportunity to revisit the roles of the KCC3 in kidney and integrate the new findings to our current knowledge of the biology of the bicarbonate secreting cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is also found in some plant proteins responsible for boron transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins synthesized at the ER are subject to covalent modifications that include N- and O-glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and in some cases, proline and lysine hydroxylation. (stanford.edu)
  • A conserved domain is found at the C terminus of many bicarbonate transport proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nine encode proteins that transport HCO− 3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Local attraction of substrates and co-substrates enhances weak acid and base transmembrane transport, and principles in the attraction and facilitation of weak acid and base transport substrates, including monocarboxylates, ammonium, bicarbonate, and arsenite, plus protons as a co-substrate have been elucidated ( Epalle and Beitz 2022 ). (tcdb.org)
  • Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a recessive chondrodysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2 gene encoding for a cell membrane sulfate/chloride antiporter crucial for sulfate uptake and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
  • The anion exchanger family (TC# 2.A.31, also named bicarbonate transporter family) is a member of the large APC superfamily of secondary carriers. (wikipedia.org)
  • AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB ) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins , including ion channels . (wikipedia.org)
  • Anion exchanger proteins exchange HCO3 − for Cl− in a reversible, electroneutral manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Band 3 anion exchange proteins that exchange bicarbonate are the most abundant polypeptide in the red blood cell membrane, comprising 25% of the total membrane protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • the CFTR chloride channel and the Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger. (pancreapedia.org)
  • In the initial stage of HCO 3 - secretion, HCO 3 - is secreted into the lumen through the Cl - /HCO 3 - exchanger in exchange for Cl - that is returned to the lumen through the CFTR Cl - channel. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.8 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • Based on their hydropathy plots all SLC4 proteins are hypothesized to share a similar topology in the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the C-terminal domain comprises a small percentage of the size of the protein, this domain in some cases, has (i) binding motifs that may be important for protein-protein interactions (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their N-terminal hydrophilic domains may interact with cytoskeletal proteins and therefore play a cell structural role. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterized protein members of the AE family are found in plants, animals, insects and yeast. (wikipedia.org)
  • A conserved domain is found at the C terminus of many bicarbonate transport proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also found in some plant proteins responsible for boron transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regulates E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of RNF19A (By similarity). (nih.gov)
  • In these proteins it covers almost the entire length of the sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of band 3 functions primarily as an anchoring site for other membrane-associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (By similarity). (nih.gov)