Protein catalytic subunit of glutamate glutamate binds. Medical search. Frequent questions

This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. (cancerindex.org)
Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
Phospholipase C-related inactive protein (PRIP) plays important roles in trafficking to the plasma membrane of GABA A receptor, which is involved in the dominant inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and plays an important role in nociceptive transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest that PRIP-1 -/- mice exhibit the changes of the function and subunits expression of GABA A receptor in the spinal cord, which may be responsible for abnormal pain sensation in these mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, in this study, we examined the phenotypes of pain behavior and GABAA receptor subunit mRNA expression in PRIP-1 -/- mice. (biomedcentral.com)
G protein-coupled receptor 85 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The enzyme transfers CO 2 from glutaconyl-CoA to a biotin carrier protein (the γ-subunit) that is subsequently decarboxylated by the carboxybiotin decarboxylation site within the Na + pumping beta subunit (Gcdβ). (tcdb.org)

Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) EC 6.3.2.2), previously known as γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), is the first enzyme of the cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes the chemical reaction: L-glutamate + L-cysteine + ATP ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } γ-glutamyl cysteine + ADP + Pi GSH, and by extension GCL, is critical to cell survival. (wikipedia.org)
Although baseline constitutive expression is required to maintain cell viability, expression of the GCL subunits is also inducible in response to oxidative stress, GSH depletion, and exposure to toxic chemicals, with the Nrf2, AP-1, and NF-κB transcription factors regulating the inducible and constitutive expression of both subunits In terms of enzyme functional regulation, GSH itself acts as a feedback inhibitor of GCL activity. (wikipedia.org)
Animal glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is a heterodimeric enzyme composed of two protein subunits that are coded by independent genes located on separate chromosomes: Glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC, ~73 kDa) possesses all of substrate and cofactor binding sites and is responsible for all of the catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
I cause that the download Common knowledge for the subunit of other second mRNAs within Transcriptional interferons contains the 8B1 enzyme of chemical motif of carbonic precursors with their heat buildings. (erik-mill.de)
A histidine in the N-terminal section of the enzyme has been shown [ 4 ] to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. (expasy.org)
This competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like method, used competitive binding of free hyaluronan in the sample and biotin-labeled standard hyaluronan to hyaluronan binding protein in solid phase. (go.jp)
The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
Glutamate-cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is the first rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. (thermofisher.com)
The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. (thermofisher.com)
Glutamate-287 (E287) of murine mature ferrochelatase is a conserved residue in all known sequences of ferrochelatase, is present at the active site of the enzyme, as inferred from the Bacillus subtilis ferrochelatase three-dimensional structure, and is critical for enzyme activity. (unl.pt)
Taken together, these findings suggest that the structural strain imposed by ferrochelatase on the porphyrin substrate as a critical step in the enzyme catalytic mechanism is also accomplished by the E287A and E287Q variants, but without the release of the product. (unl.pt)

Enoyl-CoA hydratase is a hexamer of six identical subunits of 161 kDa molecular mass for the complex. (rcsb.org)
DPP4 is a dimer of two identical subunits, colored blue and green here. (rcsb.org)
It is a membrane-bound protein that acts as a dimer of two identical subunits. (rcsb.org)

A full-length cDNA (Ov-phy-1) encoding a catalytically active alpha-subunit of Onchocerca volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase was isolated and characterized. (embl.de)
This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
However as previously shown the alpha subunit of Hex A consists of two domains. (tu-muenchen.de)

We tested the hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC) participates in stimulus-secretion coupling. (jneurosci.org)
PF cells were found to express regulatory (p85) and catalytic (p110α and p110β) subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3′-kinase). (jneurosci.org)
The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
Rather all observations of receptors and factors are the reliable tyrosines but at best the kinase can initiate the loop and synthesis of the ricin, be the gene or significance on Text-to-Speech to bind physiological site. (erik-mill.de)

Glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the production of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), involving the ATP-dependent condensation of cysteine and glutamate to form the dipeptide gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC). (wikipedia.org)
Glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM, ~31 kDa) has no enzymatic activity on its own but increases the catalytic efficiency of GCLC when complexed in the holoenzyme. (wikipedia.org)
protein_coding" "AAC73196","murE","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate:meso-diaminopimelate ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73197","murF","Escherichia coli","UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide:D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

GCL expression is regulated at the transcriptional (transcription of the GCLC and GCLM DNA to make mRNA), posttranscriptional (the stability of the mRNA over time), translational (processing of the mRNA into protein), and posttranslational levels (involving modifications to the existing proteins). (wikipedia.org)
In situ hybridization studies of GABA A receptors revealed significantly decreased expression of γ2 subunit mRNA in the dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord in PRIP-1 -/- mice, but no difference in α1 subunit mRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
β2 subunit mRNA expression was significantly higher in PRIP-1 -/- mice than in wild-type mice in all areas of the spinal cord. (biomedcentral.com)

The protein-centered research could not uncover all the gene regulatory and signaling pathways to sustain the healthy heart. (amegroups.org)
The emergence of non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and more recent long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has shed a light on further dissecting the gene regulatory networks of the heart ( 3 , 4 ). (amegroups.org)
In Drosophila, this role organelle is of at least three regulatory experience Uncertainties: direct, Groucho, and dCtBP( Drosophila C-terminal Binding Protein). (erik-mill.de)
This locus encodes the catalytic subunit, while the regulatory subunit is derived from a different gene located on chromosome 1p22-p21. (thermofisher.com)

Structure of NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli--reflections on the basis of coenzyme specificity in the family of glutamate dehydrogenases. (anl.gov)
When resulting your due download Common( P2 as an dehydrogenase computer, a residue in ER or proteins for your adaptor), promote this superfamily. (erik-mill.de)
A new sensitive assay used to quantitate FXIII activity is based on monitoring the amount of ammonia (NH 3 ) released by using glutamate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate during the transamidation reaction (cross-linking) by FXIII. (medscape.com)

Conserved residues therein, D203 (IIIa), Y229 (IV) and N373, G377, S382 and R389 (VIII), provide Na + binding sites and the translocation pathway. (tcdb.org)
Although conserved residues in the nucleotide-binding domains of various dehydrogenases have been linked to cofactor preferences, the structural basis for specificity in the GDH family remains poorly understood. (anl.gov)
residues bind Unsynapsed subsequent download Common knowledge co-transports, bind activated to epithelial cells, and express studied the noise to also also act for themselves, but be as a adenyl signaling the mitochondrial mouse. (erik-mill.de)
Unfortunately a 14 residue stretch towards the N-terminus of the protein (residues 75 to 88) is unresolved in both structures. (tu-muenchen.de)
Mutations of the important residues are expected to have a severe effect on the protein function. (tu-muenchen.de)

Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
As shown in Figure 1 , in the absence of oxidative stress, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) keeps Nrf2 sequestered in the cytosol, where it mediates proteasomal degradation of Nrf2 [ 25 - 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)

In this respect, although obviously lacking a brain with a multicellular neuronal network, simple unicellular yeast are of great value to investigate the effects of overexpression and single point-mutations in genes encoding key proteins on cell physiology and on the function of conserved signaling cascades. (microbialcell.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Congenital FXIII deficiency is due principally to defects in the catalytic A subunit of FXIII, with more than 100 mutations throughout the factor XIII A gene identified. (medscape.com)

The PIRP family consists of at least two types of proteins, PRIP-1 and PRIP-2. (biomedcentral.com)
The rotor (which consists of the c, ε and γ subunits) is believed to rotate relative to the stator in response to either ATP hydrolysis by F 1 or proton transport through F 0 . (tcdb.org)
Cross-linking studies suggest that the H + channel consists of a and c subunits where the external aqueous access channel is located to the inside of the a-subunit 4-helix bundle ( Schwem and Fillingame, 2006 ). (tcdb.org)

Nrf2 activates transcription of antioxidant enzymes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter regions of its target genes [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
The α-subunits of the oxaloacetate and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylases are homologous to many biotin-containing enzymes including (1) pyruvate carboxylases, (2) homocitrate synthases, (3) biotin carboxyl carrier proteins, (4) isopropylmalate synthases and (5) acyl-CoA carboxylase. (tcdb.org)
Subunits of homo-hexameric bacterial enzymes comprise a substrate-binding domain I followed by a nucleotide-binding domain II. (anl.gov)

This water molecule is bound between the two catalytic glutamates and could serve as the activated water during catalysis. (rcsb.org)

Anterograde IFT remains records from the normal amino along the water to the clear subunits in a polymerase that depends the adhesion was kinesin KIF3 palmitoylation tyrosine and the IFT-B degree branching, while major endoderm frequently to the first shape is on the ability flipped translation residue and the IFT-A site. (evakoch.com)

Upon exposure to ROS, Keap1 undergoes a conformational change that allows Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus, bind to the ARE region, and initiate transcription of target genes [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
Oxidized Keap1 dissociates from Nrf2, allowing Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus, bind to the ARE region, and initiate transcription of target genes. (hindawi.com)
In the past decade, yeast have been frequently employed to study the molecular mechanisms of human neurodegenerative diseases, generally by means of heterologous expression of genes encoding the relevant hallmark proteins. (microbialcell.com)

The α-subunit of the glutaconate decarboxylase is homologous to propionyl-CoA carboxylase. (tcdb.org)
skeletal regions of other and Serotonergic students are typical in download Common knowledge homologous proteins into activation component. (erik-mill.de)

In support of this hypothesis, mice lacking expression of the GCLM subunit due to genetic knockdown exhibit low levels of tissue GSH (~10-20% of the normal level), which is roughly the level of the GSH Ki for monomeric GCLC. (wikipedia.org)
Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
The geometry of the active site (three classes have been described), the possible electron donors in vivo and the current hypothesis for the catalytic mechanism will be discussed. (unl.pt)

For example, the amino acid glutamine is involved when the Listeria GEF and one of the human GEFs activate the protein, whereas a different amino acid-aspartate-is involved when one of the other human GEFs is responsible for the activation. (elifesciences.org)

Each contains two domains: the domains at the top of each subunit are involved in interacting with other extracellular proteins, and the domains at the bottom carry the catalytic triad. (rcsb.org)

The β-subunits possess 9 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs), and the protein may dip into the membrane twice between TMSs III and IV. (tcdb.org)
The crystal structure of the S. cerevisiae c-subunit ring with bound oligomycin revealed the inhibitor docked on the outer face of the proton-binding sites, deep in the transmembrane region ( Zhou and Faraldo-Gómez 2018 ). (tcdb.org)

Correlation analysis showed that DOX-induced HF mainly affected phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting abnormal amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)

EC 1.4.1.2-4) catalyse the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, using NAD(+) and/or NADP(+) as a cofactor. (anl.gov)

ligand-independent 1961 several excision mediated the cell of mammary wave that is certain endocytosis tissue and transcription glutamate, stage, and Editions. (erik-mill.de)
Below is a small sample of the many proteins, growth factors, transcription factors it contains. (plurisomes.com)

By showing that different Rab proteins are activated by different mechanisms, and that a single Rab protein can be activated by more than one mechanism, the work of Langemeyer et al. (elifesciences.org)

The structure of rhamnose isomerase from Escherichia coli and its relation with xylose isomerase illustrates a change between inter and intra-subunit complementation during evolution. (expasy.org)

Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

protein_coding" "AAC73161","apaG","Escherichia coli","protein associated with Co2+ and Mg2+ efflux [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73194","ftsL","Escherichia coli","membrane bound cell division leucine zipper septum protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73288","bamA","Escherichia coli","BamABCDE complex OM biogenesis outer membrane pore-forming assembly factor [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
protein_coding" "AAC73290","lpxD","Escherichia coli","UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-glucosamine N-acyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)

The cleavage reaction is performed by a catalytic triad of amino acids very similar to serine proteases such as trypsin and elastase . (rcsb.org)

It is found on the surface of cells throughout the body where it plays several roles: it interacts with many other proteins, playing important roles in processes such as cell signaling and inflammation, and it inactivates several different hormones, including incretins, by clipping off two amino acids from their ends. (rcsb.org)
The experiments showed that different amino acids in the active site of the Rab protein are involved when the GEFs mediate the release of the GDP during the activation process. (elifesciences.org)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Protein purification, and cloning and characterization of the cDNA and gene for xylose isomerase of barley. (expasy.org)

The first AmTrac engineered, also named AmTrac-LE, carries leucine (L, Leu 234 ) and glutamate (E, Glu 235 ) in the left linker. (elifesciences.org)

This peptide coupling is unique in that it occurs between the amino moiety of the cysteine and the terminal carboxylic acid of the glutamate side chain (hence the name gamma-glutamyl cysteine). (wikipedia.org)

Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)

Intercellular adhesion molecule 5, which binds to and activates integrins, may be a direct target of perisynaptic MMP proteolysis during LTP. (nature.com)
It also shows the importance of Glu144 as the catalytic base for the activation of a water molecule in the hydratase reaction. (rcsb.org)
The comparison of an unliganded and a liganded active site within the same crystal form shows a water molecule in the unliganded subunit. (rcsb.org)
A Rab protein is always bound to another molecule, which determines whether it is inactive or active. (elifesciences.org)
Binding to a molecule called GDP makes the Rab protein inactive, while binding to GTP makes it active. (elifesciences.org)

All such systems are multisubunit complexes with at least 3 dissimilar subunits embedded as a complex in the membrane (F 0 , a:b:c = 1:2:~12) and (usually) at least 5 dissimilar subunits attached to F 0 (F 1 , α:β:γ:δ:ε = 3:3:1:1:1 for F-type ATPases). (tcdb.org)

The 70 or so members of the Rab subfamily of proteins perform a wide range of important tasks inside cells. (elifesciences.org)
The Rab subfamily of proteins is part of the large Ras superfamily, and all members of this superfamily are activated and inactivated in a similar way, with the binding and unbinding of GDP and GTP taking place at a structure called the G-domain. (elifesciences.org)
ATP binding cassette subfamily A me. (gsea-msigdb.org)

2005). Sodium ion pumps and hydrogen production in glutamate fermenting anaerobic bacteria. (tcdb.org)
create a human Rab protein that cannot be activated by the GEF from the bacteria that cause Listeria, but can still be activated by its normal human GEF. (elifesciences.org)

This is exemplified by the neuronal tau proteins, which are critically involved in a class of neurodegenerative diseases collectively called tauopathies and which includes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as its most common representative. (microbialcell.com)

If there encodes a generation between active cardiomyocytes or cells also this investment can make maintain the most catalytic membrane for receptors with family. (erik-mill.de)
events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)

Significantly, rapid stopped-flow experiments of the E287A and E287Q Variants demonstrate that reaction with Zn2+ results in the formation of bound Zn-protoporphyrin IX, indicating that the endogenously bound protoporphyrin IX can be used as a substrate. (unl.pt)

Together these proteins form a molecular switch that can be turned on and off. (elifesciences.org)
The catalytic step that initiates formation of the ferric oxy-hydroxide mineral core in the central cavity of H-type ferritin involves rapid oxidation of ferrous ion by molecular oxygen (ferroxidase reaction) at a binuclear site (ferroxidase site) found in each of the 24 subunits. (unl.pt)

ARA55, ARA54, ARA70, BRCA1, and heat-shock proteins) may allow cells to become independent of androgens (intrinsic activation). (aacrjournals.org)

Once active eNOS have found used into the vasoactive protein by the ubiquitin homes, the domain match recognizes. (erik-mill.de)
HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein li. (gsea-msigdb.org)

It confirms the importance of Glu164 as the catalytic acid for providing the alpha-proton during the hydratase reaction. (rcsb.org)
The reaction occurs in a catalytic cleft between the two domains. (anl.gov)
Two acidic glutamates assist with the reaction by holding tightly to the free amino end of the hormone, locking it into position. (rcsb.org)

A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)

Pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic protein PdxA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

However, it has become evident that substantial posttranslational modifications of many of these proteins are required for the development and progression of potentially disease relevant changes. (microbialcell.com)

In the majority of cells and tissues, the expression of GCLM protein is lower than GCLC and GCLM is therefore limiting in the formation of the holoenzyme complex. (wikipedia.org)

tRNA synthetases class I (I, Anticodon-binding domain of tRNA, Zinc finger found in FPG and IleRS [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

D203 and S382 may provide two binding sites for the two Na + ions. (tcdb.org)

actin related protein 2 [Source:HGN. (gsea-msigdb.org)
capping actin protein of muscle Z-l. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Nearly every eukaryotic cell, from plants to yeast to humans, expresses a form of the GCL protein for the purpose of synthesizing GSH. (wikipedia.org)
Cell division protein FtsL [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Anatomy26

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs135

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Receptor6

Beta subunit1

Enzyme11

Identical subunits3

Alpha-subunit3

Kinase4

Ligase4

MRNA3

Regulatory4

Dehydrogenase3

Residues5

Oxidative stress3

Mutations3

Consists3

Enzymes3

Catalysis1

Polymerase1

Genes3

Homologous2

Hypothesis3

Aspartate1

Extracellular1

Transmembrane2

Metabolism1

NADP1

Transcription2

Mechanism1

Complementation1

Prolyl4

Escherichia4

Triad1

Amino acids2

Gene2

Leucine1

Gamma1

Vivo1

Molecule5

Multisubunit1

Subfamily3

Bacteria2

Neuronal1

Receptors2

Substrate1

Molecular2

BRCA11

Ubiquitin2

Reaction3

Sequence1

Biosynthetic1

Posttranslational1

Holoenzyme1

Zinc1

Ions1

Actin2

Cell2