• The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation ( TRANSLATION, GENETIC ). (nih.gov)
  • The enzymatic synthesis of PEPTIDES without an RNA template by processes that do not use the ribosomal apparatus ( RIBOSOMES ). (nih.gov)
  • The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS. (umassmed.edu)
  • A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. (lookformedical.com)
  • 2020) Identification and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleoside Antibiotics. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
  • Both linear and cyclic peptides have been explored as trafficking moiety due to ease of synthesis, structural simplicity, and low probability of undesirable immunogenicity. (biosyn.com)
  • This technique has frequently been applied to animal tissue slices for the purpose to map proteins, peptides , lipids, sugars or small metabolites to find disease specific bio-markers or to study drag metabolism. (go.jp)
  • [ 5 ] These defects were largely problems in the catabolism of lipids and amino acids or in the rapid breakdown of glycogen. (medscape.com)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators derived from the 5-lypoxygenase (5-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism [ 1 ], initially identified to have important effects on pathogenetic aspects of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma and approved in the late 1990s for the relief of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms, and the treatment of mild persistent bronchial asthma [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels. (embl.de)
  • In addition, steady-state mRNA levels of nine stress-responsive genes coding for either functional or regulatory proteins were induced to higher levels in the transgenic lines with or without drought stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
  • An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins . (lookformedical.com)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. (embl.de)
  • Systematic analyses have revealed that physicochemical properties of the drug-peptide conjugates and their mechanism of receptor-mediated cellular internalization are important controlling factors for developing a successful targeting system. (biosyn.com)
  • 2014) Mechanism of action of the uridyl peptide antibiotics: an unexpected link to a protein-protein interaction site in translocase MraY. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • We are studying the biosynthesis mechanism of sulfur-modification and its regulation mechanisms in order to develop new drugs. (go.jp)
  • Dynamic cellular events beyond genetic encodings, such as epigenetics, and intermolecular protein interaction, play critical roles in dictating cellular functions. (go.jp)
  • Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)
  • As a result, we now know many genetic defects responsible for neurological disease, but frequently we do not know much about the resulting protein product and therefore the pathophysiologic basis for the disease. (medscape.com)
  • The α subunits of protein prenyltransferases consist of tetratricopeptide repeats and are part of the tetratricopeptide repeat superfamily [ 5 ], which also includes functionally diverse proteins involved in transcription, co-chaperoning, protein transport, cell-cycle control and phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, we further characterized the role of the Wag31 phosphorylation in polar peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The phosphorylation state of Wag31 is found to be important for protein-protein interactions between the Wag31 molecules, and thus, for its polar localization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While Wag31 Mtb appears to have a role in the protection of mycobacterial cells under stress conditions [ 13 ], these observations strongly suggested that Wag31 and its phosphorylation plays a critical role in modulating cell growth through regulating peptidoglycan biosynthesis in mycobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • de Marcos-Lousa C, P Sideris D, Tokatlidis K. (2006) Translocation of mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins: conformation matters. (forth.gr)
  • Wiker F, Hauck N, Grond S, Gust B .(2019) Caprazamycins: Biosynthesis and structure activity relationship studies. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • LTs exert their biological effects by activating specific receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 22 - 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An octameric enzyme belonging to the superfamily of amino acid dehydrogenases. (lookformedical.com)
  • Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe 3+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further experiments used a mutant form of the TERT protein that cannot interact with other TERT molecules and found that complexes that contain this mutant protein still have normal enzyme activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The approaches and results presented here will serve as a guide to systematically approach targeted delivery of cytotoxic drug molecules using peptides for treatment of several diseases. (biosyn.com)
  • Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides,2 poly-Arg peptides), 3,4 proteins (e.g., antibodies,5 transport proteins, and transferrin6), and small molecules (e.g., folate7) have been used to selectively direct drugs to cancer cells with upregulated receptors by forming drug-carrier conjugates (Fig. 1). (biosyn.com)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
  • Mutagenesis studies demonstrate that naturally occurring amino acid variation in TLR5 residue 268 is responsible for human and mouse discrimination between flagellin molecules. (silverchair.com)
  • For axenic growth under laboratory conditions, it specifically relies on the external supply of N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan (PGN) of bacterial cell walls. (karger.com)
  • We demonstrate that the differential growth among cells expressing different wag31 alleles (wild-type, phosphoablative, or phosphomimetic) is caused by, at least in part, dissimilar nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the differential growth caused by the expression of different wag31 Mtb alleles (wild-type wag31 Mtb , wag31T73A Mtb , and wag31T73E Mtb ) is due to, at least in part, dissimilar nascent peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because proteins are often functional only as members of stable protein complexes, the PRO Consortium, in collaboration with existing protein and pathway databases, has launched a new initiative to implement logical and consistent representation of protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • Tang X, Gross M, Xie Y, Kulik A, Gust B . (2013) Identification of Mureidomycin Analogues and Functional Analysis of an N-Acetyltransferase in Napsamycin Biosynthesis. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)
  • The structural and functional integrity of this overhang is based on its association with a constellation of specific proteins, some of them belonging to the shelterin complex [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • but this includes many previously unknown effects at a variety of different levels, including post-translational changes in proteins and global cellular physiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TtuB possesses ubiquitin-like structure and also function as post-translational modifier of many proteins [Fig. 2]. (go.jp)
  • Although existing protin-centric informatics resources provide the biomedical research community with well-curated compendia of protein sequence and structure, these resources lack formal ontological representations of the relationships among the proteins themselves. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peptides derived from sequence of cell surface proteins, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), LHRH, Bombesin, and LFA-1, have shown potent binding affinity to the target cell surface receptors. (biosyn.com)
  • Automatic comparisons of data from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with genes (for example using the program Acembly, for which the results are available from the NCBI AceView server [ 2 ]) shows that all the human protein prenyltransferase genes have multiple alternative splice variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PtrABF had a complete open reading frame of 1347 bp, encoding a 448 amino acid peptide, and shared high sequence identities with ABFs from other plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using 3′-UTR sequence probes, we have observed specific DNA protein binding with nuclear proteins from lymphocyte, astrocytoma, and neuroblastoma cell lines, but not from the microglia cell line. (bmj.com)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. (lookformedical.com)
  • The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein. (lookformedical.com)
  • Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
  • Here we report the selection of camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that modulate the conformation and spectral properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). (cipsm.de)
  • It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION . (lookformedical.com)
  • Products of the former group function directly in protecting cells against damage derived from stresses and sustaining cell viability, and the latter is composed of regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors (TFs), protein kinases and protein phosphatases, that are responsible for transducing stress signaling and regulating expression of stress-responsive genes [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One substrate of these kinases we identified is Wag31, a homolog of the cell-division protein DivIVA in other Gram-positive bacteria [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe here how the PRO Consortium is meeting the challenge of representing species-specific protein complexes, how protein complex representation in PRO supports annotation of protein complexes and comparative biology, and how PRO is being integrated into existing community bioinformatics resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO facilitates robust annotation of variations in composition and function contexts for protein complexes within and between species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Inhibition of ergosterol, protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis altered titan cell formation, as did serum, phospholipids and anti-capsular antibodies in our settings. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)
  • Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
  • The genes encoding CaaX protein prenyltransferases are considerably longer than those encoding non-CaaX subunits, as a result of longer introns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins . (lookformedical.com)
  • Change in the incubation medium, hypoxia, nutrient starvation and low pH were the main factors that trigger titan cell formation, while quorum sensing factors like the initial inoculum concentration, pantothenic acid, and the quorum sensing peptide Qsp1p also impacted titan cell formation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Accepted August 23, 2012 ABSTRACT The catabolite control protein CcpA is a pleiotropic regulator that mediates the global transcriptional response to rapidly catabolizable carbohydrates, like glucose in Gram-positive bacteria. (studyres.com)
  • Carbohydrates differ from proteins in two important features. (iucr.org)
  • To obtain structural information, we synthesized single and double zinc finger peptides from the yeast transcription activator ADR1, and assessed the metal-binding and DNA-binding properties of these peptides, as well as the solution structure of the metal-stabilized domains, with the use of a variety of spectroscopic techniques. (embl.de)
  • A large superfamily of transcription factors that contain a region rich in BASIC AMINO ACID residues followed by a LEUCINE ZIPPER domain. (lookformedical.com)
  • Moreover, peptides derived from ICAM-1 receptor can be internalized by the leukemic T-cells along with the conjugated moiety offering the promise to selectively treat cancers and autoimmune diseases. (biosyn.com)
  • Siebenberg S, Burkard N, Knuplesch A, Gust B , Grond S, Heide L. (2011) Two pathways for pyrrole formation in coumermycin A(1) biosynthesis: the central pyrrole moiety is formed from L-threonine. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Logical and semantic access to related protein forms is critical for advancing bioinformatics approaches to representing, modeling, and reasoning about complex biological systems at the genomic and cellular level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genomic organization of the human genes that encode protein prenyltransferases is shown in Figure 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the Escherichia coli tryptophanase operon depends on ribosome stalling during translation of the upstream TnaC leader peptide, a process for which interactions between the TnaC nascent chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel are critical. (cipsm.de)
  • We demonstrate that mouse and human TLR5 discriminate between different flagellins, and we use this difference to map the flagellin recognition site on TLR5 to 228 amino acids of the extracellular domain. (silverchair.com)
  • Representing species-specific proteins and protein complexes in ontologies that are both human- and machine-readable facilitates the retrieval, analysis, and interpretation of genome-scale data sets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRO is a unique database resource for species-specific protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ProComp, the focus of this manuscript, represents multi-protein complexes, with an initial (but not exclusive) emphasis on protein components of complexes in mouse and human. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein complexes are distinguished from protein-protein interactions in that they are continuant entities, i.e. they endure or continue to exist through time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The explicit representation of protein complexes in PRO--defining each member of the complex at the level of its isoform, variant, or modified form--provides the ability to represent complex biological knowledge as it is emerging in the experimental research community in structures that are both human readable and accessible to algorithmic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ProComp leverages, and cross references, entries in existing protein-centric informatics resources, including the protein complexes that are represented in the Cellular Component branch of the Gene Ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the GO, types of protein complexes are defined in terms of constituent macromolecule classes and the function(s) that the complexes carry out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major contribution of PRO as a protein biology community informatics resource is that it provides a formal ontological structure with foundation in Basic Formal Ontology http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/ to describe types of protein complexes and gives these types unique, permanent identifiers http://www.obofoundry.org/id-policy.shtml . (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, many enzymes can bind to different combinations of proteins to form groups (or 'complexes') with a variety of three-dimensional shapes, so there may be a variety of enzyme complexes in the solution. (elifesciences.org)
  • The center of telomerase has a protein called TERT that forms complexes with other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments show that these complexes can contain either one or two TERT proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a valuable resource for three-dimensional structural information on glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes. (iucr.org)
  • When compared with historic strains, recent isolates showed increased expression of flagellar genes and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and decreased expression of polysaccharide capsule genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of a peptide that disrupts hADA3-E6 interaction with implications in HPV induced cancer therapy. (du.ac.in)
  • A tale of two paralogs: human Transformer2 proteins with differential RNA-binding affinities. (ncbs.res.in)
  • An experimentally determined model of the single finger is proposed that is consistent with circular dichroism, one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and visual spectroscopy of the single-finger peptide reconstituted in the presence of zinc. (embl.de)
  • An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. (lookformedical.com)
  • Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. (nature.com)
  • The enzyme responsible for collagen maturation is prolyl 4-hydroxylase, making this enzyme a central activity in cuticle biosynthesis and a potentially important chemotherapeutic target. (embl.de)
  • Some enzymes are made of just one component protein that works on its own, but others are made of multiple proteins that are all required for the enzyme to work properly. (elifesciences.org)
  • A zinc containing enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal amino acid from most L-peptides, particularly those with N-terminal leucine residues but not those with N-terminal lysine or arginine residues. (lookformedical.com)
  • A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination of branched-chain AMINO ACIDS to 2-oxoglutarate. (lookformedical.com)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway to LEUCINE , forming isopropyl malate from acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although direct identification of abnormal protein structure still was not possible, such defects could be inferred, indirectly, by demonstrating alterations in the kinetic properties of patients' enzymes (ie, rates of reaction as concentrations of cofactor or substrate were varied) or in the rate at which heating the enzyme altered its catalytic properties. (medscape.com)
  • Such changes allowed a strong inference of a change in the structure of the enzyme-protein. (medscape.com)
  • Hatzis P, Kyrmizi I, Talianidis I. (2006) Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated disruption of enhancer-promoter communication inhibits hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha expression. (forth.gr)
  • Tang X, Eitel K, Kaysser L, Kulik A, Grond S, Gust B . (2013) A two-step sulfation in antibiotic biosynthesis requires a type III polyketide synthase. (uni-tuebingen.de)
  • Wu C, Roy B, He F, Yan K, Jacobson A. Poly(A)-Binding Protein Regulates the Efficiency of Translation Termination. (umassmed.edu)
  • Adult and embryonic Brugia malayi are shown to be susceptible to inhibitors of vertebrate prolyl 4-hydroxylase, with exposed parasites exhibiting pathologies consistent with a disruption in cuticle biosynthesis. (embl.de)
  • The protease not only releases small peptides, such as the amyloid-β peptide, which drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but also intracellular domains, which can have critical functions in nuclear signaling. (cipsm.de)
  • Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
  • The term "eicosanoids" includes prostaglandins (PGs), tromboxanes (TX), leukotrienes (LTs), and hydroxyl-eicosatetraenoic acid made by polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids (PUFA), including the most abundant and biological precursor AA [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The main pathological features of AD are characterised by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques caused by the progressive deposition of Aβ peptides in the brain, composed mainly of 39-43 peptides generated by proteolytic cleavage of the Aβ precursor protein (APP). (bmj.com)
  • Mutations in three genes coding for the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ), presenilin 1 ( PS-1 ), and presenilin 2 ( PS-2 ) account for most cases of early onset, autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), but only for 2% of all the AD cases. (bmj.com)
  • In a phylogenetic analysis of coleopteran and lepidopteran arylsulfatases, the P. chrysocephala GSSs formed a cluster within a coleopteran-specific sulfatase clade distant from the previously identified GSSs of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , suggesting an independent evolution of GSS activity in ermine moths and flea beetles. (nature.com)
  • The arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase A2, is an important substrate for the production of a group of lipid mediators known as leukotrienes, which induce proinflammatory signaling through the activation of specific BLT and CysLT receptors. (hindawi.com)
  • ProForm represents species-specific and species-independent classes of protein isoforms, co- and post-translationally modified forms, and variant forms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
  • The dlt operon of Gram-positive bacteria is required for the incorporation of D -alanine esters into cell wall-associated teichoic acids (TAs). (frontiersin.org)
  • In most gram-positive bacteria, this operon consists of five genes dltXABCD but the involvement of the first ORF ( dltX ) encoding a small protein of unknown function, has never been investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria contains highly charged anionic polymers called teichoic acids (TAs) that consist of alditol phosphate repeats. (frontiersin.org)
  • Holmqvist, E. & Vogel, J. RNA-binding proteins in bacteria. (nature.com)
  • In a thermophilic bacteria, activated sulfur which bond to a sulfur-carrier protein TtuB [Fig. 2] is transferred to tRNA by a sulfur transferase. (go.jp)
  • We previously demonstrated that TLR5 recognizes bacterial flagellin ( 3 ), the most abundant protein found in the whip-like structures that propel bacteria ( 4 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Protein glycosylation fulfils a variety of roles. (iucr.org)
  • Addition of D -alanine to TAs reduces the negative charge of the cell envelope thereby preventing cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) from reaching their target of action on the bacterial surface. (frontiersin.org)
  • We defined flagellin as a prototypical pathogen-associated molecular pattern by identifying the 13 amino acids on flagellin that are involved in TLR5 recognition ( 5 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Salvage of polymeric PGN presumably requires the removal of peptides from PGN by an unknown amidase, concomitantly with the translocation of the polymer across the outer membrane. (karger.com)
  • Here we show titan cells derived from the enlargement of progenitor cells in the population independent of yeast growth rate. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Accessibility and Contribution to Glucan Masking of Natural and Genetically Tagged Versions of Yeast Wall Protein 1 of Candida albicans. (montana.edu)
  • In the case of some hemoglobin variants, demonstrating substitutions of one or another amino acid was actually possible. (medscape.com)
  • Viruses repeatedly adapted to white-tailed deer with recurring amino acid substitutions across spike and other proteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
  • In the proposed "zinc finger" DNA-binding motif, each repeat unit binds a zinc metal ion through invariant Cys and His residues and this drives the folding of each 30-residue unit into an independent nucleic acid-binding domain. (embl.de)
  • Furthermore, analysis of spontaneous Pkr1 loss-of-function clinical isolates confirmed the important role of the Pkr1 protein as a negative regulator of titan cell formation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • catalyzed peptide exchange, a process that shapes T cell responses, is reported for 12 different MHC class II variants. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Two recently identified exo-lytic N -acetylmuramidases (Tf_NamZ1 and Tf_NamZ2) specifically cleave the peptide-free, exogenous (nutrition source) PGN in the periplasm and release the MurNAc and disaccharide substrates for the transporters Tf_MurT and Tf_AmpG, respectively, whereas the peptide-containing, endogenous (the self-cell wall) PGN stays unattached. (karger.com)
  • 2006) Methylation-independent binding to histone H3 and cell cycle-dependent incorporation of HP1beta into heterochromatin. (forth.gr)
  • ProEvo represents evolutionary relatedness of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated from at least 109 independent spillovers from humans, which resulted in 39 cases of subsequent local deer-to-deer transmission and three cases of potential spillover from white-tailed deer back to humans. (cdc.gov)