• Protein engineering can create or improve the key component for enhancing biosynthesis efficiency, while pathway engineering has the potential to balance the overall metabolic flux toward the biosynthesis of products of interest. (keaipublishing.com)
  • We formulate a deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equation model of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) cholesterol genetic regulatory pathway in an hepatocyte. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Recently chemical biology findings have highlighted the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway as a promising novel target pathway to treat life-threatening fungal infections. (nature.com)
  • The transcription factor FOSL1 (also known as Fra-1), which is found in basal-like breast cancers but not in the luminal subtype, stimulated the transcription of miR-221/222, and the abundance of these miRNAs decreased with inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase), placing miR-221/222 downstream of the RAS pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in the CDP-choline pathway for phospholipid biosynthesis bypass the requirement for an essential phospholipid transfer protein. (tamu.edu)
  • The antagonistic action of the CKI gene product on SEC14p function revealed a previously unsuspected influence of biosynthetic activities of the CDP-choline pathway for PC biosynthesis on yeast Golgi function and indicated that SEC14p controls the phospholipid content of yeast Golgi membranes in vivo. (tamu.edu)
  • All proteins were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to create 13 biological networks and 17 pathways of interacting protein clusters in human ortholog. (cdc.gov)
  • The proteins produced from both genes are involved in a multistep process that connects particular proteins to the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this study, we combined transcript profiling and proteomic analysis to better understand which genes and proteins are altered by opaque2 in the W64A inbred line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mutant also had altered expression of a number of starch biosynthesis genes and this was associated with a more highly crystalline starch. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variant MobA proteins were characterized for their ability to support the synthesis of active molybdenum enzymes, to bind MPT and MGD, to interact with the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis proteins MobB and MoeA. (rcsb.org)
  • Studies on the characterization, biosynthesis and isolation of starch and protein from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (usask.ca)
  • Standard protein purification and characterization techniques, enzyme activity assays, as well as immunoassays (ELISA) will also be taught. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases-transcription and translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These observations all suggest that glucocorticoids stimulate the synthesis not only of PNMT, but also of a wide variety of medullary proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
  • or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
  • Anisomycin , also known as flagecidin , is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis . (wikipedia.org)
  • Partial inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs at anisomycin concentrations that effect 95% inhibition of protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anisomycin interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of anisomycin's wide use as a protein synthesis inhibitor, there have been many studies centered on the biosynthesis of anisomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The substantial reduction in synthesis of α-zeins results in smaller, less numerous protein bodies and a concomitant increase in non-zein endosperm proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduced synthesis of the lysine-poor zein proteins and compensatory increases in other proteins dramatically improves the nutritional quality of the grain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The underlying mechanism for rebalancing amino acid content for both o2 and RNAi is unclear, although it depends on reduced synthesis of the zein storage proteins and a compensatory increase in non-zein protein content [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Azithromycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and blocks dissociation of peptidyl tRNA from ribosomes, causing RNA-dependent protein synthesis to arrest. (medscape.com)
  • It arrests bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins, thereby in turn inhibiting bacterial growth. (medscape.com)
  • This course will cover the structure and function of different biological molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Mitochondria are also the primary source of the basic building blocks from which lipids, nucleotides, and proteins are derived. (cancer.gov)
  • Moreover, hypophysectomy is associated with decreases in the quantity of immunochemically assayable PNMT protein in the medulla and in the rate at which PNMT is synthesized from isotopically labeled amino acid precursors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although its pyrrolidine-based structure suggests that it is derived from proline, the results from the experiments indicated that tyrosine, glycine, methionine, and acetate are the primary precursors for the biosynthesis of anisomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the roles of CD38 and CD73 in providing ectocellular NAD(+) precursors for NAD(+) biosynthesis and in modulating cell susceptibility to FK866. (truniagen.com)
  • The aim of this course is to introduce basic biochemical laboratory techniques, with emphasis on protein biochemistry. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The cytotoxicity of different representative molecules, namely small organic molecules, proteins and nanoparticles (NP), was measured after 24 h of exposure using the fluorescent dye pair Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX orange. (nature.com)
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. (researchgate.net)
  • Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ring contraction process that occurs during cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthesis is mediated via the action of two enzymes, CobG and CobJ. (edu.au)
  • Explain The Various Ways That Enzymes Can Be Regulated, Including Post-Translational Modifications Of Proteins And Their Degradation. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • These biochemicals can be joined to make polymers such as DNA and proteins, essential macromolecules of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracts of metabolically labeled cultured epithelial cells have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE, using antisera to the major high molecular mass proteins and glycoproteins (greater than 100 kD) from desmosomes of bovine muzzle epidermis. (rupress.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • These comprised three glycoproteins (DGI, DGII, and DGIII) and one major nonglycosylated protein (DPI). (rupress.org)
  • An integrated process was developed for the fractionation of quinoa into starch, protein, oil and saponins. (usask.ca)
  • Seed was first roller milled, yielding a coarse bran fraction (48% of the seed weight) that was high in protein (22.9%, db), oil (8.8%, db), and saponins (7.4%, db), and a fine, starch-rich fraction [52% of the seed weight containing 77.2% (db) starch]. (usask.ca)
  • Starch was recovered using aqueous alkali (pH 9) to solubilize the protein followed by centrifugation, after which the starch-rich pellet was washed and the sediment which accumulated on top of the pellet was removed. (usask.ca)
  • The end-products of the integrated extraction process were a crude saponin extract, a crude oil product, and several protein and starch products. (usask.ca)
  • Sixty-eight percent of the starch was recovered as a starch product that contained 97% (db) starch and 1.2% (db) protein. (usask.ca)
  • By specifically silencing or overexpressing CD38 and CD73, we demonstrated that endogenous CD73 enables, whereas CD38 impairs, the conversion of extracellular NMN to NR as a precursor for intracellular NAD(+) biosynthesis in human cells. (truniagen.com)
  • Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we use a reporter gene-based screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the discovery of antifungal inhibitors of GPI-anchoring of proteins, and identify the oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product jawsamycin (FR-900848) as a potent hit. (nature.com)
  • During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Such bioactive compounds are found at low concentration in their natural sources, so that dissecting their biosynthetic pathways is of value for their production through heterologous biosynthesis in engineered prokaryotic microbes and fungi, such as E. coli and yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
  • Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Post-translational modifications can alter the protein's ability to function, where it is located within the cell (e.g. cytoplasm or nucleus) and the protein's ability to interact with other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of a tri-dimensional structure, revealing the topology of a membrane protein provides relevant information to identify the number and orientation of transmembrane helices and the localization of critical amino acid residues, contributing to a better understanding of function and intermolecular associations. (qub.ac.uk)
  • In this chapter, we describe a pipeline employing bioinformatic approaches for the prediction of membrane protein topology, followed by experimental validation through the substituted-cysteine accessibility method and the analysis of the protein's oligomerization state. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Protein Biosynthesis" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • When proteins detected in pupae A were compared with those in pupae B, 233 and 239 proteins were, respectively, under- and over-expressed in pupae B, while 167 proteins were overlapped in both pupae A and B. Differential protein profiles indicate that nutritional deficiency induced over-expression of flightless-I protein (fli-I) in medfly. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the exact mechanisms by which it improves protein quality and creates a soft endosperm texture are unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Affected individuals may pass dark-colored urine because of the presence of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Protein biosynthesis has a key role in disease as changes and errors in this process, through underlying DNA mutations or protein misfolding, are often the underlying causes of a disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • To study structure-function relationships, we have constructed a number of site-specific mutations of the most highly conserved amino acid residues of the MobA protein family. (rcsb.org)
  • The 1.5 Å resolution crystal structure of DynU16, a protein identified in the dynemicin-biosynthetic gene cluster, is reported. (uky.edu)
  • abstract = "The 1.5 {\AA} resolution crystal structure of DynU16, a protein identified in the dynemicin-biosynthetic gene cluster, is reported. (uky.edu)
  • In this special issue of Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology , we will explore the interface of protein engineering and metabolic engineering for improved biosynthetic efficiency. (keaipublishing.com)
  • Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, and is essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall. (nature.com)
  • GPI biosynthesis is a conserved process, required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane of fungi and thus essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall in yeasts and molds 4 . (nature.com)
  • These proteins are attached to the cell by a specialized molecule called GPI anchor and are known as GPI-anchored proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The Staphylococcus aureus cell division protein, DivIC, interacts with the cell wall and controls its biosynthesis. (shef.ac.uk)
  • The main issue with trypan blue is its capacity to bind to proteins in the cell suspension, not just that released by dead cells. (nature.com)
  • Little doses of the poison increased the incorporation of 14C-hydrolysate of Chlorella protein into proteins of liver cells and the high doses inhibited this process. (msk.ru)
  • These analyses showed that the accumulation of some lysine-rich proteins, such as sorbitol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was increased in mature kernels and may contribute substantially to the lysine content of opaque2 endosperm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. (nature.com)
  • SEC14p is the yeast phosphatidylinositol (PI)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) transfer protein, and it effects an essential stimulation of yeast Golgi secretory function. (tamu.edu)