Protein arginine phosphorylation. Medical search. Frequent questions

For example, phosphorylation mainly occurs on a subset of three types of amino acids, including serine (S), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). Methylation is predominantly found on lysine (K) and arginine (R) residues. (deepdyve.com)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
Arginine methylation-dependent reader-writer interplay governs growth control by E2F-1. (embl.de)
We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
The Tudor domain protein p100-TSN reads the symmetric methylation mark, and binding of p100-TSN downregulates E2F-1 apoptotic activity. (embl.de)
Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
Combining individual-resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) and mass spectrometry, we show that elevated arginine methylation of SRSF5 and lower phosphorylation levels of cobound SRSF2 enhance shuttling of SRSF5 in P19 cells by modulating protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (uni-frankfurt.de)
The range of modifications are limited to those readily identifiable in a database search, such as methylation of lysine or arginine, ubiquitination of lysine, deamidation of glutamine or asparagine, glycation of lysine, phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine (without enrichment), or acetylation of lysine. (covalx.com)
Arginine methylation is a type of post-translational modification that produces monomethylated or dimethylated arginine residues. (molcells.org)
Although it is unclear whether or not increased Smurf2 expression can be directly attributed to lack of methylation of arginine residues, our results suggest that methylation by PRMT1 may regulate Smurf2 stability and control TGF-β signaling. (molcells.org)
These include phosphorylation (PhosphoScan ® ), ubiquitination (UbiScan ® ), acetylation (AcetylScan ® ), and methylation (MethylScan ® ), among others. (cellsignal.com)
Arginine methylation is a prevalent PTM found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. (cellsignal.com)
Examples include arginine 3 methylation on histone H4 (H4R3) by PRMT1 and arginine 17 and 26 methylation on histone H3 (H3R17 and H3R26) by PRMT4 [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (e-enm.org)
Histone modification antibodies are used to investigate epigenetic modifications to histones such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. (epigentek.com)

PANO1 contains 2 cAMP phosphorylation sites, 6 N-myristoylation sites, 4 protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, 3 bipartite nuclear localization signals as well as arginine-rich and proline-rich regions. (wikipedia.org)
As mentioned previously, 6 N-myristoylation sites, 2 cAMP phosphorylation sites, and 4 protein kinase C phosphorylation sites are also present. (wikipedia.org)
This PSK domain harbors a putative phosphorylation site for the mitotic kinase cyclin/p34cdc2. (nih.gov)
The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
How a particular protein kinase recognises its substrate protein(s) is therefore a key question. (biomedcentral.com)
Two major factors determine the formation of a protein kinase-substrate complex [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The first, termed substrate recruitment, encompasses any process that increases the effective concentration of the protein kinase substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
Crystal structures of protein kinases with bound substrate peptides show that substrate residues at positions -3 to +3 relative to the phosphorylated serine, threonine or tyrosine residue adopt an extended conformation and bind to a pocket in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The relative contribution of substrate recruitment and peptide specificity to protein kinase substrate specificity varies between protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell numbers, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as total and phosphorylated levels of mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1), were determined. (tamu.edu)
An in vitro immunocomplex kinase assay indicated that the rpS3 protein acts as a substrate for Lyn, which phosphorylates the Y167 residue of rpS3. (bmbreports.org)
Furthermore, by adding various kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that the phosphorylation status of rpS3 was regulated by both Lyn and doxorubicin, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn increased drug resistance in cells by upregulating p-glycoprotein translation. (bmbreports.org)
On the other hand, an increase in Ca 2+ induces eNOS translocation from the cell membrane to the cytosol or Golgi complex ( 8 ), where it is phosphorylated and fully activated by protein kinases that reside in caveolae, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, and 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Three-train L-LTP was also blocked by inhibitors of guanylyl cyclase or cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that NO contributes to L-LTP by stimulating guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, which acts in parallel with PKA to increase phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB. (jneurosci.org)
Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB β). (nature.com)
In a first study it was demonstrated that the arginine kinase McsB is not responsible for the regulation of CtsR activity during heat stress, as was concluded by others on the basis of previous in vitro data. (uni-greifswald.de)
The position of helix αC and the lack of a conserved arginine within an equivalent HRD motif suggested that the NleH2 kinase domain's active conformation might not require phosphorylation. (northwestern.edu)
Then, activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase strengthens the phosphorylation of cardiac troponin C, the affinity of troponin C to Ca2+ decreases, and the activity of K+ channels on the muscle cell membrane also decreases, resulting in vasodilation. (mgm-biochem.com)
The ALK gene provides instructions for making a protein called ALK receptor tyrosine kinase, which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (medlineplus.gov)
After dimerization, the kinase is tagged with a marker called a phosphate group (a cluster of oxygen and phosphorus atoms) in a process called phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphorylation turns on (activates) the kinase. (medlineplus.gov)
The activated kinase is able to transfer a phosphate group to another protein inside the cell, which is activated as a result. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the ALK gene change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. (medlineplus.gov)

SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are "S" and "R" respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, amino acid variations through changing the type of residues of the target sites or key flanking residues could directly or indirectly influence PTM of protein and bring about a detrimental effect on protein function. (deepdyve.com)
The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycine residues are enriched, especially at the +1 position, in the context of mono-methylated arginine when compared to the overall expected frequency in the human proteome. (cellsignal.com)
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) comprise a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of methyl groups to the amino acid arginine or the arginine residues of proteins in eukaryotic species. (e-enm.org)
While all three types of PRMTs are capable of catalyzing monomethylation of arginine residues, type I PRMTs can transfer a second methyl group to the monomethylated nitrogen atom of the guanidino group of monomethyl arginine, resulting in the formation of proteins containing one or more asymmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
Type II PRMTs transfer a methyl group to the unmodified nitrogen atom of the guanidine group of monomethyl arginine to form proteins with symmetric dimethylarginine residues. (e-enm.org)
In earlier reports, PRMTs promoted active transcription of target genes by mediating asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on histones, resulting in increased acetylation and the subsequent activation of transcription. (e-enm.org)
In this work, their analysis found four serines (S212/S214/S227/S229) adjacent to arginine residues, reminiscent of a classic RS domain (fig.b). (biologists.com)
Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins are essential for the function of many proteins, but aberrant modification of protein residues also can interfere with protein function. (promegaconnections.com)
Proteins may be modified through the activity of enzymes such as kinases, phosphorylases, glycosylases and others that add or remove specific chemical moieties to amino acid residues. (promegaconnections.com)
PTMs can also result from non-enzymatic reaction between electrophilic compounds and nucleophilic arginine and lysine residues within a protein. (promegaconnections.com)
This histone modification is defined as the addition of an acetyl group to lysine residues of histone proteins by enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and is associated with gene activation and expression. (epigentek.com)

This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)

In addition, co-expression of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT)1 and PRMT6 lead to a decrease of heterochromatin clustering. (tu-darmstadt.de)
For instance, the Type I protein arginine methyltransferases are known to methylate a number of proteins that contain an arginine glycine glycine (RGG)-motif [6]. (deepdyve.com)
Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) were recently added to the list of enzymes that are critical for regulating transcription in hepatic gluconeogenesis. (e-enm.org)

Magnesium is involved in nearly every aspect of biochemical metabolism (eg, DNA and protein synthesis, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation). (medscape.com)
MGO is also elevated in tumors that have switched from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis as their main energy production pathway. (promegaconnections.com)
NO can activate PPARy co-activator α1, thereby increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (mgm-biochem.com)

SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. (wikipedia.org)
SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. (wikipedia.org)
Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. (wikipedia.org)
SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. (wikipedia.org)
SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Interchromatin granule clusters are for the storage and reassembly of pre-mRNA splicing proteins. (wikipedia.org)
PANO1 is also known as Proapoptotic Nucleolar Protein 1, PANO, and Pre-mRNA-splicing Factor CW22-like. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear export factor 1 (NXF1) exports mRNA to the cytoplasm after recruitment to mRNA by specific adaptor proteins. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Here we critically evaluate members of the SR protein family (SRSF1-7) for their potential to act as NXF1 adaptors that couple pre-mRNA processing to mRNA export. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Quantitative comparisons of RNA-binding sites showed that NXF1 and SR proteins bind mRNA targets at adjacent sites, indicative of cobinding. (uni-frankfurt.de)
SR proteins function in nuclear pre-mRNA processing, mRNA export, and translation. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Our findings indicate that posttranslational modification of SR proteins underlies the regulation of their mRNA export activities and distinguishes pluripotent from differentiated cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Diverse SR proteins play partially overlapping but distinct roles in transcription-coupled splicing and mRNA processing in the nucleus. (molcells.org)
In addition, shuttling SR proteins act as adaptors for mRNA export and as regulators for translation in the cytoplasm. (molcells.org)
For example, translation of mRNA species lacking stop codons results in ribosomal stalling, which serves as signal for the recruitment of both the non-stop mRNA decay (NSD) and the ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC) pathways. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Serine/arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins), a group of proteins that harbor an arginine/serine (RS) domain either at their N' or C' terminus, play crucial roles in a plethora of biological processes such as cell cycle and signaling, developmental pathways, DNA replication and repair, transcription and mRNA splicing. (biologists.com)
MGO-modified proteins from the WIL2-NS whole cell lysates included proteins involved in glycolysis, translation initiation, protein folding, mRNA splicing, cell-to-cell adhesion, heat response, nucleosome assembly, protein SUMOylation and the G2/M cell cycle transition. (promegaconnections.com)
It is thought that the protein remains associated with spliced mRNAs as a tag to indicate where introns had been present, thus coupling pre- and post-mRNA splicing events. (beds.ac.uk)
However, there is a discrepancy between the level of HO-1 mRNA and its protein, particularly in cells under stress. (mcw.edu)

Perichromatin fibrils are areas of gene transcription and where SR proteins associate with RNA polymerase II for co-transcriptional splicing. (wikipedia.org)
To highlight some of relevance and importance to PANO1: Wilms tumor suppressor, spermatogenic zip 1 transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, pleomorphic adenoma gene, general transcription factor IIIA, stimulating protein 1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, GC box elements and HMG box-containing protein 1. (wikipedia.org)
The assembly of PRMT6 protein network allowed us to formulate functional hypotheses which led to the discovery of new molecular partners for the architectural transcription factor HMGA1a, a known substrate for PRMT6, and to provide evidences for a modulatory role of HMGA1a on the methyltransferase activity of PRMT6. (embl.de)
This mini-review will summarize the roles of SR proteins as RNA binders, regulators, and connectors from transcription in the nucleus to translation in the cytoplasm. (molcells.org)
AMPK leads to phosphorylation of the transcription factor Nrf2, tuning transactivation of selected target genes. (imp.ac.at)
CtsR displays a decreased DNA binding at higher temperatures, which leads to induction of transcription of the protein quality control systems under these conditions. (uni-greifswald.de)
PRMT5, a predominant type II PRMT in mammals, represses transcription by promoting symmetric dimethylation of arginine 8 on histone H3 (H3R8) and symmetric dimethylation of arginine 3 on histone H4 (H4R3) [ 6 ]. (e-enm.org)
Approved treatments for HBV infection include nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) that inhibit the reverse transcription activity of P protein, but in most cases, discontinuing therapy leads to viral replication relapse and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. (ghuhlo.top)
The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)

SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. (wikipedia.org)

L-Arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells. (tamu.edu)
The present study tested the hypothesis that Arg stimulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine conceptus trophectoderm (pTr2) cells. (tamu.edu)
The activation continues through a series of proteins in a signaling pathway. (medlineplus.gov)

We have previously described an approach to predicting the substrate specificity of serine-threonine protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
The new features significantly enhance the ability of Predikin to analyse protein kinases and their substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Defects in these networks result in a variety of disease states making protein kinases important targets for drug design [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated eNOS converts L-arginine to L-citrulline and increases NO, which diffuses into VSMCs and activates guanylyl cyclase, producing cyclic guanosine monophosphate and activating kinases responsible for vessel relaxation ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The structure resembles those of protein kinases featuring the catalytic, activation, and glycine-rich loop motifs and ATP-binding site. (northwestern.edu)
The phosphorylation reaction that takes place in the cell is reversible in nature where catalysts such as kinases are used for the addition of the phosphoryl group and phosphatases catalyzes the removal of the phosphoryl group. (vedantu.com)
SR protein kinases go beyond splicing. (biologists.com)
Of note, phosphorylation of SR proteins mediated by Serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) drive their functionality 1 . (biologists.com)

As its mechanism of action remains unclear, we identified Chtop-interacting proteins using a biotinylation-proteomics approach. (embl.de)
It is now recognized that a major mechanism involved in eNOS activation is phosphorylation of eNOS at the Ser 1177 residue ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Interestingly, their mutational analysis demonstrates processive phosphorylation of RNF12 from C' to N' direction, a mechanism characteristic of SRPKs 11 . (biologists.com)
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine ( O -GlcNAc) modification of proteins ( O -GlcNAcylation) is a recently discovered cellular signaling mechanism that rivals phosphorylation in many proteins, including eukaryote translation initiation factors (eIFs). (mcw.edu)
The mechanism by which eIF2α O -GlcNAcylation regulates translation of HO-1 during extracellular arginine shortage (ArgS) remains unclear. (mcw.edu)

Precisely the process of glycolysis is carried out in ten steps and phosphorylation plays a major part in attaining the main end product. (vedantu.com)
Phosphorylation initiates the first step of the preparatory stage, that is, half glycolysis and the last step of the payoff phase , that is, second glycolysis. (vedantu.com)
Now when the phosphorylation of glucose happens in the first stage of glycolysis, glucose gets converted into glucose-6-phosphate which is relatively a bigger molecule than glucose. (vedantu.com)
In the third phase of glycolysis, phosphorylation takes place and it converts fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-6- bisphosphate. (vedantu.com)

The following is a list of 14 human genes encoding SR proteins involved in splicing: SR proteins are characterized by an RS domain and at least one RNA recognition motif (RRM). (wikipedia.org)
In Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, edn 2. (jmolbiochem.com)
NO produced by arginine can stimulate the phosphorylation of Therefore, by inhibiting the activity of acetyl COA carboxylase and activating the activity of malonyl COA decarboxylase, the content of malonyl COA can be reduced, and the genes related to fat and glycogen synthesis can be reduced. (mgm-biochem.com)

Most PTMs are catalyzed by highly specific protein modifying enzymes, which have some specific recognition motif. (deepdyve.com)
Following digestions with multiple enzymes, the peptide mixtures are analyzed by high-resolution LC/MS/MS . The peptides are fragmented in the mass spectrometer to yield diagnostic patterns that can be matched to protein sequence databases via Mascot software analysis. (covalx.com)

Based on sequence analysis, SR proteins are suspected to be intrinsically disordered proteins resulting in an unstructured RS domain. (wikipedia.org)

We describe a statistical measure, Mass Distance Fingerprint, for automatic de novo detection of predominant peptide mass distances, i.e., putative protein mod- ifications. (lu.se)

As all proteins begin with methionine, many have this first amino acid cleaved off during post-translational modification. (tocris.com)
PTMScan ® Technology employs a proprietary methodology from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) for peptide enrichment by immunoprecipitation using a specific bead-conjugated antibody in conjunction with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for quantitative profiling of post-translational modification (PTM) sites in cellular proteins. (cellsignal.com)
Proteins often undergo a huge post-translational modification most of the times. (vedantu.com)
Out of all the post-translational modification of proteins that happen, phosphorylation is the most important and is found almost everywhere. (vedantu.com)
From the above reactions, it is evident that phosphorylation is predominant in the post-translational modification that regulates protein functions in the body. (vedantu.com)

Phosphorylation occurs at the end chain of three amino acids, tyrosine and threonine. (vedantu.com)

PTMs from this list in conjunction with a protein sequence and a few precursor masses. (lu.se)
To increase the utilization of current computational resources, we 﫿rst provide an overview of computational prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein PTMs and their functional analysis. (deepdyve.com)
The development of better methods for mutation analysis-related protein PTMs will help to facilitate the development of personalized precision medicine. (deepdyve.com)
posttranslational modifications, amino acid variations, computational mutation analysis, protein PTM predictor, network biology Introduction Protein PTMs are biochemical alterations of amino acids that change the physicochemical properties of target proteins, leading to structural changes and therefore regulating protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction in developmental and cancer pathways [1]. (deepdyve.com)
7] analyzed amino acid variations of 15 different PTMs and indicated that about 4.5% of amino acid variations may affect protein function through disruption of PTMs, and the mutation of 238 PTMs sites in human proteins was causative of disease. (deepdyve.com)
In this regard, comprehensive studies of the impact of amino acid variation on protein PTMs will be helpful for further understanding of how genetic polymorphisms are involved in regulating biological and pathological processes and providing instructive information for drug development of various related diseases. (deepdyve.com)
The extent of the fractionation correlates with the number of proteins and their PTMs that are detected. (covalx.com)
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) take many shapes, have many effects and are necessary for cellular homeostasis. (biologists.com)

PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
As splicing is linked to transcriptional and post-transcriptional steps, SR proteins are implicated in the regulation of multiple aspects of the gene expression program. (molcells.org)
In this mini-review, the essential functions of SR proteins in splicing regulation, with a focus on their roles as RNA binders in the ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) will be summarized. (molcells.org)
Importantly, protein quality control effectors are also involved in further aspects of proteome balance, such as regulation of protein abundance, subcellular localization, and assembly into macromolecular complexes. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
The main goal of this thesis was to gain detailed molecular insights into the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these protein quality control networks in the ecologically, medically and industrially important phylum of low GC, Gram-positive bacteria. (uni-greifswald.de)
In addition to the transcriptional regulation of CtsR low GC, Gram-positive protein quality control systems are regulated post-transcriptionally. (uni-greifswald.de)
Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)

In these bacteria the core protein quality control systems are under the transcriptional control of the global repressor CtsR. (uni-greifswald.de)

These modifications include the covalent attachment of methyl or acetyl groups to lysine and arginine amino acids and the phosphorylation of serine or threonine. (fishersci.com)

Addition of 100 and 350 M Arg to culture medium dose-dependently increased (a) protein synthesis and decreased protein degradation and (b) the abundance of total and phosphorylated mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP1 proteins. (tamu.edu)
Effects of 350 M Arg on intracellular protein turnover were only modestly affected when nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited. (tamu.edu)
Ribosomal protein S3 is a protein component of the ribosome, which is a cellular structure that plays a central role in protein synthesis. (bmbreports.org)
3 hr, and is reduced by inhibitors of PKA and of protein or RNA synthesis. (jneurosci.org)
Conversely, either NO or cGMP analogs paired with one-train tetanization produced late-phase potentiation, and the cGMP-induced potentiation was blocked by inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis and an inhibitor of PKG, but not by an inhibitor of PKA. (jneurosci.org)
As a precursor of NO synthesis, arginine can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, inhibit cell adhesion molecules and increase the expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases to prevent cell adhesion. (mgm-biochem.com)
In addition, a certain concentration of arginine can induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell proliferation by increasing the synthesis of NO to exert cytotoxicity. (mgm-biochem.com)

It has been observed at some point in time, one-third of the protein present in the human proteome are substrates of phosphorylation. (vedantu.com)
Phosphorylation reaction is one of the most widespread reactions that happen in human cells to phosphorylate the proteins that are present in the human proteome. (vedantu.com)

H3 along with four core histone proteins binds to DNA forming the structure of the nucleosome. (fishersci.com)

The B. subtilis ClpC protein is unlike most members of the Hsp100 family because it not only requires several adaptor proteins for substrate recognition but also for its general ATP- dependent activity. (uni-greifswald.de)

In some cases, PLL motifs are part of phosphorylation-dependent switches, where a serine/threonine phosphorylation event creates the negative charge corresponding to the absent Glu at +1. (eu.org)

RS domains regulate protein-protein interactions of SR proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The RRM domain mediates the RNA interactions of the SR proteins by binding to exon splicing enhancer sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Protein-interactions e.g., with muscle ankyrin repeat proteins or muscle LIM-protein link titin to hypertrophic signaling and via p62 and Muscle Ring Finger proteins to mechanisms that control protein quality control. (frontiersin.org)
Sigma subunits of AP complexes differ slightly in their surface charge densities and binding groove geometry, allowing for both generic and selective interactions with protein partners. (eu.org)
In addition to subcellular location and protein-protein interactions, several phosphorylation and dephosphorylation sites also modulate eNOS activity ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In general, RRM domains recognize RNA, whereas RS domains participate in diverse protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (molcells.org)
Overall comparison of the model of biglycan to the recently determined x-ray structure of the same protein returns a very low Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), which confirms the viability of the model and its reliability as a platform for the study biglycan interactions. (jmolbiochem.com)
Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)

Normally, activation of the CB 1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. (degruyter.com)

Our research group aims at understanding how protein quality control pathways can shape cell physiology, and how its factors can achieve client specificity given the enormous heterogenicity of the proteome. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)

Histone H3 is one of the DNA-binding proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells. (fishersci.com)
Though it is predominantly observed in bacterial protein, it is considered more prevalent in eukaryotic cells. (vedantu.com)

SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
The first antibody, mAb104 found SR proteins in the nucleus of amphibian oocytes. (wikipedia.org)
SR proteins can be found in both the cytosol and in nuclear speckles in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
SR proteins are mostly found in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of the RS domain causes the SR proteins to enter and remain in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Partial dephosphorylation of the RS domain causes the SR proteins to leave the nucleus and SR proteins with unphosphorylated RS domains are found in the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear localization signals allow proteins to be able to enter the nucleus, but many nuclear proteins possess their own. (wikipedia.org)
Most SR proteins are located exclusively in the nucleus, but some SR proteins (mainly SRSF1, SRSF3, and SRSF7) can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (molcells.org)
After uncoating, the virus takes its genome into the nucleus through the nuclear transfer signal on its nucleocapsid proteins. (ghuhlo.top)
The protein is found predominantly in the nucleus, although it is also present in the cytoplasm. (beds.ac.uk)

SR proteins are located in two different types of nuclear speckles, interchromatin granule clusters and perichromatin fibrils. (wikipedia.org)
5FMC is a nuclear complex that can only be recruited by Chtop when the latter is arginine-methylated by Prmt1. (embl.de)
1000 endogenous mRNAs required individual SR proteins for nuclear export in vivo. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Moreover, phosphorylation of all four serines - harbored in the nuclear localization signal - supports RNF12 nuclear retention in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (biologists.com)

Serine and arginine-rich (SR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) known as constitutive and alternative splicing regulators. (molcells.org)

The matching is com- plicated by the fact that there are protein modifications and the sequence databases store the unmodified sequences. (lu.se)
Banerjee-Basu S & Baxevanis AD 2002 Predictive Methods Using Protein Sequences. (jmolbiochem.com)

Furthermore, SRPK1 and SRPK2 mediated phosphorylation of RNF12 stimulates its ubiquitylation activity in vitro . (biologists.com)

E2 is expressed throughout the differentiation-dependent virus life cycle and is functionally regulated by association with multiple viral and cellular proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Here, we show for the first time to our knowledge that HPV16 E2 directly associates with the major capsid protein L1, independently of other viral or cellular proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cells are lysed in a urea-containing buffer, cellular proteins are digested by proteases, and the resulting peptides are purified by reversed-phase solid-phase extraction. (cellsignal.com)

PANO1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PANO1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Herein, we demonstrated that rpS3 and Lyn interact with each other, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn, causing ribosome heterogeneity, upregulates the translation of p-glycoprotein, which is a gene product of multidrug resistance gene 1. (bmbreports.org)
The human papillomavirus (HPV) E2 protein is a multifunctional protein essential for the control of virus gene expression, genome replication and persistence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Three mammalian SRPKs - SRPK1, SRPK2, and SRPK3 - relay information between environmental cues and gene expression by regulating SR protein phosphorylation 1,2 . (biologists.com)
Previous data from the host lab report that functional RNF12 restricts mESC differentiation to neurons 10 , a finding reinforced in the current study as revealed by gene expression data (RNA-seq and/or qPCR) collected from RNF12 wildtype, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation impaired mutants. (biologists.com)
This gene encodes a protein with a conserved RNA-binding motif. (beds.ac.uk)
There are two alternate translation start codons with this gene, which result in two forms of the protein. (beds.ac.uk)
This translocation fuses the ALK gene to the NPM gene and results in a fusion protein called NPM-ALK. (medlineplus.gov)

Localization depends on the phosphorylation of the RS domain of the SR protein. (wikipedia.org)
In fungi and plants, dileucine motifs are often responsible for the vacuolar or tonoplast localization of proteins carrying these motifs. (eu.org)

These approaches promise to enable researchers to assess, on a large scale, both expression level and functional state of the proteins that carry out most functions in a cell. (lu.se)
Our aims are to understand how protein quality control pathways distinguish defective from functional proteins, how the decision between repair and elimination is made, and how these processes are activated under stress and pathological conditions. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Proteins represent the functional units of the cell. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
Production of functional proteins also requires the correct flow of information from DNA into RNA and finally into protein. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
The RQC pathway ensures that those aberrant species are committed to degradation, avoiding possible dominant negative effects of proteins lacking functional domains, and avoiding unnecessary burden to the post-ribosomal protein folding machinery. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
The biogenesis of functional, stable proteins comprises multiple steps (left column). (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
Aravind L & Koonin EV 1999 Gleaning non-trivial structural, functional and evolutionary information about proteins by iterative database searches. (jmolbiochem.com)
Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)

NO production in response to various factors, such as increased shear stress, is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and is tightly controlled by various membrane-bound receptors and regulatory proteins under physiological conditions ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

After initial binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on the cell surface, the virus binds to its primary receptor called sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) through the large surface protein (LHBsAg) preS1 domain and enters the cytoplasm with the help of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [5, 6]. (ghuhlo.top)

Identification and characterization of new molecular partners for the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). (embl.de)

Moreover, a myriad of cellular stresses ensued by environmental, metabolic, and pathogenic conditions can promote unfolding and aggregation of metastable proteins. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
In yeast, failure of the RQC machinery can result in protein aggregation and disruption of the proteostasis network. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
They protect the cell from irreversible protein aggregation. (uni-greifswald.de)
Because the frequency of protein misfolding, which ultimately results in protein aggregation, varies with the environmental conditions, the amount and activity of protein quality systems have to be accurately adapted to the rate of protein misfolding. (uni-greifswald.de)
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. (actanaturae.ru)
The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)

By taking L-arginine powder and citrulline, metabolic disorder syndrome and unnecessary fat deposition can be reduced in obese people and animals. (mgm-biochem.com)

From an analysis of the PANO1 protein, it was observed that the protein contains a low amount of lysine and a very low amount of asparagine when compared to other human proteins. (wikipedia.org)

A synthetic peptide library for benchmarking crosslinking-mass spectrometry search engines for proteins and protein complexes. (imp.ac.at)

We have described that the RQC quality control pathway is unique in that degradation is largely independent of the folding state of its client proteins, which has important implications for the role of RQC in the production of antigenic peptides ( Figure 1 ). (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
The pie chart shows the relative category distribution of proteins with mono-methylated arginine identified from peptides generated from a MethylScan ® LC-MS/MS experiment of HCT 116 cells using PTMScan ® Mono-Methyl Arginine (mme-RG) Immunoaffinity Beads. (cellsignal.com)
The Motif Logo was generated from a MethylScan ® LC-MS/MS experiment using 722 nonredundant tryptic peptides derived from human HCT 116 cells immunoprecipitated with PTMScan ® Mono-Methyl Arginine motif [mme-RG] Immunoaffinity Beads. (cellsignal.com)
Of the total methylated arginine peptides, 68% contain the [mme-RG] motif. (cellsignal.com)
Peptides are then subjected to immunoaffinity purification using a PTMScan ® Motif Antibody conjugated to protein A agarose beads. (cellsignal.com)

Endocytosis and/or vesicular sorting signals for membrane proteins. (eu.org)
Adaptin-binding acidic dileucine motifs and variants thereof occur almost exclusively on the cytosolic side of membrane proteins, mostly integral (transmembrane) proteins. (eu.org)
The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)

Failures during the protein folding and assembly steps, as well as mature protein damage, are sensed by a large number of quality control pathways relying on structural cues to select proteins for degradation. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)
RNF12 mediated ubiquitylation of REX1 leads to REX1 protein degradation. (biologists.com)
NO can increase the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and translocate it to neutral fat granules, thereby activating fat degradation. (mgm-biochem.com)

We found that MeCP2 is (di)methylated on several arginines and that this modification alters heterochromatin organization. (tu-darmstadt.de)
The method can be used for automated detection of chemical/post- translational modifications, quality control of experiments and labelling approaches, and to control the modification settings of protein identification tools. (lu.se)

SR proteins are ~200-600 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS domain. (wikipedia.org)
The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of NleH2 provided bases for interaction with host proteins. (northwestern.edu)

Ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) is involved in protein biosynthesis as a component of the ribosome complex and possesses endonuclease activity to repair damaged DNA. (bmbreports.org)

However, McsB activity is also tightly regulated by three different regulatory proteins (McsA/ClpC/YwlE). (uni-greifswald.de)

Human PANO1 protein has a molecular weight of 22.8 kb and a theoretical, isoelectric point of 12.21. (wikipedia.org)
Arginine and molecular oxygen generate NO under the catalysis of NOS and its cofactors. (mgm-biochem.com)

PANO1 is an apoptosis inducing protein that is able to regulate the function of tumor suppressor. (wikipedia.org)

Of all the proteins that are available in the cell cytosol, 10% of them undergo phosphorylation. (vedantu.com)

Translation of defective non-stop mRNAs results in truncated proteins that are likely to be dysfunctional. (cmmc-uni-koeln.de)

Methylglyoxal is responsible for post translational protein modifications, that result in advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which are associated with aging and disease. (promegaconnections.com)
These compounds can react with arginine and lysine to produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are biomarkers associated with aging and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, diabetes and others. (promegaconnections.com)

Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, viral particles empty of the genome are produced by S proteins, which can be active in modulating immune responses during replication. (ghuhlo.top)

In this reaction, ATP has the main function as it works as a phosphoryl donor or the phosphorylation reaction and acts as a reagent for hydrolysis of phosphoryl group in the dephosphorylation reaction. (vedantu.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs150

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes52

Information Science3

Methylation14

Kinase29

Residues13

Acetylation1

Methyltransferases4

Oxidative phosphorylation3

MRNA21

Transcription9

Conserved family of proteins1

Signaling pathway3

Kinases11

Mechanism5

Glycolysis4

Genes3

Enzymes2

Intrinsically disordered proteins1

Putative1

Post-translationa5

Tyrosine1

PTMs8

Regulation8

Transcriptional1

Groups to lysine1

Synthesis7

Human proteome2

Histone proteins1

Adaptor proteins1

Serine-threonine1

Interactions8

Regulates1

Proteome1

Eukaryotic2

Nucleus10

Nuclear4

Constitutive and alternative1

Sequences2

Stimulates1

Cellular proteins3

Gene8

Localization2

Functional9

Nitric Oxide1

Cytoplasm1

Methyltransferase1

Aggregation6

Citrulline1

Asparagine1

Mass spectrometry1

Peptides5

Membrane proteins3

Degradation3

Modification2

Motif2

Biosynthesis1

Regulatory proteins1

Molecular2

Apoptosis1

Cytosol1

MRNAs1

Glycation2

Genome2

Dephosphorylation1