Prostatic malignant stem cells clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The study was carried out in 6 normal, 44 benign prostatic hyperplastic and 39 cancerous human prostates. (biomedcentral.com)
Study of prostate tumor profiles showed that the profile (PSA+, PSMA-) expression levels decreased between normal prostate, benign prostatic tissue and primary prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
He had a history of acute myocardial infarction and benign prostatic hyperplasia under medical treatment. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
POT1 mutation carriers had a range of benign and malignant neoplasms involving epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal tissues in addition to B- and T-cell lymphoma and myeloid cancers. (cdc.gov)
Background Gene expression profiling has shown that the mRNA for CD24 is overexpressed in prostate carcinomas (Pca) in comparison to benign or regular prostate epithelial cells. (tam-receptor.com)

It is now accepted that the formation of solid tumors requires the proliferation of stromal cells to support cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis [ 5 ] and that the stromal cell compartment comprises a heterogeneous mix of cell types responsible for the formation of blood vessels as well as supporting a microenvironment commensurate with tumor growth and proliferation. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, cell culture studies have demonstrated endosialin to be directly involved in regulating cellular proliferation [ 13 ] and in a subset of cells this proliferation appears to involve the PDGFR- β pathway [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aberrant prostate growth arises as a consequence of changes in the balance between cell proliferation and cell death [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
AASS expression was significantly reduced in human breast cancer, and AASS overexpression or acetoacetate treatment inhibited proliferation and induced autophagy and senescence in human breast cancer cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
Reduced PARP5B expression inhibited tumor growth, induced primary tumor differentiation and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Its product is a GTP-binding protein which probably activates phospholipase C that generates the internal promoter diazylglycerol for kinase C, thus signalizing cell proliferation [14-16]. (science-connections.com)
An essential process for promotion of metastasis is cancer cell invasion, which is controlled by several biological factors, most notably tumour proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
The PI3K-PTEN pathway promotes cell survival and proliferation, increases in cell size, and chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
These interactions begin during the early stages of embryonic development and coordinate events such as cell proliferation and differentiation in complex tissues, crucial processes for the functional maintenance of whole organs [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CCK-8, plate colony formation and EdU assays were performed to assess the cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, SNHG4 or RRM2 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest and cell senescence, and inhibited DNA damage repair and cell proliferation, and the effects can be partially reversed by let-7a knockdown or RRM2 reoverexpression. (biomedcentral.com)
Low levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation but high levels induce cell death [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), both GHR106 Mabs and the GnRH decapeptide antagonist, Antide, were shown to be bioequivalent in terms of their respective effects on genes involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. (annexpublishers.co)
Anti-proliferation effects of GnRH or its analogs on cancer cells of different human tissue origins have been reported and have been the molecular basis for cancer therapy [ 4 , 7-9 ]. (annexpublishers.co)
First described in 1848, MM is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein). (medscape.com)

Although the PSMA have been noted in a subset of non prostatic tissues (small intestine, proximal renal tubule), the level of expression of PSMA in these tissues is less than in prostate tissue [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
[12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
These properties include lack of pathogenicity and pathology, ease of preparation and purification, long term expression in many tissues including the muscle, and lack of a detrimental cell-mediated immune response. (justia.com)
The chimeric virus can also have a reduced transduction capability with respect to one or more cells or tissues (e.g., liver), which can be desirable in terms of targeting the vector to the target tissue of interest and reducing dosage of vector to be administered. (justia.com)
CB1 and CB2 have been cloned and characterized from mammalian tissues, the main difference between them being their tissue expression pattern [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
CD45 is absent on non-hematopoietic cell lines, normal and malignant, non-hematopoietic tissues. (thermofisher.com)
In a vast majority of organs, distinct epithelial tissues form the parenchyma, whereas the stroma constitutes a complex compartment composed of different cell types including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, vessel cells, pericytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent studies revealed that GnRH and its receptor also play extra-pituitary roles in numerous normal and malignant cells or tissues, the mechanisms of which are still being actively explored [ 4-6 ]. (annexpublishers.co)

In general colonic carcinosarcomas constitute a rare category of malignant neoplasms whose nature is still incompletely understood. (klinikitsekoura.gr)

Its activity is also high in animal and human melanoma [19, 20], the cells of which are probably all derived from the neural crest cell-system. (science-connections.com)

We have not identified cancer in sponges, but ,src was found highly active in the sponges which, because of the autonomy of their cells, can be considered to grow as independently as tumors. (science-connections.com)
Success of conventional chemotherapeutic regiment is based on the principle that tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy because a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any given time. (justia.com)
Unresponsiveness may result, at least in part, because these therapies only target cancer cells and neglect the complex microenvironment around tumors that undergo drastic changes during disease development [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The biological importance of activation targets of Nanog, Oct4, SOX-2, and c-Myc in CSCs, which are more frequently overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors, has been shown by correlating signature characteristics of these cells and poor survival [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
ATM inhibition affected cell-cycle regulatory protein expression, blocked cell-cycle progression at the G2/M phase and resulted in apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
CD45 is also important in promoting cell survival by modulating integrin-mediated signal transduction pathway, DNA fragmentation during apoptosis and inhibition or upregulation of various immunological functions. (thermofisher.com)
In addition to inducing necrosis and apoptosis, ROS induces autophagic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
Similar to decapeptide GnRH analogs, both Mabs were shown to induce apoptosis to cultured cancer cells of various tissue origins, including those from the ovary, breast, prostate, and lung. (annexpublishers.co)

Pericytes and stromal fibroblasts derive from mesenchymal stem cells [ 3 ] and, as such, endosialin has been described as a mesenchymal marker. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their mimics from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising drug carriers to improve cancer treatment, but their application is hindered by donor variations and expansion limitations of conventional tissue-derived MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Endosialin, also known as Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1) or CD248, was first described as a vascular endothelial cell surface antigen in human fetal fibroblasts [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
This deregulation may result in production of prostate specific markers such as the secreted protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the cell surface prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
PARP5B null SCC expresses a multiprotein complex containing PML, pRPA, Rad50, Rad51, XRCC1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Mcm2, suggesting an HR-mediated repair mechanism at DNA replication foci. (bvsalud.org)
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
CD45 (LCA, leukocyte common antigen) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ubiquitously expressed in all nucleated hematopoietic cells, comprising approximately 10% of all surface proteins in lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
CD45 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling and suppresses JAK kinases to regulate cytokine receptor signaling. (thermofisher.com)
This importance is focussed on the target binding site - epitope, where epitope selection as a part of design thinking beyond traditional antigen selection using whole cell or whole protein immunisation can positively impact success. (preprints.org)
Many of these factors stem from the location of the epitope that can affect accessibility of the antibody to the epitope at a cellular or molecular level, direct inhibition of target antigen activity, conservation of function despite escape mutations, and even non-competitive inhibition sites. (preprints.org)

A mechanistic study indicated that HIF-2α might regulate the binding of twist1 to vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) to promote VM formation in pancreatic cancer cells, and that the P1 (-421bp) and P4 (-2110bp) regions of the Twist1 binding sequences are positive regulatory elements for VE-cadherin. (oncotarget.com)

Pericytes are essential to the process of angiogenesis, especially neoangiogenesis, and serve as scaffolding for endothelial cells but also communicate with endothelial cells by direct physical contact and paracrine signaling pathways [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) are taken up by cancer cells more efficiently than synthetic nanoparticles through active endocytosis pathways such as enhanced macropinocytosis (cell drinking) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of this network shows that it recapitulates known features of the human immune system and can be used uncover novel multi-step immune pathways, examine species-specific differences in immune processes, and predict the response of immune cells to stimuli. (stanford.edu)

deletion of PPARÎ³ in mammary epithelium which is a tumor suppressor in lean mice unexpectedly increased tumor latency, reduced the luminal progenitor (LP) tumor cell fraction, and increased autophagic and senescent cells. (bvsalud.org)
This means that other fast dividing cells such as those responsible for hair growth and for replacement of the intestinal epithelium (lining) are also affected. (justia.com)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
Genetic or pharmacologic HDAC inhibition promoted autophagy and senescence in mammary tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are more selectively taken up by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells in vitro compared with EVs, membrane-only EV-mimetic nanoghosts and liposomes, which is not affected by storage for up to 6 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SNHG4 overexpression markedly enhanced cell resistance to enzalutamide. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies have identified pericytes and reactive fibroblasts, two essential cell types required for tumor survival and growth, as the major sites of expression of endosialin. (hindawi.com)
Cell survival. (lookformedical.com)
It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
The tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell-survival signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Autophagy usually serves as a survival mechanism in response to stress conditions, but excessive induction of autophagy results in cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

BK channels are activated by both cell membrane depolarization and increases in intracellular calcium, allowing them to function as coincidence detectors that integrate intracellular calcium levels and membrane voltage. (health-e-nc.org)
CD45 isoforms differ in their ability to translocate into the glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domains and their expression depends on cell type and physiological state of the cell. (thermofisher.com)
Moreover, EVs and NVs are favorable drug carriers to overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells caused by the increase of drug efflux via hyperactive membrane transporters. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared with free drugs taken up mainly by passive diffusion through the cell membrane, drugs carried by EVs and NVs are released distal to the cell membrane and therefore less likely to be extruded by membrane transporters [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), both types I and II, is a decapeptide hormone that stimulates the release of gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary through specific binding to the GnRH receptor located on the external membrane of selected cell types [ 1-3 ]. (annexpublishers.co)

Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells. (lookformedical.com)

Endosialin (CD248, TEM-1) is expressed in pericytes, tumor vasculature, tumor fibroblasts, and some tumor cells, including sarcomas, with limited normal tissue expression, and appears to play a key role in tumor-stromal interactions, including angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
The term carcinosarcoma implies a mixed malignant tumor that is composed of an epithelial element, typically the common form of carcinoma seen in the tissue harboring the neoplasm, close to or intermixed with a sarcomatous component. (klinikitsekoura.gr)

Unfortunately, scientists have yet to be able to locate specific features of malignant and immune cells that would make them uniquely targetable (barring some recent examples, such as the Philadelphia chromosome as targeted by imatinib). (justia.com)
A growing body of evidence points to the importance of the functional diversity of immune and structural cells during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
However, both Mabs were also found to induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) reaction for lysis of cancer cells, an immune property which is not shared by peptide analogs of GnRH. (annexpublishers.co)

PARP5B null tumor cells lacked 53BP1+ double-strand break foci, ATM activation, and p53 induction compared to PARP5B+/+ cancers. (bvsalud.org)
Some persons with clonal hematopoiesis are at increased risk for the development of myeloid cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes, a risk that increases as the hematopoietic clone expands in size.16 Stopping this expansion may delay or avert leukemic progression, and therapeutic approaches to this end are being developed and tested. (cdc.gov)
In particular we use tightly integrated computational and experimental, multi-omic approaches to discover the processes underlying how cells behave (or misbehave) and accordingly how cancers develop and grow. (stanford.edu)

Our results suggest that overexpression of IRS-1 promotes cells growth, inhibits basal autophagy, reduces oxidative stress-induced autophagy, and diminishes oxidative stress-mediated autophagy-dependent cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

To better understand this clinical finding, we characterized a PARP5B null mutation in a carcinogen-induced in vivo head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, the squamous stratification Felbamate programme, while essential for pores and skin epidermal development and barrier formation, may, when jeopardized, predispose an individual to pores and skin immunologic deregulations or malignant transformations (once we will discuss later on). (columbiagypsy.net)

Knockdown of autophagy-related gene 5 inhibited basal autophagy and diminished oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm emerged from investigating a subpopulation of less-differentiated CD34+/CD38- cells possessing stem cell-like renewal ability and robust malignant-initiating capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [ 1 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Several drug therapies are valuable in the treatment of symptomatic MM. Clinicians treat many patients with high-dose therapy and peripheral blood or bone marrow stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

Progress in microenvironment genetic studies represents a formidable opportunity for the development of new selective drugs because stromal cells have lower mutation rates than malignant cells, and should prove to be good targets for therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular embodiments, the chimeric viruses of the invention have enhanced transduction capability (e.g., transduction of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, glial cells, astrocytes, liver, retina and/or lung, etc.), enhanced levels of transgene expression and/or earlier onset of transgene expression. (justia.com)

The coordinated growth and cross-talk between stromal cell components are critical for establishing a microenvironment that can support the growth and maintenance of tumor cells. (hindawi.com)
In this sense, the lack of technologies that would allow for molecular screening of individual stromal cell types poses a major challenge for the development of therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a blood supply modality that occurs independently of endothelial cell angiogenesis. (oncotarget.com)

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
During the past decades, an increasing body of work has shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, it is of great importance to investigate the mechanisms that induce enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. (oaepublish.com)

New strategies including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors explore molecular targets that are normally deregulated in cancer cells, and represent a new hope for patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a debilitating malignancy that is part of a spectrum of diseases ranging from monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance ( MGUS ) to plasma cell leukemia. (medscape.com)

CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)

These data suggest that these markers are regulated differentially and the difference in their expression showed a correlation with malignant transformation. (biomedcentral.com)

NBS1 overexpression in these cells inhibited the effects of low-dose etoposide/XAV939 treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Overexpression of IRS-1 resulted in inhibition of basal autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress-induced autophagy and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

Numerous factors localize at telomeres to regulate their length, structure and function, to avert replicative senescence or genome instability and cell death. (cdc.gov)
Senescence-associated β-Gal assay was used to detect the cell senescence level. (biomedcentral.com)

Because chemotherapy affects cell division, both normal and cancerous cells are susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. (justia.com)
The present invention provides a novel approach to cancer therapy by providing a method to differentially enhance the resistance of normal cells to chemotherapeutic agents, thereby, improving the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancerous cells. (justia.com)

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION . (lookformedical.com)
Cells generate partially reduced forms of oxygen, collectively referred to as "reactive oxygen species" (ROS), during respiration and enzymatic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, many of the studies in our group are investigating fundamental physiological processes and thus are generally applicable to a range of cell-types and diseases. (stanford.edu)

The HNS is an ideal model system to study compartmentalization of channel properties because the three neuronal domains (dendrite, cell body, and nerve terminal) can be easily distinguished from one another. (health-e-nc.org)

The induced differential stress resistance results in improved resistance to cytotoxicity in normal cells, which, in turn, reduces cytotoxic side-effects due to chemotherapy, as well as improved effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. (justia.com)
In particular, the present invention provides methods for enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inducing differential stress resistance in normal cells and cancer cells via short-term starvation, cell growth inhibitors, or reduced caloric or glucose intake. (justia.com)
By making normal cells more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, a patient's tolerance for cytotoxicity is improved, which, in turn, also improves the effectiveness of chemotherapy. (justia.com)
Cancer cells produce greater levels of ROS than normal cells do because of increased metabolic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)

Until recently, the treatment of cancer has been largely focused on the development of therapeutic agents or techniques that kill cancer cells. (justia.com)
This lack of success may result in part from the fact that most studies focus on tumor cells as potential therapeutic targets and neglect the complex microenvironment that undergoes profound changes during tumor development. (biomedcentral.com)
In this way, tumor microenvironment cells could represent an extremely attractive therapeutic target either along the course of the disease or during the first steps of malignant transformation. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence for GO induced autophagy includes increased levels of isoform B-II microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), aggregation of green fluorescence protein-tagged LC3, and increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles in cells. (biomedcentral.com)

RESULTS: ATM inhibition increased double-strand DNA breaks at replication foci in HNC cell lines. (bvsalud.org)

The selective uptake of fluorescently labeled nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells was examined with flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
Both Mabs in murine (mGHR106) or humanized (hGHR106) forms were shown to have comparable specificity and affinity to intact GnRH receptor on cancer cells or to N1-29 synthetic peptides from humans and monkeys. (annexpublishers.co)

Cellular interactions lie at the core of metazoan physiology and encompass an effective and elegant signaling repertoire that integrates up to trillions of cells in a single organism. (biomedcentral.com)

His original idea, presented in 1902, was called totipotentiality: "Theoretically all plant cells are able to give rise to a complete plant. (wikipedia.org)
To circumvent these issues, we made EV-mimicking nanovesicles from standardized MSCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a theoretically limitless expandability, and examined the targeting capacity of these nanovesicles to prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Stromal cells lacking CAVIN1 enhance prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. (aacrjournals.org)

We show that depletion of CAVIN1 in prostate stromal cells markedly reduces their lipid droplet accumulation and increases inflammation. (aacrjournals.org)

In another aspect, the invention features methods of contacting a cancer cell with a chemotherapy agent and methods of increasing resistance of a non-cancer cell to a chemotherapy agent. (justia.com)

MATERIALS AND METHODS: p53-Binding protein 1 and phosphorylated ATM were localized in cultured cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. (bvsalud.org)

For example, most chemotherapeutic drugs work by impairing mitosis (cell division), effectively targeting fast-dividing cells. (justia.com)

Here, we have utilized a unique system, the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system (HNS), which allows us to examine dendrites, cell bodies, and individual nerve terminals within the same population of magnocellular neurons. (health-e-nc.org)
The cell bodies of these neurons are clustered in groups, called nuclei. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Anatomy17

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Phenomena and Processes5

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Proliferation16

Tissues11

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Knockdown1

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Correlation1

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