SynthaseCyclooxygenasePTGS2ThromboxaneConversion of arachidonic acidPGE2Series 2 prostaglandinsBiosynthesisThromboxanesBiologically activeFattyEnzymePGG2InflammatoryAcidsSpecificallyMechanismHumanIndividualArachidonicAntiinflammatory drugsReceptorsSynthetaseInhibitsPGF2SynthesisSubstancesReactionLevels
Synthase10
- Background Misregulation from the PTGS (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, also called cyclooxygenase or COX) pathway can lead to the deposition of pro-inflammatory indicators, which takes its hallmark of tumor. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
- Therefore, COX - also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1 - is implicated in the production of fever, inflammation, and pain. (medscape.com)
- Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
- In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)
- Image analysis of the matched maps identified 7 proteins that were either over- or down-expressed: activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK), alpha tubulin (×2), prostaglandin f2-alpha synthase, protein disulfide isomerase, vesicular transport protein and a hypothetical protein. (who.int)
- A common feature of all EGF-like domains is that they are found in the extracellular domain of membrane-bound proteins or in proteins known to be secreted (exception: prostaglandin G/H synthase). (embl.de)
- The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- It has a role as an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-narcotic analgesic. (guidechem.com)
- Effect of PRP on endometrial cell proliferation and on the expression of genes [prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( COX2 ), tumor protein p53 ( TP53 ), oestrogen receptors ( ER-α and ER-β ), progesterone receptor ( PR ) and c-Myc ] involved in the regulation of oestrus cycle and fetal-maternal interaction were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
- The expression of genes such as interleukin 1β ( IL-1β ), interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ), inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS ), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 ( COX2/PTGS2 ), and the release of PGE-2, IL-1β and IL-8 were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclooxygenase4
- Enantiomerically pure levuglandin (LG) E2 can also be formed through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway by a rearrangement of the prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide PGH 2. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (medscape.com)
- A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. (drugbank.com)
- A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. (lookformedical.com)
PTGS21
- PTGS2 (COX-2), converts arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin endoperoxide H2. (wikipedia.org)
Thromboxane6
- The synthesized PGH2 is converted to prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), or thromboxane A2 by tissue-specific isomerases. (wikipedia.org)
- Terutroban is a thromboxane/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist. (chemspider.com)
- in vivo: Terutroban is a selective antagonist of the thromboxane/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor, in preventing retinal ischaemia in a model of diabetes in rats. (chemspider.com)
- 1989. Adenosine produces pulmonary vasoconstriction in sheep: Evidence for thromboxane A2- prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor activation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Pulmonary vascular effects of prostaglandin D2 but not its systemic vascular or airway effects are mediated through thromboxane receptor activation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- There is an overwhelming mass of evidence demonstrating the development of endothelial dysfunction in animal models of diabetes and in human blood vessels from diabetic patients, as evidenced by increased release of reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, decreased release of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and enhanced endothelial production of vasoconstrictor thromboxane (Tx)A 2 /prostaglandin (PG)H 2 in early stages of diabetes ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Conversion of arachidonic acid2
- It is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of prostacyclin, which is expressed in inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- The PTGS (COX) enzymes catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins in two steps. (wikipedia.org)
PGE22
- Though spontaneous rearrangements of PGH2 are known to generate prostaglandins (PG) PGD2 and PGE2. (wikipedia.org)
- DNA methylation modifications specifically affect the tumor cells (both adenomas and carcinomas), redirecting the transcriptional deregulation to activation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) function and blockade of additional biologically energetic prostaglandins. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
Series 2 prostaglandins2
- By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
- It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins. (drugbank.com)
Biosynthesis1
- However, the physiologic significance of prostaglandin production did not unfold until 1971, when Vane, Smith, and Willis discovered that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
Thromboxanes1
- A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. (mcw.edu)
Biologically active1
- The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. (lookformedical.com)
Fatty2
- Two decades later, the prostaglandins were deduced to be a family of related compounds that contain 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cyclopentane ring, as depicted below. (medscape.com)
- Bergström stated in his 1982 Nobel lecture that, following the structural assignments of the six PGs, "These 20-carbon prostaglandins have cis -double bonds located as in certain essential fatty acids, when counting from the carboxyl. (jci.org)
Enzyme2
- Aceclofenac potently inhibits the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX) that is involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators that cause pain, swelling, inflammation, and fever. (guidechem.com)
- Moncada S, Gryglewski R, Bunting S, Vane JR. An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. (ish-world.com)
PGG21
- The absence of endoperoxide-containing products derived from 10,10-difluoroarachidonic acid has been thought to indicate the importance of a C-10 carbocation in PGG2 synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory1
- Ben A.P., Crofford L.J., Wilder R.L., and Hla T., (1995) Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis. (ncl.edu.tw)
Acids1
- He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
Specifically1
- The work is about the discovery of the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and specifically in platelet function. (ish-world.com)
Mechanism1
- However, the cationic mechanism requires that endoperoxide formation comes before the removal of the 13-pro (S )-hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
- Since their discovery in the mid 1930s as potent bioactive compounds in human semen ( 1 ), prostaglandins and their relatives have fascinated several generations of scientists. (jci.org)
Individual1
- Structures of the first six prostaglandins (PGs) were established by 1962, before their individual biosynthetic pathways were studied. (jci.org)
Arachidonic1
- By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
Antiinflammatory drugs2
- This enzyme catalyzes the committed step in the production of prostaglandins and is the molecular target for non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. (vanderbilt.edu)
- Current work focuses on the generation of novel antiinflammatory drugs with additional pharmacological functions and on investigations of the chemistry and biology of COX-2-dependent oxygenation of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonylglycerol, to glyceryl prostaglandins. (vanderbilt.edu)
Receptors2
- TxA 2 secreted from activated platelets binds to specific G-coupled receptors, the TP receptors (thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide PGG 2 -PGH 2 receptors), and serves as an agonist of these receptors. (medscape.com)
- [ 116 ] Antagonism of TP receptors may inhibit platelet function and thrombosis, and also atherogenesis, by reducing vessel wall inflammation and proliferation induced by TP agonists TxA 2 , PG endoperoxides, and isoprostanes secreted by activated platelets, circulating monocytes and macrophages resident in the plaques. (medscape.com)
Synthetase1
- Specifically, PHS found that Dr. Smith falsified and fabricated data involving research into the physical interaction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase-2 (PGHS-2) with cell membranes, and the effects of arachidonate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on PGHS-2 structure. (nih.gov)
Inhibits1
- Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 )) is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet function. (bmj.com)
PGF21
- They decrease menstrual pain by decreasing intrauterine pressure and lowering prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels in menstrual fluid. (medscape.com)
Synthesis2
- The absence of endoperoxide-containing products derived from 10,10-difluoroarachidonic acid has been thought to indicate the importance of a C-10 carbocation in PGG2 synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Because the pain results from uterine vasoconstriction, anoxia, and contractions mediated by prostaglandins, symptomatic relief can often be obtained by using agents that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. (medscape.com)
Substances1
- He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
Reaction1
- Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O. (planteome.org)
Levels1
- The levels of prostaglandin E2 in orbital fibroblasts induced by IL‑1β were also suppressed by celastrol. (spandidos-publications.com)