• Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. (wikipedia.org)
  • CH2CH2)O + KCl + H2O}}} Wurtz measured the boiling point of ethylene oxide as 13.5 °C (56.3 °F), slightly higher than the present value, and discovered the ability of ethylene oxide to react with acids and salts of metals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ethylene oxide achieved industrial importance during World War I as a precursor to both the coolant ethylene glycol and the chemical weapon mustard gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are among the highest volume products in our industry, with annual production rates of 15 and 3 Mt per year, respectively. (rsc.org)
  • andT is the divalent acyl residue of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid of 13 to 60 carbon atoms;and which contains at least one moiety of formula (IV) and at least one moiety T. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Ethylene oxide achieved industrial importance during World War I as a precursor to both the coolant ethylene glycol and the chemical weapon mustard gas. (wikipedia.org)
  • EP 0 234 401 A1 describes the reaction of ethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of a ruthenium carbonyl compound. (justia.com)
  • Methods for preparing water soluble, non-peptidic polymers carrying carboxyl functional groups, particularly carboxylic acid functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers, are disclosed, as are the products of these methods. (allindianpatents.com)
  • This invention relates to methods for preparing water soluble, non-peptidic polymers carrying carboxyl functional groups, particularly carboxylic acid functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives activated with electrophilic groups are useful for coupling to nucleophilic groups, such as amino groups, of biologically active molecules. (allindianpatents.com)
  • cited above, employ a method of synthesizing mPEG carboxylic acids which comprises converting mPEG-OH to an ethyl ester of mPEG carboxylic acid, by base-catalyzed reaction of mPEG-OH with an a-halo ethyl ester, followed by base-promoted hydrolysis of the ester. (allindianpatents.com)
  • PEG carboxylic acids obtained commercially frequently contain residual amounts of PEG-OH, which complicates the preparation of derivatives or bioconjugates based on these materials. (allindianpatents.com)
  • 5,278,303, 5,605,976 and 5,681,567 report the preparation of PEG carboxylic acids containing little or no starting material (PEG alcohol) by employing a tertiary alkyl haloacetate to prepare a tertiary alkyl ester-fonctionalized PEG, which is then hydrolyzed with acid, preferably trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). (allindianpatents.com)
  • Carboxylic Acids A considerable number of carboxylic acids are present in tobacco and tobacco smoke. (nih.gov)
  • The composition of the fraction of volatile carboxylic acids (Ci to Cs) is a determining factor in the flavor of tobacco varieties. (nih.gov)
  • Flue- cured tobaccos are often high in acetic acid, whereas benzoic acid predominates in Burley tobaccos. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, active esters and other carboxylic acid derivatives of PEG have been used to attach PEG to proteins bearing amino groups. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Such carboxyl-terminated PEGs are used to prepare active esters suitable for conjugation to proteins or other molecules bearing amino groups. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of residual trifluoroacetic acid results in poor product stability, due to degradation of the polymer caused by acid-promoted autoxidation. (allindianpatents.com)
  • However, this approach provides mPEG acids of only about 85% purity, with the main contaminant being mPEG-OH, which cannot be separated from the mPEG carboxylic acid using typical purification methods such as precipitation, crystallization or extraction. (allindianpatents.com)
  • Transfer rates of unchanged fatty acids from tobacco into main- stream smoke can be up to 20 percent, especially for the saturated fatty acids of Cis-Cis chain length. (nih.gov)