• This household study identifies risk factors of infection by the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. (medscape.com)
  • What patient factors were predictors of adverse outcomes among children diagnosed with h1n1 during the 2009 pandemic? (medscape.com)
  • Nonetheless, after the 2004 recommendation, estimated annual influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women was approximately 15%, before increasing to nearly 50% during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To assess maternal and infant outcomes among severely ill pregnant and postpartum women with 2009 H1N1 during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, CDC analyzed data for the period April 15, 2009 to August 10, 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • These data document the severe effects of 2009 H1N1 on pregnant women and their infants, emphasize the importance of vaccinating pregnant women against influenza ( 3 ,5 ), and demonstrate the value of prompt administration of antivirals to pregnant women with suspected or confirmed influenza ( 5, 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Women were assumed to be infected with 2009 H1N1 when influenza type was not available, based on U.S. virologic surveillance data that suggested nearly all influenza activity during this time was 2009 H1N1 ( 2,7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In northern Africa, Influenza activity decreased in Tunisia with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 most frequently detected followed by influenza B viruses while Morocco reported sporadic cases of influenza A and B. (who.int)
  • In Western Asia, influenza activity continued to decrease in Qatar with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses most frequently detected and in Saudi Arabia with influenza B predominantly circulating. (who.int)
  • The epidemiological mechanisms behind the W-shaped age-specific influenza mortality during the Spanish influenza (H1N1) pandemic 1918-19 have yet to be fully clarified. (hindawi.com)
  • There have been three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, initially observed in 1918, 1957, and 1968, respectively, referred to as the Spanish (H1N1), Asian (H2N2), and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • i) The influenza (H1N1) virus responsible for the 1918-19 pandemic was closely related to foregoing H1N1 virus(es) that might have widely circulated earlier than 1918. (hindawi.com)
  • During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and the 2014 Ebola virus epidemic, the commercial supply chain of pharmaceutical and healthcare products quickly became critical response components. (cdc.gov)
  • The National Pandemic Flu Service (NPFS) has issued antiviral drugs to patients with an influenza-like illness who call or log onto the internet site without direct clinical assessment or virological evidence of infection with novel H1N1 (1). (bmj.com)
  • Number of laboratory-confirmed new influenza A (H1N1) cases and deaths reported to WHO as of 20 May 2009, 16:00 GMT. (who.int)
  • The newly emerged influenza A (H1N1) strain which has not not circulated previously in humans is easily transmitted from one person to another and from one country to another. (who.int)
  • Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)
  • Most cases present with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, headache, general body weakness and tiredness.2 In addition, diarrhoea which is not a known characteristic of seasonal influenza has been reported among confirmed cases in many countries.3 A substantial proportion of the severe cases in the new influenza A (H1N1) outbreak involve young and healthy adults, unlike in seasonal influenza. (who.int)
  • On 11 June 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza was declared to be a pandemic (Stage 6) by the WHO after evidence of spreading in the southern hemisphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 13 November 2009 worldwide update by the WHO stated that "[a]s of 8 November 2009, worldwide more than 206 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported [503,536] laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 6,250 deaths. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective To determine whether any association exists between exposure to 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccination during pregnancy and negative health outcomes in early childhood. (bmj.com)
  • Compared to the cumulative influenza-associated hospitalization rate during the H1N1 pandemic year of 2009-2010 from our historic FluSurv-NET data in blue. (cdc.gov)
  • 9 for H1N1 influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses that are resistant to oseltamivir have a genetic change that changes their neuraminidase. (cdc.gov)
  • Maureen Marshall] In your article, you discuss the oseltamivir resistance trends in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and seasonal influenza A (H1N1). (cdc.gov)
  • However, when identified, the resistant pandemic viruses have the same genetic change we saw in the resistant seasonal H1N1 viruses: the H275Y substitution. (cdc.gov)
  • During the pandemic, almost all of the oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 viruses appeared to occur during antiviral treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, last year, most of the pandemic H1N1 viruses with resistance didn't come from people who had previously been treated with oseltamivir. (cdc.gov)
  • Aaron Storms] For now, the levels of oseltamivir resistance in pandemic H1N1 remain very low, so the recommendations for the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir, another antiviral drug that can be used to treat flu, remain unchanged. (cdc.gov)
  • Aaron Storms] Most of (the) oseltamivir resistance that we're finding in pandemic H1N1 viruses is not associated with drug use. (cdc.gov)
  • A new study published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal - www.cmaj.ca/cgi/doi/10.1503/cmaj.091884) concerning the severity of H1N1 influenza has found that admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) were associated with a longer interval between symptom onset and treatment with antivirals and with presence of an underlying medical condition. (disabled-world.com)
  • Among a sample of participants of all ages, the antibody testing of stored sera specimens from NHANES 2007-2008 was conducted to determine population levels of pre-pandemic cross reactive antibody to the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus and related influenza A/H1N1 viruses prior to the spread of the novel 2009 H1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • This data release contains the hemagglutination inhibition assay titers to 2009 H1N1 and two past H1N1 influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody titers against 2009 H1N1 and two past H1N1 influenza viruses were measured with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay following standard procedures by Focus Diagnositcs, Inc., Cypress, CA. (cdc.gov)
  • H1GMT2009 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/California/7/2009. (cdc.gov)
  • H1GMT2007 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/Brisbane/59/2007. (cdc.gov)
  • H1GMT1976 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/New Jersey/8/1976. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2010 Victorian influenza season was characterized by normal seasonal influenza activity and the dominance of the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 strain. (who.int)
  • The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza tested 403 isolates of which 261 were positive for influenza, 250 of which were influenza A and 11 were influenza B. Ninety-two per cent of the influenza A viruses were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009, and following antigenic analysis all of these were found to be similar to the current vaccine strain. (who.int)
  • Victoria was the first Australian jurisdiction to report widespread transmission - particularly among schoolchildren - when pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 emerged in mid-2009. (who.int)
  • The H1N1 flu that reached pandemic proportions in 2009 first spent some time circulating among pigs in Asia, Europe and North America. (popsci.com)
  • Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
  • 14 Prevention of influenza can offset the surges seen in ED utilization during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. (emra.org)
  • Many national and international health agencies recommended the use of face masks during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. (cambridge.org)
  • Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico in early 2009 and rapidly spread worldwide. (cambridge.org)
  • Pandemic vaccine contains only the virus strain that is responsible for the pandemic (e.g. the type A H1N1 for the 2009 to 2010 pandemic). (cochrane.org)
  • This is the case for any type of virus, be it our 'regular' flu season or potential pandemic threat of H1N1 swine flu. (carahealth.ie)
  • Objective: To determine the proportion of pregnant women in a community-based cohort who received the H1N1 vaccine during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic, and to identify sociodemographic factors that were associated with receiving the vaccine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods: Women in Alberta from a cross-sectional community-based cohort who were participating in a study of prenatal care were asked about their receipt of the 2009 H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccines and whether they had contracted influenza. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 29.4% received both H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccines, 40.8% received only the 2009 H1N1 vaccine, 1.7% received only the seasonal influenza vaccine, and 28.1% did not receive either vaccine Univariable analysis found that receiving the 2009 H1N1 vaccine was significantly associated with household income, education, current employment status, and contentment about the pregnancy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion: During the 2009-2010 pandemic influenza season, over 70% of this cohort received influenza vaccinations, a much higher proportion than seen in previous influenza seasons The majority of women who received the 2009 H1N1 vaccine were likely influenced by the increased media attention given to the 2009-2010 pandemic and the replacement of seasonal vaccine by the 2009 H1N1 vaccine. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we list important facts about H1N1 Influenza(Swine Flu). (aeiro.com)
  • H1N1 Influenza (Formally known as Swine Flu) is the first worldwide flu pandemic of the twenty first century. (aeiro.com)
  • However, the common virus affecting humans these days is a mutated version of Swine Flu and Human Influenza known as H1N1 Influenza. (aeiro.com)
  • For example, in 1918, following a port of call to take on coal in Freetown, South Africa, a staggering 6.6% of the crew of the battleship HMS Africa died from influenza A (H1N1) infection while at sea. (health.mil)
  • however, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Victoria viruses also were reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Among 25,160 seasonal influenza A viruses that were subtyped, 7,465 (29.7%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, and 17,695 (70.3%) were influenza A(H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • While A(H3N2) viruses were more common among all age groups, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses accounted for more than one third (38.9%) of the influenza A detections in persons 25 to 64 years old. (cdc.gov)
  • How effective are seasonal influenza vaccines in tropical communities? (medscape.com)
  • Information considered by the working group included assessments of candidate pandemic vaccines, national and homeland security issues, essential community services and the infrastructure and workforce critical to maintaining them, and the perspectives of state and local public health and homeland security experts. (cdc.gov)
  • Allocation of pandemic vaccines by the U.S. government to states and territories will likely be in proportion to states and territories' populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. (jmir.org)
  • Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. (jmir.org)
  • Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. (jmir.org)
  • Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well. (jmir.org)
  • Increasing the proportion of children who receive all vaccines recommended by the ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices) for universal administration. (hhs.gov)
  • The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has strict processes in place for licensing pandemic vaccines. (checktheevidence.com)
  • In preparing for a pandemic, appropriate trials to assess safety and the immune responses have been carried out on vaccines very similar to the swine flu vaccine. (checktheevidence.com)
  • We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • With the rollout of vaccines against the novel coronavirus and the ebbing of Covid-19, it will be essential to devote our full collective attention to the control of infectious diseases that have long plagued this region and continue to constitute a significant proportion of the avertable disease burden. (eurekalert.org)
  • The influenza vaccines were prepared by treating influenza viruses with a chemical that kills the virus (inactivated virus), and the vaccination was given by injection through the skin. (cochrane.org)
  • We were interested in showing the effects of vaccines on reducing the number of elderly with confirmed influenza, the number who had influenza-like symptoms such as headache, high temperature, cough, and muscle pain (influenza-like illness, of ILI), and harms from vaccination. (cochrane.org)
  • At best, vaccines are only effective against influenza A and B, which represent about 5% of all circulating viruses. (cochrane.org)
  • Inactivated vaccines can reduce the proportion of elderly who have influenza and ILI. (cochrane.org)
  • Older adults receiving the influenza vaccine may experience less influenza over a single season, from 6% to 2.4%, meaning that 30 people would need to be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccines to avoid one case of influenza. (cochrane.org)
  • The impact of influenza vaccines in older people is modest, irrespective of setting, outcome, population, and study design. (cochrane.org)
  • 2. Current policy goals for influenza vaccines focus on increasing production capacity and have not addressed key public health challenges related to the effectiveness of current vaccines. (blogspot.com)
  • 2) ensuring that capacity is available to rapidly produce HA-head vaccines at the onset of an influenza pandemic, and (3) improving vaccine access, particularly in developing countries. (blogspot.com)
  • As seen during past pandemic influenza outbreaks, pharmaceutical interventions (PHIs) with vaccines and antivirals are the most effective methods of mitigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A potent influenza pandemic emergency crisis would likely last much longer than most other emergency events, and the resources needed to address the crisis such as supplies of vaccines, antiviral drugs, healthcare providers, hospital beds and medical supplies would be limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It also includes the composition of the Northern Hemisphere 2023-24 influenza vaccines and a brief update on influenza activity occurring during the summer of 2023 in the Southern Hemisphere. (cdc.gov)
  • Objective.In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines were made available to different countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • Excess deaths in annual epidemics occur mostly in the elderly ( 14 ), but the 1918-1919 Spanish flu pandemic had higher death rates among adults ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)
  • How does the early occurrence of influenza epidemics impact outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses? (medscape.com)
  • Such risk factors did not significantly influence the age-specific death patterns during other pandemics and inter-pandemic influenza epidemics. (hindawi.com)
  • Pregnant women are considered to be at high risk for serious illness due to influenza related mortality and morbidity documented during influenza pandemics and seasonal epidemics. (bmj.com)
  • Influenza A virus is a main cause of winter epidemics that results in increments in respiratory morbidity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
  • Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
  • Influenza pandemics are epidemics that affect a large proportion of the world due to a novel virus. (apaci.asia)
  • In contrast to the regular seasonal epidemics of influenza, these pandemics occur irregularly, with the 1918 Spanish flu the most serious pandemic in recent history. (defilafil.fr)
  • Increased human mobility facilitated epidemics and pandemics that could affect vast areas. (historylink.org)
  • Lebanon, oPt and Yemen reported sporadic cases of both influenza A and B viruses. (who.int)
  • Influenza A viruses can occasionally be transmitted from wild birds to other species, causing outbreaks in domestic poultry, and may give rise to human influenza pandemics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The propagation of influenza viruses throughout the world is thought in part to be by bird migrations, though commercial shipments of live bird products might also be implicated, as well as human travel patterns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now we know that it is caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). (wikipedia.org)
  • In terms of novel influenza viruses, CDC reported five human infections with an influenza virus that usually spreads in pigs and not people (called a variant influenza virus) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Aaron Storms] Resistance of influenza A viruses to antiviral drugs can occur spontaneously or it can emerge during the course of antiviral treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Also, there have been people who get infected with oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses despite never having received oseltamivir in the past. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, CDC monitors these viruses closely for any signs of an increase in the proportion of resistant viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • To tackle these seasonal outbreaks, detailed surveillance mechanisms have been introduced at national and international level, making influenza viruses the most closely monitored viruses on the planet (see Interview below). (pasteur.fr)
  • But the task is a difficult one, since influenza is caused by several different viruses. (pasteur.fr)
  • To complicate things even more, there are variants within each subtype, since influenza viruses are permanently evolving and new strains are constantly emerging (this explains why the vaccine changes each year). (pasteur.fr)
  • The nomenclature for influenza viruses is based on their geographical origin and year of isolation. (pasteur.fr)
  • The global surveillance network for influenza viruses is undoubtedly the oldest and best structured virological surveillance network. (pasteur.fr)
  • We use these samples to search for influenza viruses and also systematically for other major respiratory tract viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (pasteur.fr)
  • We characterize the influenza viruses and determine their genome sequences to see how they are evolving and whether they still match the vaccine. (pasteur.fr)
  • Yet pigs are a crucial petri dish in which influenza viruses evolve. (popsci.com)
  • Public health departments should monitor pigs closely for influenza A viruses, the study authors wrote in their paper, which was published in the September issue of the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases . (popsci.com)
  • Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent small changes (mutations) in their segmented RNA genome over time. (health.govt.nz)
  • The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
  • Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
  • Influenza viruses circulate around the world every year. (cambridge.org)
  • Inactivated vaccine is prepared by treating influenza viruses with a specific chemical agent that 'kills' the virus. (cochrane.org)
  • Humans can be infected with avian influenza (AI) viruses including AI virus subtypes A(H5N1) and A(H7N9). (apaci.asia)
  • Influenza viruses, with the vast silent reservoir in aquatic birds, are impossible to eradicate. (apaci.asia)
  • Ongoing circulation of some avian influenza viruses in poultry, such as A(H5) and A(H7) viruses, are of public health concern as these viruses cause severe disease in humans and the viruses have the potential to mutate to increase transmissibility among humans. (apaci.asia)
  • Currently there are many influenza viruses circulating in different parts of the world with the potential to mutate into highly pathogenic forms for which there is no immunity in the current human population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Influenza viruses probably first sickened humans 6,000 to 7,000 years ago, corresponding with the early domestication of pigs and cattle. (historylink.org)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza viruses and associated morbidity and mortality in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • During the 2022-23 influenza season, the included clinical laboratories tested 4,023,390 respiratory specimens for influenza viruses using clinical diagnostic tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health laboratories tested 283,440 specimens and reported 30,993 positive specimens, with 29,552 (95.4%) positive for influenza A and 1,441 (4.6%) positive for influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza B lineage information was available for 1,168 (81.1%) influenza B viruses, with all of them belonging to the Victoria lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • No influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • comprising 70.8% of influenza A(H3N2) viruses identified in persons aged 0-4 years, 74.5% in 5-24 years, 61.1% in 25-64 years, and 67.9% in those aged 65 years or older. (cdc.gov)
  • During this period, mortality decreased overall workshop, held in 1991, examined technical issues and problems with periodic upturns often reflecting infectious disease outbreaks, related to the calculation and interpretation of age-adjusted death rates often influenza, such as the pandemic of 1918. (cdc.gov)
  • In other words, the "seasonal" influenza that causes annual outbreaks is far from being a "trivial" infection, and it is by no means harmless. (pasteur.fr)
  • There are three types of influenza virus in humans, A, B and C. Types A and B are responsible for annual outbreaks. (pasteur.fr)
  • Before 2012, outbreaks of so-called "influenza A variant" infections in the U.S. only popped up once in a while in the medical literature. (popsci.com)
  • Influenza outbreaks have been associated with a substantial increase in ED utilization for those 65 and older for influenza related infections and its complications. (emra.org)
  • 22 Additionally, influenza outbreaks are associated with increased ambulance diversion. (emra.org)
  • Objective To review the effects of school closures on pandemic and seasonal influenza outbreaks. (bmj.com)
  • This systematic review assesses the effects of school closures on the transmission of influenza, including data from the recent 2009 pandemic as well as from previous pandemics and seasonal outbreaks. (bmj.com)
  • The available data suggest that school closure can be a useful intervention during influenza outbreaks, with the greatest benefits occurring among school-aged children. (bmj.com)
  • Efficacy of the NPI strategies designed using our methodology is demonstrated using simulated pandemic influenza outbreaks with different levels of virus transmissibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If harnessed effectively, NPIs offer a significant potential for mitigation of pandemic influenza outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A partial listing of particularly violent outbreaks likely to have been influenza include one in 1510 when a pandemic believed to come from Africa attacked at once and raged all over Europe not missing a family and scarce a person (Beveridge, 1977). (defilafil.fr)
  • Then, in 2012, healthcare workers across the U.S. reported 309 human cases of influenza A (H3N2) variant, also known as H3N2v. (popsci.com)
  • In fact, it has been shown that for every 10 new cases of influenza, there is a 1.5% increase in the proportion of elderly patients in the ED who presented with influenza-related infections and upper respiratory infections. (emra.org)
  • 23 For every 100 cases of influenza per week, ambulance diversion increased by 2.5 hours per week. (emra.org)
  • The majority of human cases of influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) virus infection have been associated with direct or indirect contact with infected live or dead poultry. (apaci.asia)
  • During September 28, 2020-May 22, 2021 in the United States, 1,675 (0.2%) of 818,939 respiratory specimens tested by U.S. clinical laboratories were positive for an influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
  • In terms of hospitalizations, the cumulative rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations in the 2020-2021 season was the lowest recorded since this type of data collection began in 2005. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccination may also contributed to reduced flu illness during the 2020-2021 season. (cdc.gov)
  • Flu vaccine effectiveness estimates for 2020-2021 are not available, but a record number of influenza vaccine doses (193.8 million doses) were distributed in the U.S. during 2020-2021. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccine production and distribution in the US are primarily private sector endeavors, but during the 2020-2021 flu season, as part of efforts to maximize flu vaccination by increasing availability of vaccine, CDC purchased an additional 2 million doses of pediatric and 9.3 million doses of adult influenza vaccine to create a stockpile of vaccine in case of supply problems . (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza vaccination coverage in children dropped 4.1 percentage points from 62.3% during 2019-2020 to 58.2% during 2020-2021 and estimates for pregnant people and health care personnel indicated slight decreases in influenza vaccine coverage. (cdc.gov)
  • As the worldwide case numbers increased, the WHO declared on March 11, 2020, that COVID-19 had reached the pandemic stage. (medscape.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To determine if non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) impacted on respiratory virus detections in Queensland, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic year of 2020. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: We analysed weekly counts of influenza, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus available from a Queensland laboratory network for the year 2020. (bvsalud.org)
  • The approach was used to support CDC in characterising an emerging swine-origin A/H3N2 influenza variant. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • That season was dominated by influenza A (H3N2), and the 2017-2018 season seems to be going down that same path. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • H3N2 must not be happy about hitting the big 5-0, however, because the map of influenza-like illness activity looks pretty red and angry. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant virus during the 2022-23 influenza season as a whole and for each week from early October through the end of January. (cdc.gov)
  • Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records containing the age-specific numbers of cases and deaths of influenza from 1918-19, (ii) an outbreak record of influenza in a Swiss TB sanatorium during the pandemic, and (iii) the age-dependent TB mortality over time in the early 20th century. (hindawi.com)
  • Malnutrition makes the South-East Asian population particularly vulnerable to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) alongside emerging infectious diseases from arbovirus infections, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and the continuing concern of a pandemic influenza outbreak. (eurekalert.org)
  • The student will assume a pandemic of avian influenza is imminent if the outbreak cannot be confined to the geographic area identified in the fictional scenario. (liberty.edu)
  • Study selection Studies were included if they reported on a seasonal or pandemic influenza outbreak coinciding with a planned or unplanned school closure. (bmj.com)
  • Hence, strategic pandemic preparedness is a major concern, as we must be reasonably assured that we can contain a pandemic influenza outbreak. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The misnamed "Spanish Flu" pandemic peaked in late 1918 and remains the most widespread and lethal outbreak of disease to afflict humankind worldwide in recorded history. (historylink.org)
  • How safe and effective is the AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine in children? (medscape.com)
  • Following the experience gained in responding to the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the global spread of the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus that began in 2003, the U.S. government initiated a process to develop guidance in a number of areas for the public and private sectors to prepare for an influenza pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • One strain of virus that may produce a pandemic in the future is a highly pathogenic variation of the H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most notorious ones being the avian influenza or bird flu, H5N1 and H7N9. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As for the use of our existing stock of pre-pandemic vaccine, the Government have a stockpile of 3.3 million doses of H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine for health care workers. (parliament.uk)
  • Amid growing concern about influenza pandemics, national preparedness plans have become essential. (cdc.gov)
  • Instead, neuraminidase inhibitors are influenza-specific antiviral agents that figure strongly in preparedness plans. (cdc.gov)
  • Supporting statewide preparedness activities as it pertains to pandemic influenza. (hhs.gov)
  • But what few records remain or were even created (and, also, can be accessed remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic) are mostly reports, articles and speeches from WMCP faculty and staff months after the events they describe. (drexel.edu)
  • In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic a little more than a century later, it's easy to look back at the 1918 pandemic to make comparisons. (drexel.edu)
  • In light of the protracted nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries may wish to conduct periodic reviews during the event so they can continue to reflect on the ongoing response and revise national and subnational response strategies and plans as needed. (who.int)
  • Countries are fighting two battles parallelly, one against the Covid-19 pandemic and the other against misinformation. (cppr.in)
  • Introduction As Covid-19 Pandemic ravaged the world economy with over 4 million casualties, pandemic history literature has proliferated, helping to understand pandemic and social structure correlation. (cppr.in)
  • As we have seen during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, the right to life has been taken for a long, arduous ride. (viewsonnewsonline.com)
  • A pandemic in a population of 4.2 million would result in an estimated 525-1,775 deaths, 10,700-38,600 hospitalization days, and economic costs of $0.7 to $2.2 billion Singapore dollars. (cdc.gov)
  • Addressing the age-specific excess mortality estimate of the Spanish influenza pandemic using historical baseline, the deaths among the elderly tend to be diminished, but the peak among young adults still remains, suggesting an excess risk of death among those aged 25-35 years [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ii) Cytokine storm, that is, hyperreaction of the immune system that could potentially cause severe damages in the host, might explain the more severe outcomes observed among young adults (who have stronger immunity) and fewer deaths observed in children and elderly (who have weaker immune system) [ 10 ], although the findings have mainly stemmed from experimental studies of avian influenza in nonhuman hosts. (hindawi.com)
  • The most recent, the 2009 swine flu pandemic, resulted in under 300,000 deaths and is considered relatively mild. (wikipedia.org)
  • Every year, influenza - or flu - is responsible for three to five million severe cases and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. (pasteur.fr)
  • Despite substantial progress in recent years, which has seen reductions in deaths from HIV and malaria and an increase in tuberculosis treatment coverage, the South-East Asia region continues to bear a significant proportion of the communicable disease burden worldwide. (eurekalert.org)
  • Influenza is among the top 10 causes of death in the United States, 1 with more than 700,000 flu-related hospitalizations annually and 50,000+ flu-related deaths. (emra.org)
  • The design approach obtains the marginal effect of the characteristic parameters of NPIs, social behavior, and their interactions on various pandemic outcome measures including total number of contacts, infections, and deaths. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus had reached epidemic proportions, but the number of reported cases and deaths was lower here than in cities like New York and Chicago. (indianapolismonthly.com)
  • This study aimed at estimating the AH1N1 infection, hospitalization and mortality rates, and at identifying related clinical features in persons who received medical care during the influenza pandemic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An HI titer of ≥40 indicates prior infection with an influenza virus antigenically similar to the tested virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination is the primary intervention used to curb influenza virus infection, and the WHO recommends immunization for at-risk individuals to mitigate disease. (mdpi.com)
  • 1 ] Influenza C is associated with mild cases of upper respiratory infection. (health.govt.nz)
  • We conducted a systematic review [ Reference Moher 6 ] to investigate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of face masks in reducing influenza virus infection under controlled and natural conditions. (cambridge.org)
  • Zoonotic influenza infection in humans will continue to occur. (apaci.asia)
  • To minimize public health risk, quality surveillance in both animal and human populations, thorough investigation of every human infection and risk-based pandemic planning are essential. (apaci.asia)
  • Avian influenza virus infections in humans may cause disease ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection (fever and cough), early sputum production and rapid progression to severe pneumonia, sepsis with shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. (apaci.asia)
  • We reviewed all studies that evaluated influenza vaccine efficacy and effectiveness published from 1967 to 2012 and summarized those that used rigorous methodology and had specific infection outcome end points. (blogspot.com)
  • CDC initially requested reporting of all pregnant women with influenza illness who had been reported to state/local health departments with illness onset from April 15, 2009, to August 21, 2009. (cdc.gov)
  • Health departments used existing public health surveillance infrastructure to identify women who were pregnant or postpartum (≤6 weeks) at illness onset, were admitted to an ICU or died, and had laboratory-confirmed influenza as defined by a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test, real-time reverse transcriptase--polymerase chain reaction, or viral culture. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the initial data request included pregnant women who were not severely ill with influenza, the Flu Line only included severely ill women, and this analysis of the entire pandemic period (April 15, 2009--August 10, 2010) includes only women with severe illness (i.e., death or ICU admission). (cdc.gov)
  • In past pandemics, groups at increased risk for serious illness and death have differed by age and health status. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, epidemiological factors, such as the WWI practice of packing soldiers with severe influenza illness into field hospitals while soldiers with mild illness stayed outside on the battlefield, are an important determinant of whether or not a new strain of influenza virus will spur a pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, this practice served to promote the evolution of more virulent viral strains over those that produced mild illness. (wikipedia.org)
  • A pandemic could cause substantial social disruption, insofar it would involve a large proportion of the population contracting a serious or less serious form of the illness. (rivm.nl)
  • Possible intervention strategies are influenza vaccination or pneumococcal (one of the possible complications of influenza) vaccination of certain groups or prescription (within 48 hours after first symptoms) of antivirals for each person with an influenza like illness. (rivm.nl)
  • For the week ending Jan. 20, the proportion of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness increased to 6.6%, which is, for the second consecutive week, the highest level reported since October of - you guessed it - 2009, when it hit 7.7%, the CDC said in its weekly flu surveillance report . (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Given the wide clinical spectrum and variable levels of diagnostic testing for influenza, several surveillance programmes that target different populations are used to monitor activity of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) in Victoria. (who.int)
  • 15-20 During times in which the CDC declared "widespread influenza activity" there is a significant increase in department resource use, 21 particularly among patients with underlying respiratory illness. (emra.org)
  • There is some evidence to support the wearing of masks or respirators during illness to protect others, and public health emphasis on mask wearing during illness may help to reduce influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
  • The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been responsible for the largest respiratory illness pandemic since the influenza pandemic of 1918. (health.mil)
  • Since 2004, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended inactivated influenza vaccine for all women who are pregnant during influenza season, regardless of trimester ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The present study aimed to develop a formal hypothesis: tuberculosis (TB) was associated with the W-shaped influenza mortality from 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
  • Analyzing the data (i), we found that the W-shaped pattern was not only seen in mortality but also in the age-specific case fatality ratio, suggesting the presence of underlying age-specific risk factor(s) of influenza death among young adults. (hindawi.com)
  • The data (iii) were analyzed by employing the age-period-cohort model, revealing harvesting effect in the period function of TB mortality shortly after the 1918-19 pandemic. (hindawi.com)
  • One of the most pressing scientific questions of the epidemiology of Spanish influenza is the atypical W-shaped curve seen in the age-specific mortality [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Other pandemic and interpandemic influenza disproportionately killed infants and elderly, most commonly yielding the U-shaped (or J-shaped) age-specific mortality curve. (hindawi.com)
  • That is, one of the distinguishing features of the 1918-19 pandemic was the unusually high estimate of mortality among young adults. (hindawi.com)
  • The highest case fatality proportion was 2.8%, and peak excess mortality was 162/100,000/week. (nih.gov)
  • This report provides trends in mortality using the year 2000 resent the proportion by age in a standard population. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study is to calculate the expected number of hospital admissions and mortality in case of pandemic influenza. (rivm.nl)
  • This is "consistent with historical records from the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic, during which mortality in Aboriginal communities was far higher than in non-Aboriginal communities," write the authors. (disabled-world.com)
  • Influenza-virus-mediated disease can be associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly in younger children and older adults. (mdpi.com)
  • Conclusion In Norway, considerable proportions of people seem to consider the mortality risk during a pandemic less than health authorities do. (uit.no)
  • Before 1918 the average mortality rate for most influenza was only about one-tenth of 1 percent, or approximately one fatality for every 1,000 infections. (historylink.org)
  • A significantly higher percentage of ILI patients were swabbed in 2010 compared to 2003-2008, but similar to 2009, with a similar percentage being positive for influenza as in previous years. (who.int)
  • The percentage of specimens testing positive for influenza each week ranged from 0.7% to 26.3% and peaked during the week ending December 10, 2022 (week 49) (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • This study provides a more accurate view of the hospitalization burden of influenza and RSV. (medscape.com)
  • 2 The annual economic burden of influenza has been estimated to be $87 billion. (emra.org)
  • The student will write a research-based paper focusing on the potential of avian influenza A (H7N9) to expand into a local epidemic or spread beyond to pandemic proportions. (liberty.edu)
  • The student will write a research-based paper that focuses on the progress in the development of avian influenza A (H7N9) vaccine. (liberty.edu)
  • The case fatality rate for A(H5) and A(H7N9) subtype virus infections among humans is much higher than that of seasonal influenza infections. (apaci.asia)
  • Wu YL, Shen L-W, Ding Y-P. Preliminary success in the characterization and management of a sudden breakout of a novel H7N9 influenza A virus. (apaci.asia)
  • A Cell Culture-Derived MF59-Adjuvanted Pandemic A/H7N9 Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Adults. (apaci.asia)
  • Historical analysis of the influenza pandemics of 1918, 1957, and 1968 and their impacts also provided valuable insights to this guidance. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (who.int)
  • Another influenza pandemic, following the 1918, 1957 and the 1968 pandemic, is likely if not inevitable. (rivm.nl)
  • This priority - to protect the most frail - has been public policy since at least the 1957-1958 influenza pandemic . (theconversation.com)
  • The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
  • The Regional Office for Africa had already launched a programme to combat the potential spread of the novel influenza virus at the end of April 2009. (who.int)
  • fourth session in Ethiopia in early May 2009, urged Member States to mobilise the necessary logistics and financial resources needed to mitigate the potential impact of an influenza pandemic in Africa. (who.int)
  • Many nations are acquiring stockpiles of these drugs because of their effectiveness in influenza treatment and prophylaxis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness each year. (who.int)
  • Although data regarding the effectiveness of mass screening programmes remain equivocal, surveillance may be particularly important in the containment phase of the pandemic in order to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. (hselibrary.ie)
  • Further studies in controlled settings and studies of natural infections in healthcare and community settings are required to better define the effectiveness of face masks and respirators in preventing influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
  • 2 The pandemic strain continued to be dominant around the world into the 2009/2010 northern hemisphere influenza season and there was considerable interest in the epidemiology of a likely second southern hemisphere pandemic wave during the 2010 influenza season. (who.int)
  • Known as "Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 was a global disaster. (indianapolismonthly.com)
  • assess vaccine in the federal stockpile to determine whether it can be used to reduce the impact of the pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Final decisions can only be made once we know what the clinical impact of the pandemic is. (parliament.uk)
  • The aim of this Cochrane Review, first published in 2006, was to summarise research that looks at the effects of immunising the elderly (those aged 65 years or older) with influenza vaccine during influenza seasons. (cochrane.org)
  • These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most influenza strains can be inactivated easily by disinfectants and detergents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hospitals also send us influenza virus strains from severe cases or treatment failures so that we can analyze their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. (pasteur.fr)
  • From time to time new strains emerge and cause global pandemics. (cambridge.org)
  • 3 Despite these statistics, influenza vaccination coverage has been shown to be poor, with only 37.1% coverage for the 2017-2018 influenza season. (emra.org)
  • Victoria is Australia's second most populous state with a temperate climate and an annual influenza season that usually occurs between May and September. (who.int)
  • The timing of NPI implementation was associated with a sharp and sustained decline in influenza, where during the typical annual influenza season (weeks 23-40) no cases were detected from 163,296 tests compared with an average of 26.1% (11,844/45,396) of tests positive in 2015-2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • The 2022-23 influenza season was characterized by an early increase in seasonal influenza activity, with activity increasing nationally early in October 2022 and peaking in early December 2022 (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • The use of Flucelvax in people older than 49 is supported by antibody responses in about 1,700 adults which showed it to be comparable to Agriflu, an egg-based seasonal influenza vaccine approved by FDA for use in people 18 years and older. (blogspot.com)
  • The use of algorithms to remotely diagnose and issue antiviral drugs is indispensable during a pandemic where the case burden threatens to paralyse the healthcare system and helps to reduce nosocomial spread. (bmj.com)
  • In principle, antiviral medicine treatment will be available for all symptomatic patients from the onset of a pandemic. (parliament.uk)
  • These pandemics occur irregularly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to humans from another animal species. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is an ominous expectation that a severe pandemic could occur and infect between 20 to 47 million people in the U.S. alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The virus first emerged in 1968, so it has reached its 50th anniversary, Dan Jernigan, MD, director of the influenza division at the CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, said on Jan. 26 in a weekly briefing. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Pregnant women with influenza are at increased risk for hospitalization and death ( 1,2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • infants born after their mother's influenza hospitalization discharge were more likely to be small for gestational age. (cdc.gov)
  • 10 Influenza vaccination of the elderly can have a profound impact, with studies showing upwards of a 75% reduction in death and up to a 39% reduction in hospitalization. (emra.org)
  • Oseltamivir was the drug of choice because of its safety profile ( 9 , 10 ) and available data on influenza prophylaxis and treatment ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We have reviewed an extensive body of the literature on the effects of school closure on the incidence and transmission of influenza. (bmj.com)
  • Evaluar las tendencias y asociaciones relacionadas con la cobertura y hospitalizaciones por condiciones sensibles a la atención primaria de salud en la ciudad de Fortaleza/Ceará/Brasil de 2015 a 2021. (bvsalud.org)
  • c World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. (who.int)
  • The Department of Health coordinates the surveillance of all laboratory-confirmed influenza in Victoria, a prescribed group B notifiable disease under the Victorian Public Health and Well-being Act 2008 and Public Health and Well-being Regulations 2009 . (who.int)
  • Influenza activity continued to increase in the week ending Jan. 20, and the 2017-2018 flu season continues to look a lot like the 2009-2010 pandemic, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (the-hospitalist.org)
  • Meeting participants discussed and rated the importance of potential vaccination program objectives based on a severe pandemic scenario. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the most serious pandemic and its epidemiological features is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of severe influenza outcomes and possibly planning effective countermeasures in the future. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusions School closures appear to have the potential to reduce influenza transmission, but the heterogeneity in the data available means that the optimum strategy (eg, the ideal length and timing of closure) remains unclear. (bmj.com)
  • The need to target vaccine to maintain national security, health care, and other essential community services and to preserve critical infrastructure will depend on the severity of the pandemic and vaccine availability, as rates of absenteeism and the ability to supply essential products and services will differ for more or less severe pandemics. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, groups identified for earlier vaccination will differ depending on pandemic severity and vaccine supply. (cdc.gov)
  • Read about the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, a new platform that can provide annual data on severe influenza for a wide range of populations. (medscape.com)
  • Since April 2009, CDC has collaborated with state and local health departments to conduct enhanced surveillance for severe influenza among pregnant and postpartum women. (cdc.gov)
  • Surveillance goals feasibility of using a nationwide telephone survey to moni- of the DHHS pandemic infl uenza plan are to 1) provide an tor at-home patients. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC plans to analyze daily whether telephone surveys can accurately monitor health reports of ambulatory patients with infl uenza that are ac- status during seasonal infl uenza peaks and to augment cur- cessed through the BioSense surveillance system ( 4,5 ) rent surveillance systems during a pandemic. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2008, I evaluated the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from the analysis of surveillance Sentinel data and the timing of holidays in France (Nature, 2008). (imperial.ac.uk)
  • U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating laboratories and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) laboratories, which include both clinical and public health laboratories throughout the United States, contribute to virologic surveillance for influenza (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Three influenza pandemics occurred during the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people, with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • School-located influenza vaccination programs have the potential to mass-vaccinate all enrolled children, but will parents give consent? (medscape.com)
  • It constitutes a public health concern due to the burden that it represents for the health system and labor market, and for its potential to evolve into a pandemic [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to minimise the effects on the population of such a potential pandemic the Dutch Ministry on Health has drawn up an influenza pandemic plan to be prepared on coping with large morbidity and health care use. (rivm.nl)
  • The main outcome measures were answers to questions about a potential pandemic ("serious influenza epidemic"): statements about personal precautions including stockpiling Tamiflu®, the perceived number of fatalities, the perceived effects of Tamiflu®, the sources of information about influenza and trust in public information. (uit.no)
  • The WHO does not specifically recommend or discourage school closures during an influenza pandemic, as their potential benefits and harms may be context-specific, 1 but has suggested that they be considered as part of a mitigation strategy. (bmj.com)
  • To ask the Secretary of State for Health whether his Department has had discussions with internet service providers on contingency planning arrangements for a potential influenza pandemic. (parliament.uk)
  • Any respiratory virus has the potential to become a pandemic. (fountaindirectprimarycare.com)
  • The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), the world's first degree-granting women's medical school and a predecessor medical institution of Drexel University's College of Medicine, was already weakened by World War I when the influenza pandemic hit Philadelphia in the fall of 1918. (drexel.edu)
  • The similarities to the coronavirus are striking, but it's a story-a cautionary tale, really-of how influenza ripped through the city in the fall of 1918, receded, and then returned. (indianapolismonthly.com)
  • An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads across a large region (either multiple continents or worldwide) and infects a large proportion of the population. (wikipedia.org)
  • This virus has already affected a large proportion of world population and it is highly likely that you will come into contact with someone infected. (aeiro.com)