Proportion of influenza. Medical search. Frequent questions

This household study identifies risk factors of infection by the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. (medscape.com)
We used high-throughput B cell receptor sequencing of plasma cells produced following AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccination, as well as pre-pandemic seasonal influenza vaccination to elucidate the effect of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. (nature.com)
The latest influenza pandemic arose in 2009, and was caused by a swine-origin H1N1 virus (pH1N1), and resulted in an estimated 300,000 deaths within the first 12 months 3 . (nature.com)
Among a sample of participants of all ages, the antibody testing of stored sera specimens from NHANES 2007-2008 was conducted to determine population levels of pre-pandemic cross reactive antibody to the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus and related influenza A/H1N1 viruses prior to the spread of the novel 2009 H1N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
This data release contains the hemagglutination inhibition assay titers to 2009 H1N1 and two past H1N1 influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Antibody titers against 2009 H1N1 and two past H1N1 influenza viruses were measured with the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay following standard procedures by Focus Diagnositcs, Inc., Cypress, CA. (cdc.gov)
H1GMT2009 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/California/7/2009. (cdc.gov)
H1GMT2007 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/Brisbane/59/2007. (cdc.gov)
H1GMT1976 : Geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer against the influenza A/H1N1 virus A/New Jersey/8/1976. (cdc.gov)
1) represent reactions that are known to occur following immunizations generally or influenza influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and influenza B viruses have been in global circulation. (who.int)
The most striking pandemic occurred in 1918, when the Spanish influenza (H1N1) resulted in approximately 50 million deaths worldwide. (medscape.com)
The most recent pandemic was in 2009, caused by a swine-origin influenza of the H1N1 serotype. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] In early 2009, a recombinant H1N1 influenza consisting of a mix of swine, avian, and human gene segments spread rapidly around the world, but it was a low-pathogenicity strain. (medscape.com)
however, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated, and the predominant virus varied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Service (HHS) region and week. (cdc.gov)
17,599(62%) were influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 10,946 (38%) were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Although influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominated, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses also circulated widely. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses increased nationally, beginning in January, and peaked during the week ending February 20, 2011, when 49% of all subtyped influenza A viruses were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Although during this time influenza A (H3N2) viruses still predominated nationally, 2009 influenza A (H1N1) predominated in five of the 10 regions (Regions 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9) for 5--7 consecutive weeks, ranging from the week ending January 15 to the week ending April 2, 2011. (cdc.gov)
Those have included 613 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses, 1,139 influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and 742 influenza B viruses. (cdc.gov)
Over the past 4 epidemiological weeks (EW), the predominant influenza viruses have been influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, with concurrent circulation of influenza B/Victoria. (paho.org)
During this period, the predominant influenza viruses have been B/Victoria, with lesser circulation of influenza A, primarily A(H1N1)pdm09. (paho.org)
During this period, the predominant influenza viruses have been influenza B/Victoria, with concurrent circulation of influenza A, mainly A(H1N1)pdm09, and to a lesser extent, influenza A(H3N2). (paho.org)
Over the past 4 EWs, the predominant influenza viruses have been influenza A, mainly A(H1N1)pdm09, and influenza B/Victoria. (paho.org)
Argentina continues to present epidemic levels of influenza activity, with the majority of cases testing positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. (paho.org)
The epidemiological mechanisms behind the W-shaped age-specific influenza mortality during the Spanish influenza (H1N1) pandemic 1918-19 have yet to be fully clarified. (hindawi.com)
There have been three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, initially observed in 1918, 1957, and 1968, respectively, referred to as the Spanish (H1N1), Asian (H2N2), and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
i) The influenza (H1N1) virus responsible for the 1918-19 pandemic was closely related to foregoing H1N1 virus(es) that might have widely circulated earlier than 1918. (hindawi.com)
Davis and colleagues inoculated mice with high doses of H1N1 influenza and then treated some mice with liponucleotides once daily for five days and others just a single time five days after exposure. (sciencedaily.com)
Number of laboratory-confirmed new influenza A (H1N1) cases and deaths reported to WHO as of 20 May 2009, 16:00 GMT. (who.int)
The newly emerged influenza A (H1N1) strain which has not not circulated previously in humans is easily transmitted from one person to another and from one country to another. (who.int)
Available evidence suggests that the main route of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus is via respiratory droplets. (who.int)
Most cases present with symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, headache, general body weakness and tiredness.2 In addition, diarrhoea which is not a known characteristic of seasonal influenza has been reported among confirmed cases in many countries.3 A substantial proportion of the severe cases in the new influenza A (H1N1) outbreak involve young and healthy adults, unlike in seasonal influenza. (who.int)
Many national and international health agencies recommended the use of face masks during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. (cambridge.org)
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in Mexico in early 2009 and rapidly spread worldwide. (cambridge.org)
Subtypes which have in the past caused pandemics include the influenza A H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses, while the H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 viruses continue to cause epidemics as seasonal influenza viruses. (health.govt.nz)
Based on the results of outpatient and hospital surveillance, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses continued to co-circulate in the Region, with very few influenza B detections having been reported during this season. (flutrackers.com)
Of the 1342 influenza A viruses that were subtyped during week 12/2014, 594 (44%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 748 (56%) A(H3N2) (Fig. 2a). (flutrackers.com)
Of the 25 143 influenza A viruses that have been subtyped, 14 835 (59%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 10 308 (41%) were A(H3N2). (flutrackers.com)
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 occurred actively 3 weeks thereafter, and then co-circulated highly with influenza B through the end of March 2020. (health.mil)
Starting at surveillance week 45 (3-9 Nov. 2019), influenza B was the predominant influenza type, followed by high activity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 three weeks thereafter. (health.mil)
Both influenza B and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were then highly co-circulated through surveillance week 13 (22-28 March 2020). (health.mil)
ACIP had withdrawn its recommendation for use of LAIV during the last two influenza seasons due to data indicating greatly decreased efficacy of the H1N1 component of the live vaccine. (immunize.org)
This is particularly important as the media attention around this year's influenza season has been particularly high, and many have compared this season to the 2009 H1N1 swine flu pandemic in terms of the sheer volume of emergency department visits we are seeing. (medscape.com)

Decision-based model for strategies during pandemic influenza. (cdc.gov)
Pandemic influenza is unpredictable: uncertainties surround its occurrence and outcomes ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
For pandemic influenza vaccination, this suggests that the adjuvant could improve B cell responses by either increasing activation of naïve B cells, or by increasing the activation and adaptation of pre-existing memory B cells generated through infection or immunization with seasonal influenza from earlier years to become specific towards the pandemic strain 11 . (nature.com)
used phage display libraries, and surface plasmon resonance to determine binding locations, and affinity of the antibodies produced in response to both adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccines 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
Overall, the percentages of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) were lower during the 2010--11 season than the 2009--10 pandemic influenza season. (cdc.gov)
Such risk factors did not significantly influence the age-specific death patterns during other pandemics and inter-pandemic influenza epidemics. (hindawi.com)
The pandemic influenza of 1918 (Spanish flu) killed 21-50 million people globally, including in Iceland, where the characteristics and spread of the epidemic were well documented. (nih.gov)
Supporting statewide preparedness activities as it pertains to pandemic influenza. (hhs.gov)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Study selection Studies were included if they reported on a seasonal or pandemic influenza outbreak coinciding with a planned or unplanned school closure. (bmj.com)
4 Here, we review epidemiological studies to assess the effects of school closures on transmission and incidence of seasonal and pandemic influenza, updating and extending previous reviews 2 , 4 to include data from the 2009 pandemic. (bmj.com)
Our findings have important implications for countries in the tropics/subtropics and in resource- limited settings, and categorized transmission intensity can be used to assess severity of potential pandemic influenza as well as seasonal influenza. (who.int)

Currently available influenza other influenza viruses that could circulate later in the season. (cdc.gov)
VE against all influenza A viruses department) or clinical testing for SARS-CoV-2 10 days and against influenza A(H3N2) viruses was estimated using after illness onset. (cdc.gov)
How does the early occurrence of influenza epidemics impact outbreaks of other common seasonal viruses? (medscape.com)
size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to Influenza illness and its complications follow infection with influenza viruses. (who.int)
The majority of SAEs occurred after c adverse events listed below reflect experience in both children and adults and include those a causal relation of GBS with subsequent vaccines prepared from other influenza viruses is unclear. (who.int)
From early November though early December, influenza B viruses accounted for 40%--49% of influenza viruses reported nationally, with the largest numbers reported from the southeastern states (HHS Region 4). (cdc.gov)
Influenza B viruses were predominant in Region 4 from early November through late December. (cdc.gov)
All five cases were infected with swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Since October 1, 2010, CDC has antigenically characterized 2,494 influenza viruses submitted by U.S. laboratories. (cdc.gov)
they look only at influenza infections and make no attempt to look at the other 200-plus respiratory viruses. (bmj.com)
Individuals who recover from influenza can have broad and long-lasting protection against an array of influenza viruses. (bmj.com)
It is likely that influenza cases in hospitals are different from community acquired cases, especially with regards to patients' characteristics (e.g. older population with more underlying medical conditions in hospitals), and potentially to the current viruses strains. (unige.ch)
The influenza vaccines were prepared by treating influenza viruses with a chemical that kills the virus (inactivated virus), and the vaccination was given by injection through the skin. (cochrane.org)
At best, vaccines are only effective against influenza A and B, which represent about 5% of all circulating viruses. (cochrane.org)
Inactivated vaccine is prepared by treating influenza viruses with a specific chemical agent that 'kills' the virus. (cochrane.org)
A team of researchers led by Dr. Adolfo García-Sastre at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine set out to express a reporter gene in influenza viruses that could be used to track their movement in vivo. (nih.gov)
This system will allow researchers to easily track viruses during immune responses, as well as to quickly evaluate the impact of potential therapies on influenza pathogenesis," García-Sastre says. (nih.gov)
Apathogenic and mildly pathogenic influenza A viruses occur worldwide. (thepoultrysite.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 HA subtypes have been isolated occasionally from free-living birds. (thepoultrysite.com)
These include influenza viruses, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses. (frontiersin.org)
Influenza viruses circulate around the world every year. (cambridge.org)
Influenza B has two lineages of viruses: B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, which are also associated with outbreaks and epidemics, and account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of influenza. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza A and B viruses undergo frequent small changes (mutations) in their segmented RNA genome over time. (health.govt.nz)
The new virus subtype has novel H and N surface antigens result from the mixing of genomic segments of two or more influenza A viruses. (health.govt.nz)
Other possible mechanisms for the emergence of new influenza viruses are through the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to infect humans and the re-assortment of the genomic segments of multiple viruses (ie, human, avian and pig influenza viruses). (health.govt.nz)
The EuroFlu bulletin describes and comments on influenza activity in the 53 Member States in the WHO European Region to provide information to public health specialists, clinicians and the public on the timing of the influenza season, the spread of influenza, the prevalence and characteristics of circulating viruses (type, subtype and lineage) and severity. (flutrackers.com)
Since week 40/2013, sentinel and non-sentinel sources have yielded 37 583 influenza detections: 35 897 (95%) were influenza A and 1686 (5%) influenza B viruses (Fig. 2b). (flutrackers.com)
In addition, the lineage of 169 influenza B viruses has been determined: 155 (92%) belonged to the B/Yamagata lineage (the lineage of the B virus recommended by WHO for inclusion in trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines) and 14 (8%) to the B/Victoria lineage. (flutrackers.com)
See PHIL 13469, for the diagrammatic representation of how this Swine Flu stain came to be, through the "reassortment" of two different Influenza viruses. (health.mil)
The estimated VE (46%) indicated that the influenza vaccine during the 2019-2020 influenza season was moderately effective against these influenza viruses. (health.mil)
Influenza surveillance conducted by DODGRS during the 2019-2020 influenza season identified circulating influenza virus (sub)types, provided timely data on the genetic characteristics of the circulating viruses, and estimated influenza VE. (health.mil)
The influenza vaccine was moderately effective against influenza viruses during the 2019-2020 influenza season. (health.mil)
Influenza viruses change from year to year as they undergo constant antigenic drifts and potential antigenic shifts. (health.mil)
Because of the changing nature of these viruses, it is crucial to conduct annual surveillance to determine the circulating viruses and to detect changes in the viruses during the influenza season. (health.mil)
Seasonal influenza vaccination is considered the main strategy to protect against influenza viruses, combat influenza infection, and reduce disease severity. (health.mil)
To improve vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza viruses, the strains used in the influenza vaccine need to be updated regularly based on the surveillance findings. (health.mil)
[ 52 ] The use of adamantanes, such as amantadine, has not been recommended since the 2005-2006 influenza season owing to resistance among influenza A viruses. (medscape.com)
The neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir is the first antiviral specifically developed to combat both influenza A and influenza B viruses. (ispub.com)
Influenza Other Respir Viruses;10(5): 414-20, 2016 09. (bvsalud.org)

In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal care unit (ICU) admission, or death) that are associated with influenza is recommended for all persons aged 6 months influenza A(H3N2) virus infection and might protect against except when contraindicated ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The father had a nasopharyngeal swab positive for swine-origin influenza A (H3N2) virus and had direct swine exposure 6 days before illness onset. (cdc.gov)
The child, whose infection with influenza A (H3N2) virus was confirmed several weeks later by serologic testing, did not have direct swine exposure, and most likely acquired infection from close contact with her father. (cdc.gov)
This season, the majority of hospitalizations reported by participating provinces and territories have been associated with influenza A(H3N2). (canada.ca)
60% (87 out of 145) were influenza A(H3N2). (canada.ca)
Among subtyped influenza A detections (790), 68% were influenza A(H3N2). (canada.ca)
Captured in 2011, this transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image depicts some of the ultrastructural details displayed by H3N2 influenza virions, responsible for causing illness in Indiana and Pennsylvania in 2011. (health.mil)
The predominant influenza virus subtype is influenza A H3N2. (medscape.com)

School-located influenza vaccination programs have the potential to mass-vaccinate all enrolled children, but will parents give consent? (medscape.com)
Please note that questions are limited to clinicians who would like information on CDC's current influenza recommendations for vaccination and anti-viral medications. (cdc.gov)
If Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred within 6 weeks of previous influenza vaccination, the TIV-2, respectively, reported unsolicited adverse events. (who.int)
RESULTS Claims-based influenza vaccination rates increased from 35.5% to 41.3% from 2000-2003, reflecting historical trends, before declining 14.1% in 2004. (annfammed.org)
Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for preventing influenza and its complications in older Americans for years. (annfammed.org)
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) considers influenza immunization rates a measure of quality of care in various settings, and it has charged its quality improvement organization contractors with promoting vaccination. (annfammed.org)
4 In 2004, there was a severe shortage of influenza vaccine in the United States, resulting in a recommendation to limit vaccination to persons in high-risk groups, including those older than age 65 years who make up the bulk of Medicare beneficiaries. (annfammed.org)
Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. (jmir.org)
Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. (jmir.org)
The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. (jmir.org)
Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. (jmir.org)
Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well. (jmir.org)
We were interested in showing the effects of vaccines on reducing the number of elderly with confirmed influenza, the number who had influenza-like symptoms such as headache, high temperature, cough, and muscle pain (influenza-like illness, of ILI), and harms from vaccination. (cochrane.org)
Vaccination is the primary intervention used to curb influenza virus infection, and the WHO recommends immunization for at-risk individuals to mitigate disease. (mdpi.com)
Influenza vaccination also must be encouraged to prevent the infection. (medscape.com)
Until recently, management options for influenza were limited to vaccination and use of the M2 inhibitors amantadine or rimantadine. (ispub.com)

Using logistic regression, estimates were adjusted for culation was identified,* and no treatment with an influenza study site, age group, days from illness onset to enrollment, and antiviral medication (e.g., oseltamivir or baloxavir) during this month of illness onset. (cdc.gov)
Cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) have increased, with a rising proportion of cases testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. (paho.org)
Overall, the vaccine increased the risk of virus-associated acute respiratory illness, including influenza, by 73% (OR 1.73, CI 0.99-3.03). (bmj.com)
The efficacy of SM usage to prevent transmission of influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza have been shown in a number of studies among symptomatic patients ( 12 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Influenza-like-illness (ILI) is 4.3%, which is above the national baseline of 2.2% and the highest it has been so far this flu season, but is still substantially lower than the 7.5% peak recorded last season. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Influenza-like Illness (ILI) State Activity Indicator Map: The number of state experiencing high ILI activity increased from 23 states plus NYC last week to 24 states plus New York City. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Kansas currently has high influenza-like illness activity. (k-state.edu)
There is some evidence to support the wearing of masks or respirators during illness to protect others, and public health emphasis on mask wearing during illness may help to reduce influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
Clinical consultation rates for influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or acute respiratory infection (ARI) returned to pre-season or below baseline levels in most of the countries in the WHO European Region. (flutrackers.com)
The illness was later identified as influenza and traced to a variant of Influenza A virus H5N1, previously known to infect only birds. (ispub.com)
Influenza epidemics typically have an abrupt onset and end separated by a 2- to 3-week upsurge in the frequency of new cases and a 2- to 3-month plateau.3 Community outbreaks are often heralded by an increase in medical visits from children suffering from fever and respiratory illness. (ispub.com)
Cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), which had seen an increase associated with positive cases of SARS-CoV-2, have shown a decrease over the last four EWs. (paho.org)
Using Cambodia's influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance data from 2009 to 2015, three parameters were assessed to monitor influenza activity: the proportion of ILI patients among all outpatients, proportion of ILI samples positive for influenza and the product of the two. (who.int)
Type-specific clinical characteristics of adenovirus-associated influenza-like illness at five US military medical centers, 2009-2014. (bvsalud.org)
Adenovirus is a recognized cause of influenza -like illness (ILI). (bvsalud.org)
The second is that while the outpatient volume of visits related to influenza-like illness (ILI) has really skyrocketed in emergency departments as well as outpatient clinics, most persons with influenza will have relatively mild disease that can be managed at home. (medscape.com)
Sentinel surveillance is used to sample patients with acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

How effective are seasonal influenza vaccines in tropical communities? (medscape.com)
Influenza pandemics require rapid deployment of effective vaccines for control. (nature.com)
The capacity to rapidly develop and manufacture effective vaccines in large quantities is key in combating influenza pandemics. (nature.com)
Tamiflu & influenza vaccines: more harm than good? (bmj.com)
BMJ 2020;368:m626-February 19) The same thing can be said about influenza vaccines. (bmj.com)
We are told year after year that influenza vaccines are 60% effective…30% effective…45% effective…etc. (bmj.com)
How can influenza vaccines increase the risk of other infections? (bmj.com)
In the US seasonal influenza vaccines are now recommend every year for the entire population (excepting infants before 6 months of age). (bmj.com)
Editorial, NEJM 2000;342:275) Twenty years later we must ask, "What harm is done by annual influenza vaccines? (bmj.com)
One of the imponderables is the effect of seasonal influenza vaccines on population immunity. (bmj.com)
Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. (jmir.org)
Inactivated vaccines can reduce the proportion of elderly who have influenza and ILI. (cochrane.org)
Older adults receiving the influenza vaccine may experience less influenza over a single season, from 6% to 2.4%, meaning that 30 people would need to be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccines to avoid one case of influenza. (cochrane.org)
The impact of influenza vaccines in older people is modest, irrespective of setting, outcome, population, and study design. (cochrane.org)
Increasing the proportion of children who receive all vaccines recommended by the ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices) for universal administration. (hhs.gov)
MedImmune/AstraZeneca) as an option in the list of recommended influenza vaccines for the 2018-2019 influenza season. (immunize.org)
Rather, all approved vaccines will be listed as viable options for the prevention of influenza infection. (immunize.org)
Through sentinel surveillance, the Public Health Agency of Sweden can monitor which influenza strains are circulating and whether vaccines and antivirals are effective, or whether resistance has developed. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

The proportion of specimens testing positive for influenza during the 2010--11 season first exceeded 10%, indicating higher levels of virus circulation, during the week ending November 27, 2010. (cdc.gov)
The percentage of tests positive for influenza B (7.8%) is higher than the average (1.5%) for this time of year. (canada.ca)
61% (2,291) were influenza A. The percentage of tests positive for influenza B to date this season is following a similar trend to the 2017-18 season, when influenza A and B circulated in almost equal proportions. (canada.ca)
This is consistent with the decline in the percentage of ILI and ARI sentinel specimens testing positive for influenza. (flutrackers.com)
In Haiti, moderate SARI activity has been observed over the last four EWs, with most cases testing positive for influenza and SARS-CoV-2. (paho.org)

At the conclusion of today's session the participant will be able to describe the current status of influenza activity in the United States, discuss the circulating influenza strains seen this season and the implications for clinicians, discuss the use of influenza diagnostic tests and the role in clinical care and discuss anti-viral treatment implications for patients evaluation treatment and testing. (cdc.gov)
1.2 change to one or more new strains in each year's influenza vaccine. (who.int)
Influenza virus has 3 strains-A, B, and C. (For additional information on influenza, see Medscape's Influenza Resource Center . (medscape.com)
However, the segmented genome also has the potential to allow re-assortment of genome segments from different strains of influenza in a co-infected host. (medscape.com)
Although all strains of influenza A virus naturally infect birds, certain strains can infect mammalian hosts such as pigs and humans. (medscape.com)
Avian influenza has low-pathogenic (LPAI) and highly pathogenic (HPAI) strains. (medscape.com)
This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. (mdpi.com)
It is active against influenza A and B including strains resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Even in nonpandemic years and in years when less pathogenic strains predominate, the influenza virus is a major cause of death and debilitation. (ispub.com)

Read about the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, a new platform that can provide annual data on severe influenza for a wide range of populations. (medscape.com)
Understanding the most serious pandemic and its epidemiological features is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of severe influenza outcomes and possibly planning effective countermeasures in the future. (hindawi.com)
ii) Cytokine storm, that is, hyperreaction of the immune system that could potentially cause severe damages in the host, might explain the more severe outcomes observed among young adults (who have stronger immunity) and fewer deaths observed in children and elderly (who have weaker immune system) [ 10 ], although the findings have mainly stemmed from experimental studies of avian influenza in nonhuman hosts. (hindawi.com)
PURPOSE We assessed the impact of the severe influenza vaccine shortage of 2004 on individual physicians' immunization performance. (annfammed.org)
CONCLUSIONS The 2004 vaccine shortage had a severe impact on influenza immunization rates in private physician's offices, disrupting continuity of care. (annfammed.org)
the overall clinical consequences of Covid-19 may ultimately be more akin to those of a severe seasonal influenza. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
Obviously that's what you need in someone with severe influenza -- we want to take someone who is already in the ICU and help them get out faster, or head going to the ICU off at the pass," Davis said. (sciencedaily.com)
However, it does not identify the severe case of influenza infections which require hospitalisation. (unige.ch)
Within this pilot study, we test the feasibility of such a national, hospital-based surveillance system for severe influenza cases. (unige.ch)
Occasionally people confuse this with influenza, or even with COVID, but generally the body aches are severe. (smh.com)
[ 2 ] Early antiviral therapy must be considered among hospitalized children diagnosed with or suspected to have influenza, especially if they have risk factors such as asthma, cardiac problems, or other conditions, to prevent severe complications and prolonged hospitalization. (medscape.com)
These results suggest that early and aggressive treatment action should be taken in patients with a high clinical suspicion of severe influenza infection. (medscape.com)
Hospitalization rates have also increased this season, and many have compared the overall seasonal hospitalization rate to that of the most recent severe influenza season, 2014-2015. (medscape.com)

Instead, neuraminidase inhibitors are influenza-specific antiviral agents that figure strongly in preparedness plans. (cdc.gov)
The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza . (medscape.com)
Antiviral agents available for influenza treatment and/or prevention include neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir) and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (baloxavir marboxil). (medscape.com)
Adverse event data collected during Phase II and Phase III clinical trials of zanamivir in the treatment of influenza show that it has favorable tolerability, a feature that distinguishes it from other antiviral therapies for influenza. (ispub.com)

This study provides a more accurate view of the hospitalization burden of influenza and RSV. (medscape.com)

Most respondents (128/207, 61.8%) were not vaccinated against influenza in 2019 and used social media. (jmir.org)
Influenza B was the predominant influenza type starting from the beginning of Nov. 2019. (health.mil)
Laboratory-based influenza surveillance was conducted in the 2019-2020 influenza season among Department of Defense (DOD) beneficiaries through the DOD Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program (DODGRS). (health.mil)
The objective of this report is to describe influenza surveillance trends and the end-of season VE estimates among DOD beneficiaries during the 2019-2020 influenza season. (health.mil)
Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique, multicentrique portant sur des patients de moins de 5ans pris en charge pour une affection neurochirurgicale de Janvier 2019 à Décembre 2021 à Libreville. (bvsalud.org)

Influenza epidemics occur each year. (health.govt.nz)
The excess mortality associated with influenza epidemics occurring every one to three years has increased during the last 15 years to approximately 30,000 persons per year in the United States. (ispub.com)

Even an uncomplicated case of influenza is likely to require days of bed rest and is associated with general malaise and weakness that may persist weeks beyond the cessation of other symptoms. (ispub.com)

While at CDC Dr. Havers research interests have focused on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of influenza. (cdc.gov)

The relative proportion of each type and subtype of influenza virus varied by region and week. (cdc.gov)
Detailed information on age and type/subtype has been received for 3,241 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases ( Table 1 ). (canada.ca)

Flu-Associated Hospitalizations: Since October 1, 2018, 5,791 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations have been reported through the Influenza Hospitalization Network (FluSurv-NET), a population-based surveillance network for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations covering approximately 9% of the U.S. This translates to a cumulative overall rate of 20.1 hospitalizations per 100,000 people in the United States. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Since the start of the flu season in October, the CDC reports 4,615 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations, with adults age 65 or older the largest group requiring hospital-level care, followed by children up to age 4 years and adults ages 50-64 years. (amnhealthcare.com)

One of the most pressing scientific questions of the epidemiology of Spanish influenza is the atypical W-shaped curve seen in the age-specific mortality [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Evidence for two distinct lineages of influenza B (Victoria and Yamagata lineages) have co-circulated worldwide. (who.int)

The present study aimed to develop a formal hypothesis: tuberculosis (TB) was associated with the W-shaped influenza mortality from 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
Three pieces of epidemiological information were assessed: (i) the epidemic records containing the age-specific numbers of cases and deaths of influenza from 1918-19, (ii) an outbreak record of influenza in a Swiss TB sanatorium during the pandemic, and (iii) the age-dependent TB mortality over time in the early 20th century. (hindawi.com)
The most devastating pandemic known in human history is the Spanish influenza 1918-19. (hindawi.com)
As an example, it has been described that those with tuberculosis (TB) in 1918 may have been more likely to die of influenza compared with those without TB [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), the world's first degree-granting women's medical school and a predecessor medical institution of Drexel University's College of Medicine, was already weakened by World War I when the influenza pandemic hit Philadelphia in the fall of 1918. (drexel.edu)
WMCP faculty, staff and students were involved in the 1918 influenza pandemic in Philadelphia from the very start. (drexel.edu)
For example, the Legacy Center's Public History Virtual Intern Ari McManus, a graduate student at Temple University, recently wrote a blog post, " Woman's Medical College vs. The 1918 Flu Pandemic ," summarizing the 1918 global pandemic, how it unfolded in Philadelphia and the role WMCP played in treating influenza patients during that time. (drexel.edu)
Influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968. (who.int)

Many nations are acquiring stockpiles of these drugs because of their effectiveness in influenza treatment and prophylaxis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Her research includes studies on influenza vaccine effectiveness and preventing hospitalization, the use of influenza anti-viral medications in outpatient settings, and the impact of seasonal influenza on children with neurologic disorders. (cdc.gov)
Her current primary research focuses on influenza anti-viral treatment as well as influenza vaccine effectiveness. (cdc.gov)
Further studies in controlled settings and studies of natural infections in healthcare and community settings are required to better define the effectiveness of face masks and respirators in preventing influenza virus transmission. (cambridge.org)
We conducted a systematic review [ Reference Moher 6 ] to investigate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of face masks in reducing influenza virus infection under controlled and natural conditions. (cambridge.org)
End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a test-negative case-control study design. (health.mil)

Dr. Havers completed the epidemic intelligence service training in the influenza division at CDC and is board certified to practice internal medicine and infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
In Guatemala, RSV activity continues at moderate-high levels, with elevated ILI activity and epidemic levels of SARI cases, with most ILI cases testing positive for RSV and influenza, and most SARI cases testing positive for RSV. (paho.org)
SARI cases are currently decreasing below the epidemic threshold, with almost all positives related to influenza. (paho.org)
In Nicaragua and Panama, following moderate activity levels in previous EWs, influenza positivity in both countries is currently at epidemic levels. (paho.org)
In Brazil, influenza activity is decreasing, while SARS-CoV-2 is on the rise, with SARI levels above the epidemic threshold. (paho.org)
In September, after one week of college work, the epidemic of influenza, like a specter of death, was upon us almost overnight, and three days after the disease was made reportable by the Board of Health our hospital was full to overflowing with victims of the pestilence, and our Senior, Junior and Sophomore students were released from class work and mobilized for hospital service. (drexel.edu)
With this hospital-based surveillance system, we propose to study the progression of the influenza epidemic and to try to better understand influenza in hospitalised patients, who have a higher risk of complications. (unige.ch)
Analyse the number and the characteristics of patients infected with influenza, hospitalised during an epidemic. (unige.ch)
In Mexico, influenza circulation in the last four EWs has remained at epidemic levels, and ILI and SARI activity continue to decline, with the majority of cases being associated with SARS-CoV-2 and to a lesser extent, influenza. (paho.org)
In El Salvador, RSV activity continues to be high but is decreasing, SARS-CoV-2 activity has remained low over the last three EWs, and influenza activity has shown a slight increase, reaching epidemic levels. (paho.org)
In Nicaragua, influenza activity has decreased in the last EW and remains at epidemic levels. (paho.org)
The CDC also indicates "the proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza was above the epidemic threshold" during that week. (amnhealthcare.com)

Influenza virus causes seasonal outbreaks of clinical influenza, and has been responsible for four pandemics over the last 100 years 1 . (nature.com)
Influenza A virus, the type of flu that causes most seasonal and pandemic outbreaks, has been studied extensively in animal models and tissue cultures. (nih.gov)
Objective To review the effects of school closures on pandemic and seasonal influenza outbreaks. (bmj.com)
This systematic review assesses the effects of school closures on the transmission of influenza, including data from the recent 2009 pandemic as well as from previous pandemics and seasonal outbreaks. (bmj.com)
The available data suggest that school closure can be a useful intervention during influenza outbreaks, with the greatest benefits occurring among school-aged children. (bmj.com)

Five cases of human infection with a novel influenza A virus were reported during the 2010--11 influenza season from three states. (cdc.gov)

It is referred to as 'highly pathogenic' avian influenza, or HPAI. (bto.org)
The infection of humans with the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus variant served as a reminder of the ever-present threat of emergence in human populations of new influenza virus subtypes to which there is little or no pre-existing immunity. (ispub.com)

Avian influenza is a slightly misleading term, as influenza is among the natural infections found in birds. (medscape.com)
Does this mean that they prevent a significant proportion of all viral respiratory infections? (bmj.com)
A recent study of virus population dynamics found, at least, that influenza A prevented subsequent rhinovirus infections, and influenza B prevented adenovirus infections. (bmj.com)
Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
Scientists have successfully tracked the progression of influenza virus infections within the lungs of mice. (nih.gov)
Cough and fever, usually accompanied by myalgia, headache, and sore throat, are the characteristic symptoms of influenza.3, 5 The suddenness with which these symptoms develop distinguishes influenza from other respiratory infections such as the common cold, in which symptoms develop more gradually. (ispub.com)
In one longitudinal study 6 of 138 asthmatic adults, 44% of asthma exacerbations with mean decreases in mean peak expiratory flow rate of at least 50 L/min were associated with laboratory-confirmed infections with pathogens such as influenza B, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses. (ispub.com)

There may be a small increased risk of fever and febrile convulsions with concomitant delivery of PCV13 and influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to under 5 years. (health.govt.nz)

the second system, called Sentinella , is a surveillance system in which primary care practitioners must report within a week all the Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) symptoms/diagnostics they witnessed during consultation. (unige.ch)
On a longer term, the objective is to fill a gap in the hospital surveillance of influenza in Switzerland. (unige.ch)
For a description of influenza surveillance in the WHO European Region see below . (flutrackers.com)
Every year, the Department of Defense (DOD) Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program (DODGRS) performs routine respiratory pathogen surveillance among DOD service members and their beneficiaries, and evaluates influenza VE. (health.mil)

Information about the outbreak of avian influenza in 2021 and 2022, its spread and its impact on breeding seabird populations. (bto.org)
Over the winter of 2021/22, an outbreak of avian influenza was confirmed in Barnacle Geese wintering on the Solway Firth. (bto.org)
The autumn and winter period was of particular concern with regards to wintering waterfowl, which are usually very vulnerable to avian influenza. (bto.org)
The term avian influenza used in this context refers to zoonotic human infection with an influenza strain that primarily affects birds. (medscape.com)
Avian influenza is caused by influenza A virus, which has 8 RNA segments. (medscape.com)
Avian influenza is a potential and unpredictable threat to humans because of the segmented nature of the genome. (medscape.com)
Avian Influenza is a potential zoonosis. (thepoultrysite.com)

We used information from randomised trials comparing influenza vaccine with dummy vaccine or with nothing. (cochrane.org)

By preventing influenza infection a vaccine could prevent this unexpected but positive side effect. (bmj.com)

Dr. Havers is a Medical Officer for the Influenza Prevention and Control Team within CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (cdc.gov)
METHODS Using 1998-2004 Medicare claims data, we monitored the physician continuity rate (proportion of patients receiving influenza immunization from a physician in 1 year who received a subsequent immunization from the same physician the subsequent year) and other clinician rate (proportion of patients with claims from 1 physician in 1 year with a claim from another clinician the subsequent year) in West Virginia Medicare beneficiaries from 2000-2004. (annfammed.org)
The West Virginia Medical Institute (WVMI, a Medicare quality improvement organization) has conducted projects aimed at improving rates of influenza immunization in West Virginia since the mid-1990s. (annfammed.org)
7 Zimmerman and colleagues 8 observed no reduction in self-reported influenza immunization rates in an inner-city population with good access to vaccine in 2000 , but respondents' attitudes about influenza vaccine changed for the worse. (annfammed.org)
Increasing the proportion of providers who participate in the Delaware Immunization Information System (IIS), known as DelVAX including the use of bi-directional exchange of data. (hhs.gov)
Week 15 ending April 13, 2013 Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (U.S.). Influenza Division. (cdc.gov)

We compared strategies for stockpiling neuraminidase inhibitors to treat and prevent influenza in Singapore. (cdc.gov)
Increased insight into the mechanisms of influenza virus replication combined with advances in the science of rational drug design have resulted in the development of the neuraminidase inhibitors, a new class of medicines that promise significantly to impact the management of influenza. (ispub.com)
Another important message for providers is to know when to use oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) or other neuraminidase inhibitors for the management of influenza. (medscape.com)

Brazil and Southern Cone: Influenza activity remains at low circulation levels. (paho.org)

Verify the possibility of gathering a minimal amount of high-quality epidemiological, clinical, and viral data about hospital cases of influenza. (unige.ch)

All 10 regions reported a proportion of outpatient visits for ILI at or above their region-specific baseline level. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

An important tool for the management of influenza, zanamivir will help health care practitioners to reduce the clinical, economic, and humanistic impacts of this disease. (ispub.com)

An annual flu vaccine is the best way to protect against influenza and its potentially serious complications. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

We have reviewed an extensive body of the literature on the effects of school closure on the incidence and transmission of influenza. (bmj.com)

Amid growing concern about influenza pandemics, national preparedness plans have become essential. (cdc.gov)
New influenza A virus subtypes emerge periodically that have caused pandemics in humans. (health.govt.nz)
Influenza pandemics, which have occurred approximately every 15 years over the last century, cause significant morbidity and mortality. (ispub.com)

According to the Centers for Disease Control, or CDC , for the week ending Jan. 19, "47 states reported widespread geographic influenza activity. (k-state.edu)
As the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to issue updated influenza activity data in its weekly field views, it's important for us as physicians to frame this information for our patients and families. (medscape.com)

We looked for evidence of the impact of influenza or ILI such as hospital admission, complications, and death. (cochrane.org)

The strain of influenza virus behind the outbreak has a high potential to cause disease. (bto.org)

Are minority groups more or less likely to adopt influenza prevention behaviors? (medscape.com)
As with other diseases, prevention of influenza is the most effective strategy. (medscape.com)
Influenza vaccine remains our best means for prevention, and it's still not too late to get the influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)

I am delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call: 2015 to 2016 Influenza Activity and Clinical Recommendations. (cdc.gov)

Conclusions School closures appear to have the potential to reduce influenza transmission, but the heterogeneity in the data available means that the optimum strategy (eg, the ideal length and timing of closure) remains unclear. (bmj.com)

The model compared 3 strategies: supportive management (no action), early treatment of clinical influenza with oseltamivir (treatment only), and prophylaxis in addition to early treatment (prophylaxis). (cdc.gov)

Influenza activity has decreased to low circulation levels. (paho.org)

Analyzing the data (i), we found that the W-shaped pattern was not only seen in mortality but also in the age-specific case fatality ratio, suggesting the presence of underlying age-specific risk factor(s) of influenza death among young adults. (hindawi.com)
Addressing the age-specific excess mortality estimate of the Spanish influenza pandemic using historical baseline, the deaths among the elderly tend to be diminished, but the peak among young adults still remains, suggesting an excess risk of death among those aged 25-35 years [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Fatality proportions were highest among infants, young adults, and the elderly. (nih.gov)
The Harvard School of Public Health conducted a national survey of patients' experience trying to get influenza vaccine during the 2004 shortage, finding that 37% of adults aged 65 years and older and 54% of adults younger than 65 years with chronic disease had been unable to get the vaccine. (annfammed.org)
Influenza-virus-mediated disease can be associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, particularly in younger children and older adults. (mdpi.com)
Children aged under 5 years are more likely than older children or adults to have a febrile reaction to influenza vaccine. (health.govt.nz)

Anatomy17

Organisms38

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs47

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities2

Information Science8

Named Groups3

Health Care44

Geographicals17

H1n143

Pandemic influenza12

Viruses39

H3N28

Vaccination17

Illness17

Vaccines19

Positive for influenza5

Strains9

Severe13

Antiviral4

Burden of influenza1

20195

Epidemics2

Case of influenza1

Treatment of influenza1

Subtype2

Laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations2

Epidemiology1

Victoria1

19188

Effectiveness6

Epidemic12

Outbreaks5

Novel influenza A vir1

Pathogenic2

Infections7

Vaccine in Children Aged1

Surveillance4

Avian7

Comparing influenza vaccine1

Preventing influenza infection1

Immunization6

Neuraminidase3

Brazil and Southern Cone1

Cases of influenza1

Outpatient visits1

Management of influenza1

Protect against influenza1

Transmission of influenza1

Pandemics3

Centers2

Complications1

Outbreak1

Prevention3

20161

Reduce influenza1

Clinical influenza1

Activity has decreased1

Adults6