Properties of supercritical fluids. Medical search. Frequent questions

For engineering purposes, supercritical fluids can be regarded as "hybrid solvents" with properties between those of gases and liquids, such as a solvent with a low viscosity , high diffusion rates and no surface tension . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Diffusivities of solutes in supercritical carbon dioxide are up to a factor 10 higher than in liquid solvents. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Additionally, these properties are strongly pressure-dependent in the vicinity of the critical point, making supercritical fluids highly tunable solvents. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Figure 1 illustrates the spectrum of critical fluid-based solvents that can be applied to lipophilic substrates to produce food and nutraceutical ingredients from lipid-containing feedstocks. (aocs.org)
Describe some common "green" solvents such as ionic liquids and supercritical fluids including their properties, structure etc, and some examples of their uses and relative advantages. (bath.ac.uk)
She is internationally known for her research in the development of solvents, specifically supercritical fluids and ionic liquids. (insideindianabusiness.com)
Talks that focus on using other supercritical fluids should consider existing sessions on Reactions in Near and Supercritical Fluids , with the exception of near and supercritical alchohols as these solvents have critical properties comparable to water and have been recently used to achieve similar results. (confex.com)
Supercritical fluids are unique solvents which give a wide range of advantages for chemistry in general, and materials processing in particular. (nottingham.edu.cn)
In addition, replacement of petrochemical-derived hydrocarbon chromatography solvents with supercritical carbon dioxide, and the use of selective adsorbents and reactive resins, are presented as examples of greener approaches to the removal of impurities from pharmaceutical intermediates. (ddw-online.com)

The rise of supercritical fluid fractionation (SFF) methodology, embracing columnar-based schemes using distillation-type towers, as well as production-scale supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), is documented in the literature [4], but these techniques have faced stiff competition from technologies such as molecular distillation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (aocs.org)
By exploiting properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2), such as solvating power and enhanced diffusivity, organosilanes are reacted with surface silanol groups, for a clean, solvent-free preparation of highly efficient silica bonded phases for liquid chromatography (LC), such as octadecylsilica, fluorinated octylsilica and pentafluorophenylpropyl phases (1). (labmate-online.com)
Bioanalytical HPLC includes advanced theoretical treatment of liquid chromatographic separation modes and the underlying distribution and adsorption equilibria including reversed-phase chromatography, normal-phase chromatography, ion chromatography, ion-pair chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), size exclusion chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. (lu.se)
A rapid method for the separation of vitamin D and its metabolites by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (lu.se)

At the critical point, the densities of the equilibrium liquid phase and the saturated vapor phases become equal, resulting in the formation of a single supercritical phase. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the pressure-temperature phase diagram (Fig. 1) the boiling curve separates the gas and liquid region and ends in the critical point, where the liquid and gas phases disappear to become a single supercritical phase. (wikipedia.org)

Kenaf seeds oil (KSO) was from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction fluid (SFE) at 9 different permutations of parameters based on range of pressures from 200 to 600 bars and temperature from 40 to 80°C. They were 200/40, 200/60, 200/80, 400/40, 400/60, 400/80, 600/40, 600/60, and 600/80. (hindawi.com)
The article includes a step-by-step illustration of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of caffeine. (frostburg.edu)

One of the most important properties is the solubility of material in the fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Solubility in a supercritical fluid tends to increase with density of the fluid (at constant temperature). (wikipedia.org)
Other advantages include the solubility of gases within supercritical mixtures, the high diffusion rates, and the variable and adjustable density, solvent power, and dielectric constant of the medium. (orionsarm.com)
That property removes a limitation that is well known in standard liquids, including water, in which reactions are limited by the poor solubility of gases in the standard liquid. (orionsarm.com)
Determination of solubility and thermodynamic equilibrium data in supercritical fluids. (uva.es)
Development of formulations with improved properties: release rate control, solubility enhancement, release modulated by temperature or pH changes. (uva.es)

As shown by this pressure-temperature phase diagram, carbon dioxide is a supercritical fluid above its critical point of 301.1 K and 73.8 bar. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its thermodynamic critical point. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Listening to discontinuities in the sound of a rolling flint ball in a sealed cannon filled with fluids at various temperatures, he observed the critical temperature. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Above this temperature, the densities of the liquid and gas phases become equal and the distinction between them disappears, resulting in a single supercritical fluid phase. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
By definition, a supercritical fluid is a substance above both its critical temperature and pressure. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
One of the most important properties of supercritical fluids is that their solvating properties are a complex function of their pressure and temperature, independent of their density. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. (wikipedia.org)
By changing the pressure and temperature of the fluid, the properties can be "tuned" to be more liquid-like or more gas-like. (wikipedia.org)
The tensile tests at ambient and elevated temperature were used to study the mechanical properties. (4spe.org)
In the case of mechanical properties, the tensile test at elevated temperature showed that the strength of the blends of recycled PET/virgin PET were lower than those ones of virgin PET. (4spe.org)
Columnar fractionation-based methods, based on longitudinal temperature gradients along the column, can be operated in either concurrent or countercurrent modes with respect to substrate feeds vs. flow of the critical fluid. (aocs.org)
In the region beyond the critical point no pressure or temperature change can convert a supercritical fluid to a gas or liquid. (jove.com)
Supercritical fluids have adjustable extraction characteristics due to their density, which can be controlled by changes in temperature and pressure [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Carbon dioxide is commonly used as a supercritical fluid because of its nontoxicity, nonflammability, low cost, moderate critical pressure, high critical density, and low critical temperature. (hindawi.com)
The low value of critical temperature is the most attractive property to extract thermolabile compounds [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
38) Its high critical temperature (647 K) implies that many organic species are unstable in supercritical water. (orionsarm.com)
Supercritical fluid is a material created under certain circumstances of temperature and pressure. (top10junky.com)
The pressure and temperature axes on this phase diagram of water are not drawn to constant scale in order to illustrate several important properties. (pressbooks.pub)
Determination of phase equilibrium data at high pressure and temperature (up to 500 bar, 300ºC) or with supercritical fluids. (uva.es)
Reaction experiments at high pressure and temperature or with supercritical fluids. (uva.es)
The combined effects of concentration, time of impregnation, scCO 2 pressure, and temperature showed that only a narrow set of conditions allowed for permanent impregnation without deterioration of the properties of the silk fibers. (lu.se)

Her research interests include supercritical fluid technology, ionic liquids, thermodynamics, environmentally benign chemical processing and carbon dioxide separation, storage and usage. (insideindianabusiness.com)

35) Although most of that work concerns supercritical carbon dioxide as the solvent, fluorinated hydrocarbons (HCF3) and simple alkanes (e.g., ethane, propane) have also been reported,(36) providing a formal demonstration that terran-derived proteins can function in these media. (orionsarm.com)
This thesis work explores the effects of a supercritical fluid reaction medium on the catalytic performance of the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction. (auburn.edu)
The characteristic solvation properties of the PAHs are accounted for mainly by the additional dispersion interactions (E descriptor) and dipole-type interactions (S descriptor) resulting from the availability of easily polarizable electrons that complement typical dispersion interactions for saturated hydrocarbons. (bvsalud.org)

Typically, supercritical fluids are completely miscible with each other, so that a binary mixture forms a single gaseous phase if the critical point of the mixture is exceeded. (wikipedia.org)
Ordinary gases, such as O2 and H2, are miscible with supercritical fluids, such as supercritical CO2. (orionsarm.com)

The methods are demonstrated on a simulator which represents a validated state-space model of a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction process. (mdpi.com)
Several advantages offer the technology of supercritical fluids in the processes of extracting essential oil from vegetable matter with SC-CO 2 , but in many of these solid-fluid systems, it is not well defined as the kind of phenomenon that controls the extraction process. (hindawi.com)

Many other physical properties also show large gradients with pressure near the critical point, for example, viscosity , the relative permitivity and the solvent strength, which are all closely related to the density. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the case of supercritical carbon dioxide, the viscosity is in the range of 20-100 µPa·s (0.02-0.1 cP), where liquids have viscosities of approximately 500-1000 µPa·s (0.5-1.0 cP) and gases approximately 10 µPa·s (0.01 cP), respectively. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Source: International Association for Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) Table 2 shows density, diffusivity and viscosity for typical liquids, gases and supercritical fluids. (wikipedia.org)
2) supercritical fluid has a higher diffusion coefficient and lower viscosity and surface tension than a liquid solvent, leading to a more favorable mass transfer. (hindawi.com)

The extraction of essential oil from a solid matter could be controlled by diffusion or kinetics phenomena but the thermodynamic properties could indicate if the process is possible to develop. (hindawi.com)

This supercritical fluid technology is also applicable to the synthesis of important silica intermediates and even to the preparation of chiral stationary phases. (labmate-online.com)
Manufacture of mesoporous aerogels by drying with supercritical fluids: silica, alginate, cellulose or carbon aerogels. (uva.es)

Here, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) as a carrier fluid, we explored the impregnation in four Indian silks (Mulberry, Eri, Muga, and Tasar) with five standard sizes of gold nanoparticles (5, 20, 50, 100 and 150 nm in diameter). (lu.se)

2016. Investigation of different modeling approaches for computational fluid dynamics simulation of high-pressure rocket combustors. (eucass-proceedings.eu)
The group's strategy is based on process engineering based on a study of the fundamentals of the processes: physical-chemical properties, thermodynamics, mechanisms, mathematical modeling, to reach a product engineering oriented to specific applications. (uva.es)

Because of their intermediate physical properties, SCF media possess higher solvent strength and thermal conductivities than gases while also possessing gas-like diffusivities and viscosities, thus allowing for a single phase reaction environment in which both liquid products and heat are efficiently extracted from the catalyst without hindering the diffusion of gaseous reactants. (auburn.edu)

Carbon dioxide and water are the most commonly used supercritical fluids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In Table 1, the critical properties are shown for some components, which are commonly used as supercritical fluids. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

High Performance Surfactants and Lubricants - Extraction of impurities and fractionation can tailor product properties and improve performance. (phasex4scf.com)

At the critical point, (304.1 K and 7.38 MPa (73.8 bar)), there is no difference in density, and the 2 phases become one fluid phase. (wikipedia.org)
At 73 atm and 31 °C, both liquid and vapor phases of carbon dioxide will coalesce into a single-phase supercritical fluid. (jove.com)
Structure and dynamics of molecular solutions in bulk and confined systems, Structure and dynamics of molecular clusters with charge defects, Chemical reaction dynamics in condensed phases and in clusters, Molecular properties of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-vapour interfaces, Structure and dynamics of supercooled and supercritical fluids, Structure and Dynamics of macromolecular solutions, Computer simulations of clusters and condensed phases using classical and quantum methods. (iitk.ac.in)
The physical properties of water under these conditions are intermediate between those of its liquid and gaseous phases. (pressbooks.pub)

The distribution of neutral compounds in biphasic separation systems can be described by the solvation parameter model using six solute properties, or descriptors. (bvsalud.org)

The results of this investigation suggest that, compared to operation in a gas phase environment, conducting the MTH reaction in the presence of supercritical isooctane led to improved catalyst maintenance, as evidenced in part by increased hydrocarbon production with increasing time-on-stream as well as decreased coke accumulation. (auburn.edu)
Upgrading of biomass and hydrocarbon resources in near and supercritical water has been an active topic in both university and industry labs for the past decade. (confex.com)

Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions: Eﬀects of ion concentration on thesingle particle, pair and collective dynamical properties of ions and water molecules,J. Chem. (iitk.ac.in)
My research focuses primarily on connecting structural and dynamical properties of complex fluids. (nist.gov)

There were significant differences in the recrystallization behaviour as far as the thermal properties were concerned. (4spe.org)
Recrystallization of natural and pharmaceutical actives by means of supercritical carbon dioxide: SAS, PGSS, PGSS-drying processes. (uva.es)
Recrystallization and formulation of active compounds using pressurized fluid processes. (uva.es)

Other properties, such as density, can also be calculated using equations of state. (wikipedia.org)
A small increase in pressure causes a large increase in the density of the supercritical phase. (wikipedia.org)

However, at extremely high pressures the fluid can solidify, as visible at the top of Figure 1. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The fact that supercritical fluids can be removed without a residue is an advantage. (orionsarm.com)

Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide is an excellent nonpolar solvent for many organic compounds, including caffeine. (frostburg.edu)
Organic chemists have been attracted for a variety of reasons to supercritical media as an environment for performing reactions. (orionsarm.com)

Also, there is no surface tension in a supercritical fluid, as there is no liquid/gas phase boundary. (wikipedia.org)

Recently, in concordance with green chemistry, supercritical fluid extraction has increased the attention as an important alternative to conventional methods. (hindawi.com)

Extraction of active compounds with supercritical carbon dioxide. (uva.es)

Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. (eucass-proceedings.eu)

Development of encapsulated sage extract powder: Inter-comparison with commercially available powder for physical properties and metabolites composition. (ebsco.com)

Supercritical fluid (SCF) reaction media have been successfully employed in other exothermic and mass transfer limited reactions, such as Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Higher Alcohol Synthesis, to mitigate the problems associated with traditional gas phase operation. (auburn.edu)
She also received the 2009 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award from the United States Department of Energy, the 2008 Julius Stieglitz Lecturer Award from the ACS and the 2007 John M. Prausnitz Award for outstanding achievement in applied chemical thermodynamics from the Conference on Properties and Phase Equilibria for Product and Process Design. (insideindianabusiness.com)
Here, we define near and supercritical water as water held in the liquid phase but at temperatures greater than its normal boiling point. (confex.com)

Other honors she has received include the 2006 Professional Progress Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the 2001 Ipatieff Prize from ACS in recognition of her high-pressure studies of the local structure of supercritical fluid solutions and the effect of this local structure on the rates of homogeneous reactions. (insideindianabusiness.com)

This paper explores the possibility for supercritical CO2 as a solvent for alien lifeforms, and the results are promising. (orionsarm.com)

An introduction to supercritical fluids and their applications, including decaffeination of coffee and waste treatment. (frostburg.edu)

Supercritical water is found on Earth, such as the water issuing from black smokers, a type of hydrothermal vent. (wikipedia.org)
Supercritical water is a key species in mineralogy, as well as in the commercial synthesis of crystalline inorganic species, including alpha-quartz and gemstones. (orionsarm.com)
The group has carried out research activity on supercritical fluids, mainly carbon dioxide and supercritical water , since 1994, and is currently one of the most recognized groups in this field worldwide. (uva.es)
Reaction processes in carbon dioxide or supercritical water. (uva.es)

A brief introduction to supercritical CO 2 extraction, an economically important technology used to decaffeinate coffee and tea, extract hops flavors in brewing, and extracting aromas and flavors from spices and herbs. (frostburg.edu)
The term "supercritical fluid extraction" (SFE) in the field of oils and fats processing often brings to mind a technology that emerged in the early 1980s as a potential replacement for hexane extraction of commodity seed oils [1]. (aocs.org)
It is interesting to examine the developmental eras of critical fluid-based technology ( Fig. 2 ) and their relevance to lipids processing. (aocs.org)
After years of R&D, Amorim Cork has brought supercritical fluid technology well into the 21st Century. (amorimcork.com)
This is due to a high voltage power supply developed in-house by concentrating Shimadzu's LCMS history and technology, and a proprietary polarity switching algorithm (UFstabilization, patent pending) developed by thoroughly investigating the properties of the high voltage power supply. (shimadzu.com)

Lauric acid treatments to oxidized and control biochars and their effects on rubber composite tensile properties. (usda.gov)
In this study, we demonstrate a hybrid multimodal soft magnetic composite (SMC) comprising gas-atomized spherical amorphous powder (AP) and carbonyl-iron powder (CIP), and present its enhanced electromagnetic properties. (ebsco.com)

2001. Presentation of test case RCM-3: Supercritical spray combustion at 60 bar at MASCOTTE. (eucass-proceedings.eu)
2008. Real gas CFD simulation of supercritical H 2 -LO x combustion in the Mascotte single-injector combustor using a commercial CFD code. (eucass-proceedings.eu)

An interesting property is that some substances are soluble in the supercritical state of a solvent (e.g. carbon dioxide) but insoluble in the gaseous or liquid state-or vice versa. (wikipedia.org)
The fluid fills the container like a gas, but can dissolve substances like a liquid. (frostburg.edu)
G.A. Spiridonov, I.S. Kvasov, Reviews of thermal-physical properties of substances. (epj-conferences.org)
V.A. Gruzdev, V.I. Slabnyak, Investigation of thermal-physical properties of substances. (epj-conferences.org)

The Supercritical Fluids Area represents the core of the technical and scientific knowledge of the research group. (uva.es)

It requires a series of analyses to determine how long a product maintains the properties and characteristics it possessed at the time of its packaging. (pittcon.org)

In short, supercritical fluid is a substance somewhere between liquid and gas. (top10junky.com)

Most of these facilities use supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) since CO 2 is environmentally benign and readily available from the atmosphere, geological deposits, and fermentation processes (such as bioethanol production). (aocs.org)
Encapsulation of natural and pharmaceutical actives by supercritical fluid processes: encapsulation by SAS, PGSS, PGSS-drying, supercritical extraction of emulsions, precipitation from pressurized emulsions. (uva.es)

Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties. (academicjournals.org)
Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. (academicjournals.org)

The descriptors estimated by convenient chromatographic and partition constant measurements are demonstrated to be a viable alternative to the experimental determination of environmental properties otherwise only available by tedious, expensive, and low data throughput experimental techniques. (bvsalud.org)

Supercritical fluids generally have properties between those of a gas and a liquid. (wikipedia.org)
It is stored as a supercritical fluid , meaning that it has properties between those of a gas and a liquid. (nvidia.com)

Materials and methods: We studied the physicochemical properties of aqueous extracts of leaves (fresh) and flowers (fresh and dry) of Sambucus nigra L collected from the Rhodope region of Bulgaria. (researchgate.net)
Pressure effects on the dynamics and hydrogen bond properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions: Therole of ion screening,J. Phys. (iitk.ac.in)

My field of expertise is computational statistical mechanics, in particular, the application of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods to the study of fluids. (nist.gov)

In a practical sense, the area of interest in supercritical fluids for processing and separation purposes is limited to temperatures in the vicinity of the critical point, where large gradients in the physical properties are observed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
If a "production plant" is defined as a process that produces a product for sale, then it has been estimated that there are over 125 plants worldwide using critical fluids. (aocs.org)
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, critical fluid-based techniques were gradually adopted by analytical chemists. (aocs.org)
The properties of the solvent medium for electrodeposition are critical to the technique's applicability. (nottingham.edu.cn)

When CO 2 is injected at depth into a reservoir, it remains in this supercritical condition as long as it stays in excess of 31.1° C and at a pressure in excess of 73.86 bar. (nvidia.com)

This unique state of matter is called a supercritical fluid, a topic that will be described in the next section of this module. (pressbooks.pub)

Inclusion complexes between starch and long-chain dicarboxylic acids by jet cooking: Characterization and thermal properties. (usda.gov)
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the thermal properties. (4spe.org)

This paper discusses the thermal and mechanical properties of virgin PET, recycled PET and their blends. (4spe.org)
Fundamentals and Mechanical Properties of PSA Tapes4. (or.jp)

It suspends the dividing lines of physical properties as we know them. (top10junky.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Solvents9

Chromatography4

Single supercritical phase2

Carbon dioxide extraction2

Solubility6

Temperature21

Ionic liquids1

Hydrocarbons3

Miscible2

Extraction process2

Viscosity4

Thermodynamic properties1

Silica2

Impregnation1

Modeling2

Gases1

Commonly2

Fractionation1

Phases4

Solute1

Hydrocarbon2

Dynamical properties2

Recrystallization3

Density2

Pressures1

Residue1

Organic2

Surface tension1

Green chemistry1

Compounds1

Numerical1

Metabolites1

Phase3

Reactions1

Explores1

Decaffeination1

Water4

Technology5

Composite2

Combustion2

Substances4

Represents1

Characteristics1

Substance1

Processes2

Oils2

Determination1

Liquid2

Aqueous2

Dynamics1

Critical4

Pressure1

State1

Thermal properties2

Mechanical properties2

Physical properties1