• A signal peptide (sometimes referred to as signal sequence, targeting signal, localization signal, localization sequence, transit peptide, leader sequence or leader peptide) is a short peptide (usually 16-30 amino acids long) present at the N-terminus (or occasionally nonclassically at the C-terminus or internally) of most newly synthesized proteins that are destined toward the secretory pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Surprisingly, Loc1p was found to be strictly nuclear, unlike other known RNA-binding proteins involved in mRNA localization which shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Using protein biochemistry and next generation sequencing, I discovered that multiple proteins of the Polycomb group, critical for epigenetic repression, bind to RNA and that their RNA binding activity contributes both to chromatin localization and to regulation of PRC2 activity at specific genes (Kaneko 2013). (upenn.edu)
  • ACBD3 is responsible for proper localization of enteroviral 3A proteins in host cells, which is important for 3A to recruit PI4KB. (uu.nl)
  • To address this gap in our understanding, I am studying how these polarity proteins contribute to proper tube morphogenesis during the formation of specialized structures on Drosophila melanogaster eggshells called dorsal appendages (DAs). (uw.edu)
  • I used RNA interference (RNAi) to assess the role of 24 candidate proteins in DA formation. (uw.edu)
  • To explore this role, I am studying crb protein localization during tube elongation, assaying DA defects after knocking down expression using RNAi in subsets of cells, and analyzing the distribution of adhesion, motor, and other polarity proteins when crb is completely absent in null clones. (uw.edu)
  • Various factors, such as microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, can modulate the activity of translation factors, which bind to the ribosome and regulate protein synthesis. (vikipedi.org)
  • Residues that compose the RNA-binding surface are conserved in a subgroup of SAM domain-containing proteins, suggesting that the function of the domain is conserved from yeast to humans. (embl.de)
  • This basic two-step process has been confirmed in most mammalian cells, although its regulation and the repertoire of specific accessory proteins are likely to be highly context dependent. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Finally, we showed that Bonus SUMOylation is mediated by the SUMO E3-ligase Su(var)2-10, revealing that although SUMOylation of TIF1 proteins is conserved between insects and mammals, both the mechanism and specific site of modification is different in the two taxa. (elifesciences.org)
  • Loading controls can be general whole cell proteins or specific markers for subcellular fractions (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, membrane). (novusbio.com)
  • The mtHsp70 mtHsp40 and Mge1 proteins colocalize throughout the mt lumen and their RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion has a massive impact on both kDNA maxicircles and kDNA minicircles. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Subcellular localization of the studied proteins was assayed by immunofluorescence using monoclonal anti-mtHsp70 antibody (58) as well as anti-protein A antibody which allowed visualization of the PTP-tagged versions of mtHsp70 mtHsp40 and Mge1. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C , governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. (nature.com)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our data show that the stable knockdown of HIPK2 led to wtp53 misfolding, as detected by p53 immunoprecipitation with conformation-specific antibodies, and that p53 protein misfolding impaired p53 DNA binding and transcription of target genes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We present evidence that zinc supplementation to HIPK2i cells increased p53 reactivity to conformation-sensitive PAb1620 (wild-type conformation) antibody and restored p53 sequence-specific DNA binding in vivo and transcription of target genes in response to Adriamycin treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Genes encoding the RNA portion of the ribosome (rDNA) are present in essentially all eukaryotic genomes as tandem repeated arrays. (uw.edu)
  • RNA sequencing followed by differential expression analysis was used to identify genes with high expression in DGASTs vs. other GI tumors. (biochain.com)
  • Specifically ETV1 may contribute to the forming of Cefdinir dopaminergic neurons through the rules of varied dopamine transportation and synthesis genes and in addition contributes to development of proper contacts between group 1a sensory afferents and engine neurons [38] [39]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • In our work, we characterized subcellular organization of F-actin in human high- and low-quality spermatozoa (A- and B-SPZ), respectively, showing that F-actin over-expression in sperm head of B-SPZ affected IZUMO1 localization. (ijbs.com)
  • The subcellular localization of EZH2 protein was predicted by using different predictors (CELLO, Euk-mPLoc, WoLF PSORT, and TargetP). (hindawi.com)
  • A large number of the Prestige Antibodies have been used in subcellular localization studies by immunofluorescence (IF) staining of three cell lines: A-431, U-2 OS, and U-251MG. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Fission is necessary for proper mitochondrial transport, which depends on the specific energy demands of subcellular regions. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Using this element in the three-hybrid in vivo RNA-binding assay, we identified a protein, Loc1p, that binds in vitro directly to the wild-type ASH1 3′-UTR RNA, but not to a mutant RNA incapable of localizing to the bud nor to several other mRNAs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Kaneko S, Son J, Shen SS, Reinberg D†, Bonasio R†. PRC2 binds active promoters and contacts nascent RNA in embryonic stem cells. (upenn.edu)
  • In yeast, the RFB is a specific sequence to which the protein Fob1 binds, blocking replication forks that converge with transcription. (uw.edu)
  • During transcription, the DNA double helix is unwound, and RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand. (vikipedi.org)
  • Anteroposterior patterning in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on the sequence-specific RNA-binding protein Smaug, which binds to and regulates the translation of nanos (nos) mRNA. (embl.de)
  • We show here that the SAM domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vts1 binds RNA with the same specificity as Smaug and that Vts1 induces transcript degradation through a mechanism involving the cytoplasmic deadenylase CCR4. (embl.de)
  • We recently identified a novel RNA-binding protein, Isha, that binds to the su(Hw) mRNA and is required for gypsy insulator function. (nih.gov)
  • Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci. (rochester.edu)
  • The RNA polymerase then moves along the template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. (vikipedi.org)
  • As released so far Pkp nuclear organizations possess intriguingly included Pkp1-catenin binding to single-strand DNA and Pkp2-catenin towards the RNA polymerase III holoenzyme [26] [35]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • In keeping with previously reports suggesting feasible nuclear jobs in advancement we previously proven prominent nuclear localization of Pkp3 in na?ve ectoderm ("pet cover") cells and recently resolved an identical localization Cefdinir in mouse embryonic stem cells. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • LOC1 codes for a novel protein that recognizes double-stranded RNA structures and is required for efficient localization of ASH1 mRNA. (elsevierpure.com)
  • More recently, I have adapted my protein-RNA interaction mapping technique to identify additional regions of PRC2 that interact RNA and found the protein surface likely responsible for the RNA-mediated inhibition of its activity (Zhang 2019). (upenn.edu)
  • These modifications can alter the activity, stability, and localization of the protein, and are critical for proper protein function. (vikipedi.org)
  • The Nanos protein gradient in Drosophila, required for proper abdominal segmentation, is generated in part via translational repression of its mRNA by Smaug. (embl.de)
  • This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag. (cusabio.com)
  • A loading control is an antibody specific for a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed protein and can be used to normalize protein levels in Western blot. (novusbio.com)
  • In the absence of a specific antibody the depletion of mtHsp40 was checked in a cell line designed to endogenously express the PTP-tagged mtHsp40 protein from a single allele. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The localization of ASH1 mRNA to the distal tip of budding yeast cells is essential for the proper regulation of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hantaviruses are enveloped, negative, single-stranded RNA viruses with a tripartite genome comprised of large, medium, and small segments. (cdc.gov)
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Further Pkp-catenin actions in the nuclear area have grown to be of increased curiosity using the recognition of relationships between Pkp2-catenin and RNA Pol III and Pkp1 with single-stranded DNA. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • In vertebrates, the region of the mRNA that codes for the signal peptide (i.e. the signal sequence coding region, or SSCR) can function as an RNA element with specific activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A localization element that is predominantly in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) can direct this mRNA to the bud. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We propose that efficient cytoplasmic ASH1 mRNA localization requires a previous interaction with specific nuclear factors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The resulting RNA molecule is known as messenger RNA (mRNA) and carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome. (vikipedi.org)
  • The maintenance of epigenetic memory critically relies on proper targeting of complexes that modify chromatin structure. (upenn.edu)
  • We also discovered the RNA-binding activity of another chromatin modifier, TET2, and found that this enzyme regulates levels of small noncoding RNAs derived from tRNAs (He 2020). (upenn.edu)
  • In conclusion, the current work shows a key role of F-actin in the control of IZUMO1 localization as well as chromatin remodeling and acetylation events. (ijbs.com)
  • It has become increasingly apparent that proper control of gene expression requires complex organization of DNA at the level of chromatin. (nih.gov)
  • SUMOylation influences Bonus's subnuclear localization, its association with chromatin and interaction with SetDB1. (elifesciences.org)
  • These changes or mutations in RNA can lead to different scenarios: it can be an evolutionary dead end and kill the virus, it can be an irrelevant and not noticeable change or it can bring some advantages, for example, better dealing with the immune system or better reaching the cells. (medrxiv.org)
  • This list continues to expand, and, as of this writing, specific mutations listed on OMIM are known for 7 autosomal dominant LGMDs and 23 autosomal recessive LGMDs. (medscape.com)
  • Two yeast strains were used, differing in the biogenesis of peroxisomes, the organelles supplying the membranous vesicular environment in which CymRSV RNA replication takes place in infected plant cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • DI RNA replication occurred in yeast cells, as demonstrated by the presence of monomers and dimers of positive and negative polarities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • DI RNA replication also took place in yeast cells devoid of peroxisomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We further show that KNL-1 and BUB-1, like CLS-2, promote the proper organization of sub-cortical microtubules and also limit membrane ingression throughout the oocyte. (bvsalud.org)
  • Schip1 is necessary for promoting membrane localization and phosphorylation of Hpo by recruiting the Hpo kinase Tao-1 . (sdbonline.org)
  • This interaction is essential for the localization of SGO1 to centromeres and protects centromeric cohesin against WAPL-mediated cohesin release. (cbinsights.com)
  • Our email address details are the first ever to record the interaction of the sequence-specific transcription element with any Pkp. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Shields EJ, Sheng L, Weiner AK, Garcia BA, Bonasio R. High-quality genome assemblies reveal long non-coding RNAs expressed in ant brains. (upenn.edu)
  • In particular, the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome) consortium pioneered the discovery of the noncoding RNA world by providing, through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE-Seq), the first evidence that large portions of our genome are transcribed, producing a multitude of sense and antisense transcripts 12 . (nature.com)
  • In the latest genome annotation, lncRNAs, which are arbitrarily defined as noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides, constitute ~72% of the transcribed genome 13 , whereas mRNAs comprise only 19%, indicating the need for functional annotation of lncRNAs. (nature.com)
  • Like all other positive-strand RNA viruses, genome replication of enteroviruses occurs on rearranged membranous structures called replication organelles (ROs). (uu.nl)
  • Altogether, our data provide new insight into the central role of ACBD3 in recruiting PI4KB by enterovirus 3A and reveal the minimal domains of ACBD3 involved in recruiting PI4KB and supporting enterovirus replication.IMPORTANCE Similar to all other positive-strand RNA viruses, enteroviruses reorganize host cellular membranes for efficient genome replication. (uu.nl)
  • Reconstitution of wild-type (wt) ACBD3 restored PI4KB recruitment and 3A localization, while an ACBD3 mutant that cannot bind to PI4KB restored 3A localization, but not virus replication. (uu.nl)
  • Various factors, such as environmental cues and intracellular signaling pathways, can modulate the activity of transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate gene expression. (vikipedi.org)
  • Using RNA immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (RIP-seq), we made the striking finding that certain mRNAs, including that encoding Su(Hw) itself, associate stably with gypsy insulator complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Inactivation of Dos1 or Cdc20 also leads to deposition of noncoding RNA transcripts from centromeric cores an attribute common to mutants impacting kinetochore integrity. (healthyguide.info)
  • Dos2 and Dos1 are necessary for centromeric localization of CENP-A. (and mutants CENP-Acnp1-GFP amounts at centromeric cores are considerably reduced (Fig. 1 and regions are contain and heterochromatic suprisingly low degrees of CENP-Acnp1. (healthyguide.info)
  • Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. (nature.com)
  • We identified two novel, tissue-specific negative regulators of gypsy insulator function that affect both enhancer blocking and barrier activities. (nih.gov)
  • Together, our work identified Bonus as a regulator of tissue-specific gene expression and revealed the importance of SUMOylation as a regulator of complex formation in the context of transcriptional repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Insulators are required for the formation of topologically associating domains (TADs), and on a local scale, insulators enforce the strict specific and temporal expression of loci with complex enhancer and/or promoter configuration. (nih.gov)
  • These domains are frequently associated with specific gene loci, the activities of which appear to contribute to their biogenesis ( Dundr and Misteli, 2010 ). (rupress.org)
  • Gen-Probe RNA test, interferon-gamma assay, urine-based antigen test). (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, F-actin depolymerization was also associated with a correct acrosome repositioning, thus to favor a proper acrosome reaction onset, with changes in sperm nuclear size parameters and histone acetylation rate reaching high-quality conditions. (ijbs.com)
  • The Onecut homeodomain transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor 6 (Hnf6) is necessary for proper development of islet β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The classic archetypal function of nuclear bodies is to accelerate specific reactions within their crowded space. (rupress.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that the sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domain of Smaug functions as an RNA-recognition domain. (embl.de)
  • RNA recognition via the SAM domain of Smaug. (embl.de)
  • Shep harbors two highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and genetic evidence points to a functional relationship between its RNA-binding capability and insulator function. (nih.gov)
  • Unfortunately, these serologic analyses were mainly based on cross-reactivity with better documented hantaviruses from Eurasia within the Murinae -associated hantavirus virus genera and did not enable identification of viruses at a finer specific level ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • No unspliced RHO transcripts could be detected in RNA from human retina. (molvis.org)
  • Diverse KRAB-ZFPs recognize specific DNA sequences with the majority targeting endogenous retroviruses, ensuring their repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, NBs are not passive byproducts of specific gene activity but act principally as sites of defined biochemical reactions and of gene activation or repression. (rupress.org)
  • for localization of CENP-Acnp1 at centromeres at this time. (healthyguide.info)
  • Its CENP-A homolog Cnp1 (CENP-Acnp1) resides within a central primary site (deposition of CENP-Acnp1 occurs through the S and G2 stages from the cell routine (13 14 Two specific pathways have already been proven to regulate CENP-Acnp1 deposition at centromeres: the Mis6- and Ams2-reliant pathways (13). (healthyguide.info)
  • Results Dos1 and Dos2 Are Required for Proper Deposition of CENP-A at Centromeres. (healthyguide.info)
  • PolyAMiner-Bulk: A Machine Learning Based Bioinformatics Algorithm to Infer and Decode Alternative Polyadenylation Dynamics from bulk RNA-seq data. (rochester.edu)
  • DSP enables "visualization" of spatial context in samples that is otherwise missed by bulk RNA sequencing. (biochain.com)
  • In this model, large portions of genomic DNA operate as 'sinks', which are filled by 'sources', such as available histone variants, covalent modifications to histones, the readers of these modifications and non-coding RNAs. (biologists.com)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201504043 ) provide the first direct evidence that the histone locus body acts to concentrate key factors required for the proper processing of histone pre-mRNAs. (rupress.org)
  • Finally, by reconstituting ACBD3 mutants lacking specific domains in ACBD3KO cells, we show that acyl-coenzyme A binding (ACB) and charged-amino-acid region (CAR) domains are dispensable for 3A-mediated PI4KB recruitment and efficient enterovirus replication. (uu.nl)
  • Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. (nature.com)
  • The RNA-binding SAM domain of Smaug defines a new family of post-transcriptional regulators. (embl.de)
  • Goupil S, Maréchal L, El Hajj H, Tremblay M-È, Richard FJ, Leclerc P (2016) Identification and Localization of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 10A in Bovine Testis and Mature Spermatozoa. (plos.org)
  • Neuronal connections are made with exquisite accuracy between specific types of neurons. (stanford.edu)
  • Using functional imaging and behavioral analysis, loss of Tao-induced ectopic synapses with inappropriate partner neurons were shown to be functional and altered behavioral responses in a connection-specific manner. (sdbonline.org)
  • Identifying specific afferent neurons will help in understanding their physiology. (jove.com)
  • The proper methylation status of histones is essential for appropriate cell lineage and organogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression of untranslatable versions of these mRNAs alters insulator body localization and promotes insulator activity. (nih.gov)
  • No specific treatment is available for any of the LGMD syndromes, though aggressive supportive care is essential to preserve muscle function, maximize functional ability, and prolong life expectancy. (medscape.com)
  • all tested eukaryotes have evolved replication fork barriers (RFBs), ensuring that replication machinery does not collide with transcribing RNA polymerases. (uw.edu)
  • Localization of mtHsp70/mtHsp40 machinery. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
  • Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, this complex regulatory network requires precise control of gene expression patterns at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in order to ensure proper maturation, differentiation, and formation of blood and lymphatic vessels. (nature.com)
  • Specific signal sequences, AREs for example[ 17 ], can affect the rate at which the poly-adenosine tail is shortened. (berkeley.edu)
  • We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Because we identified RNA-binding sites on both "flavors" of PRC2 (PRC2.1 and PRC2.2) we also investigated their function, discovering distinct contribution of these two complexes to the epigenetic changes that occur during neural differentiation (Petacovici 2021). (upenn.edu)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The importance of specific domains of ACBD3 was evaluated for the first time, and the domains that are essential for enterovirus replication were identified. (uu.nl)
  • Sustained expression of Hnf6 also results in downregulation of the β-cell-specific transcription factor MafA and a decrease in total pancreatic insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Altogether we record the first discussion of the plakophilin-catenin having a site-specific DNA-binding transcription element specifically Pkp3-catenin's association with ETV1. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Shep is required for neuronal remodeling during development and is highly enriched in the CNS, perhaps serving to negatively regulate insulator function in these cell types to promote CNS-specific gene expression programs. (nih.gov)
  • We speculate that these mRNAs also harbor a noncoding function, such as acting as a scaffold for insulator complexes at specific subnuclear locations. (nih.gov)
  • Tao is also required for proper synaptic function, as reduction of Tao results in NMJs with decreased evoked excitatory junctional potentials. (sdbonline.org)
  • A key question is how are these complexes targeted to the proper genomic regions in different lineages. (upenn.edu)
  • p53's ability to inhibit tumors can be considered as a specific outcome of its stress-responsive effects. (nature.com)
  • If unconventional secretion were to mediate the cilia trafficking of P/rds, then cooperation with the conventional secretory pathway that mediates the trafficking of rhodopsin would be required to ensure proper morphogenesis of the photoreceptive disk membranes. (jneurosci.org)
  • To create a tube, cells within a sheet, or epithelium, must coordinate specific shape changes and movements. (uw.edu)
  • In the present work, we create a version of the SIR model with spatial localization of persons, their movements, and taking into account social isolation probabilities. (medrxiv.org)
  • The dearth of studies gives the appearance that SEOV is not a major public health threat on the continent because of the lack of local specific testing for SEOV among human serum samples ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of intact glycopeptides is often the method of choice in site-specific glycoproteomic studies ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Using homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we have localized the RNA-binding surface of the Smaug SAM domain and have elaborated the RNA consensus sequence required for binding. (embl.de)