• This thesis describes a system to identify the regulatory DNA sequences known as promoters, which control the expression of genes in their proximity. (logos-verlag.de)
  • Promoters follow a common structure because all the genes controlled by them are accessed by the same enzyme complex. (logos-verlag.de)
  • This epigenetic modification is usually grouped in regions denominated CpG islands, which frequently co-localize with gene promoters, silencing the transcription of those genes. (cun.es)
  • We also analyze the contribution of enhancer DNA methylation on the expression of relevant genes in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. (cun.es)
  • The promoters of nearly all Hox genes of D. melanogaster, with the exception of the evolutionarily most recent genes, Ubx and Abd-A, contain a DPE motif and lack a TATA box. (wikipedia.org)
  • At smaller genomic scales, promoter regions of hsp genes and the promoter region of CG18446 have been shown to accumulate TE insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of TEs in the promoter of hsp genes was explained by the chromatin conformation of this particular region, and by selection favoring the retention of TEs because of their effect on gene expression [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assign transcription initiation sites to 7691 protein-coding genes and find that they display features typical of eukaryotic promoters. (nih.gov)
  • We investigated whether DNA methylation of 5 tumor suppressor genes in pleural fluid samples could aid in diagnosis of malignant effusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In samples from 47 patients with malignant pleural effusions and 34 with nonmalignant effusions, we used a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect aberrant hypermethylation of the promoters of the DNA repair gene O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p16 INK4a , ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), apoptosis-related genes, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ). (elsevierpure.com)
  • In conclusion, aberrant promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in pleural fluid DNA could be a valuable diagnostic marker for malignant pleural effusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many constitutively active promoters are used to induce overexpression of exogenous genes ( Table 1 ). (genengnews.com)
  • There are a group of promoters from the genes for metallothioneins. (carrieradda.com)
  • Addgene: Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates homozygous mutants for multiple target genes in Arabidopsis in a single generation. (addgene.org)
  • We detected promoter methylation in plasma and urine samples using methylation on beads and quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR for cancer-specific genes (CDO1, TAC1, HOXA7, HOXA9, SOX17, and ZFP42). (figshare.com)
  • DNA methylation at cancer-specific loci was detected in both plasma and urine, and was more frequent in patients with cancer compared with controls for all six genes in plasma and in CDO1, TAC1, HOXA9, and SOX17 in urine. (figshare.com)
  • DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic control of gene transcription, refers to cytosine methylation at position 5 in the pyrimidine ring, which can result in inappropriate silencing of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and cell cycle arrest ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The system was successfully applied by the Drosophila Genome Project to the complete genome of the fruit fly, and results are compared with promoter recognition in human sequences. (logos-verlag.de)
  • The crystal structures of the conserved ETS domain of SAP-1 bound to DNA sequences from the E74 and c-fos promoters reveal that a set of conserved residues contact a GGA core DNA sequence. (rcsb.org)
  • Discrimination for sequences outside this core is mediated by DNA contacts from conserved and nonconserved protein residues and sequence-dependent DNA structural properties characteristic of A-form DNA structure. (rcsb.org)
  • These regulatory modules include promoters, insulators, silencers, enhancers, promoter targeting sequences and the recently identified promoter tethering element (PTE). (nih.gov)
  • In addition, we use bioinformatic analysis across twelve Drosophila genomes to identify putative cis-regulatory sequences that may be capable of facilitating specific promoter-enhancer interactions at the bithorax complex and propose a model for their molecular function during development. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, two G-rich sequences, canine kit1 (d_kit1) and kit2 (d_kit2), folding into G-quad, have been identified in canine c-KIT promoter. (unipd.it)
  • Transcription of Cauliflower mosaic virus DNA: detection of promoter sequences, and characterization of transcripts. (wikidata.org)
  • Little or no protein interaction at promoter sequences was detected early (5 hr) after infection but strong interactions at the major late transcription factor (MLTF/USF) binding site and at the TATA box were evident late (12 hr) after infection. (princeton.edu)
  • Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • Bioinformatic analyses of DNA- and protein sequences. (lu.se)
  • Unmethylated THOR repressed TERT promoter activity regardless of TPM status, and hypermethylation of THOR counteracted this repressive function. (jci.org)
  • 45%) cancer-associated DNA hypermethylation in 9 of 11 (82%) tumor types screened. (jci.org)
  • Furthermore, 5‑Aza‑CdR decreased aberrant hypermethylation of the MEG3 promoter and increased the expression of MEG3. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Directed elongation from an upstream enhancer toward a downstream gene could potentially deliver RNA polymerase II to a proximal promoter, or alternatively might function directly as a distal promoter. (nih.gov)
  • The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
  • In this work, we have further analyzed the promoter region of CG18446 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like all core promoters, the DPE plays an important role in the initiation of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nomenclature of different promoter-associated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) species is explicitly defined in an effort to provide consistency in future literature. (nature.com)
  • Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation: whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to a gene promoter to initiate RNA synthesis, emerging evidence points to the pausing of Pol II during early elongation as a widespread regulatory mechanism in higher eukaryotes. (nature.com)
  • Sigma factors are a class of proteins constituting essential dissociable subunits that confer sequence-specific DNA binding properties to RNA polymerase (RNAP). (hindawi.com)
  • Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • a controllable promoter, a ribosome binding site and an initiation codon, then a hybrid protein is produced. (carrieradda.com)
  • The Escherichia coli MelR protein is a melibiose-triggered transcription factor, belonging to the AraC family, that activates transcription initiation at the melAB promoter. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Core, L. J., Waterfall, J. J. & Lis, J. T. Nascent RNA sequencing reveals widespread pausing and divergent initiation at human promoters. (nature.com)
  • We found that, similar to hsp gene promoters, chromatin accessibility could be one of the factors explaining the recurrent insertions of roo elements in CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple lines of evidence support the idea that Pol II and nucleosomes compete for promoter binding and suggest that a crucial role of paused Pol II involves maintenance of accessible promoter chromatin architecture. (nature.com)
  • Comparison with the related PU.1/DNA and GABPalpha/beta/DNA complexes provides general insights into DNA discrimination between Ets proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • The others are the site-specific TFs or the DNA sequence-specific binding proteins. (intechopen.com)
  • Two Ets proteins, PU.1 and elf-1, that have previously been shown to bind to an adjacent DNA element were shown to physically interact with CArG- box binding factor.A. An antiserum raised against the protein recognized two different forms indicating either that different splice-forms of. (lu.se)
  • Spliceosomes help process messenger RNA (mRNA), which is a chemical cousin of DNA that serves as a genetic blueprint for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The thesis presents increasingly complex probabilistic models representing the DNA sequence and structure of promoters, and shows how they can be used to identify promoter regions in long DNA seqünces. (logos-verlag.de)
  • Collectively, our data show that DNA methylation is essential and instructive for deposition of specific histone modifications across regulatory regions, which together influences gene expression patterns in mESCs. (ca.gov)
  • Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have challenged this paradigm, demonstrating that DNA methylation of regulatory regions outside promoters is able to influence cell-type specific gene expression programs under physiologic or pathologic conditions. (cun.es)
  • Coupling genome-wide DNA methylation assays with histone mark annotation has allowed for the identification of specific epigenomic changes that affect enhancer regulatory regions, revealing an additional layer of complexity to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (cun.es)
  • In this review, we summarize the novel evidence for the molecular and biological regulation of DNA methylation in enhancer regions and the dynamism of these changes contributing to the fine-tuning of gene expression. (cun.es)
  • 2016) [ 10 ] other similar clusters of roo insertions in gene promoter regions are present in the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, based on the analysis of the reference genome, and on the analysis of 177 DGRP strains, we identified 53 promoter regions that could potentially contain multiple roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Introduction G-quadruplexes (G-quad) are DNA secondary structures formed by stacked G-tetrads frequently located in telomeres and promoter regions of proto-oncogenes. (unipd.it)
  • A new method for the prediction of promoter regions based on atomic molecular dynamics simulations of small oligonucleotides has been developed. (irbbarcelona.org)
  • The promoter region of MEG3 is rich in CpG islands, and the specific methylated and unmethylated CpG islands of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are located upstream of the MEG3 gene (IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR) ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
  • We demonstrated that transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing T allele. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm 2 microwave exposure, and rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have studied the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional activation of the mouse β maj globin gene during MEL cell differentiation by analyzing nuclear factor-DNA interactions in vivo at the gene's upstream promoter and a distal enhancer, 5′HS-2. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • On the other hand, DMSO induction of MEL cells leads to the formation of specific nuclear factor-DNA complexes at several transcriptional regulatory elements of the mouse β maj globin upstream promoter. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Typically, transcriptional regulation is fine-tuned by epigenetic mechanisms, comprising histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lis, J. Promoter-associated pausing in promoter architecture and postinitiation transcriptional regulation. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we describe the TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR), a 433-bp genomic region encompassing 52 CpG sites located immediately upstream of the TERT core promoter, as a cancer-associated epigenetic mechanism of TERT upregulation. (jci.org)
  • A 5' upstream sequence between -643 and -284 in the PEPC promoter appears to be critical in regulating nodule specific expression of PEPC. (usda.gov)
  • The results show that the core promoter region of CUX1 was present at (-1601-(-1) bp) upstream of the transcription start site . (bvsalud.org)
  • In both cases, the activation occurs through a specific DNA sequence located upstream of the fpr gene. (hal.science)
  • TNF receptor 2 signaling prevents DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter and prevents pathogenic conversion of regulatory T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. (nature.com)
  • Coordinated cancer germline antigen promoter and global DNA hypomethylation in ovarian cancer: association with the BORIS/CTCF expression ratio and advanced stage. (uchicago.edu)
  • Although TERT promoter mutations (TPMs) are a major cancer-associated genetic mechanism of TERT upregulation, many cancers exhibit TERT upregulation without TPMs. (jci.org)
  • Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (nature.com)
  • Gene therapy represents the delivery of therapeutic factors as genetic information encoded on a DNA vector and has also become a potent tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
  • Burn-McKeown syndrome is caused by mutations in the TXNL4A gene or in an area of genetic material near the TXNL4A gene called the promoter region, which controls the production of protein from the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes alkyl adducts from the O 6 position of guanine. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Whereas DNMT1 is the key maintenance methyltransferase, DNMT3A and DNMT3B represent the main de novo methyltransferases, as they can bind unmethylated DNA and establish novel DNA methylation marks not only during early development but also in differentiated cells in a signal-dependent manner 9 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we profile the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and global occupancy of histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac) in a series of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with varying DNA methylation levels to study the effects of DNA methylation on deposition of histone modifications. (ca.gov)
  • We therefore studied the association of two polymorphisms - R353Q polymorphism at codon 353 involving the catalytic region and the 10 base pair (bp) insertion polymorphism involving the promoter region - with FVIIc levels in 176 healthy Tunisians. (who.int)
  • DNA methylation at 5-HT1A receptor promoter C(- 1019)G polymorphism CpG sites in schizophrenia and depression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pausing is now recognized to be a pervasive feature of promoters in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster , and the evidence supporting this from genome-wide studies is presented. (nature.com)
  • Book Description: Uwe Ohler : Computational Promoter Recognition in Eukaryotic Genomic DNA, Reihe: Studien zur Mustererkennung, Bd. (logos-verlag.de)
  • Reddy, PMS & Shen, CKJ 1993, ' Erythroid Differentiation of Mouse Erythroleukemia Cells Results in fr Reorganization of Protein-DNA Complexes in the Mouse β maj Globin Promoter but Not Its Distal Enhancer ', Molecular and Cellular Biology , 卷 13, 編號 2, 頁 1093-1103. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • Reversible Regulation of Promoter and Enhancer Histone Landscape by DNA Methylation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
  • DNA methylation is one of a number of modes of epigenetic gene regulation. (ca.gov)
  • Gene regulation through DNA methylation is a well described phenomenon that has a prominent role in physiological and pathological cell-states. (cun.es)
  • Here, we investigate a lncRNA-mediated targeting of DNMT1 to specific gene loci by the combined power of in silico modeling of RNA/DNA interactions and wet lab approaches, in the context of the clinically relevant use case of ephrinA5-dependent regulation of cellular motility of cerebellar granule cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, we here propose a triple helix recognition mechanism, underlying cell motility regulation via lncRNA-targeted DNA methylation in a clinically relevant context. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To gain insight into the regulation of this promoter, we analyzed protein-DNA interactions by in vivo DMS and DNasel footprinting during the course of adenovirus infection. (princeton.edu)
  • These results indicate that DNA replication participates in the regulation of adenovirus late gene expression by facilitating the binding of a transcription factor to the major late promoter. (princeton.edu)
  • The orientation in which MelR binds to site 2' appears to be determined by MelR-MelR interactions rather than by MelR-DNA interactions. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Interactions of mTbx5 and mNkx2.5 with two different types of mTbx5 / mNkx2.5 DNA-binding sites was tested using electromobility shift assays (EMSA) experiments. (europa.eu)
  • DNA Methylation of Enhancer Elements in Myeloid Neoplasms: Think Outside the Promoters? (cun.es)
  • The amount of expression of DNA inserted into a vector _______ on promoter and ______ on chromosomal location. (carrieradda.com)
  • The explanation: The amount of expression of DNA inserted into a vector is not only dependent on the promoter used but also depends on chromosomal location. (carrieradda.com)
  • As DNA methylation can regulate the gene expression , the potential association between CUX1 core promotor region methylation and lambskin pattern in Hu sheep was explored in the present study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods for analysis of gene expression: microarray, hybridisation, promoter analyses. (lu.se)
  • The characterization of the aberrant enhancer DNA methylation provides not only a novel pathogenic mechanism for different tumors but also highlights novel potential therapeutic targets for myeloid derived neoplasms. (cun.es)
  • The amount of expression of DNA inserted into a. (carrieradda.com)
  • Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled expression of 3×FLAG-NLS-zCas9-NLS. (addgene.org)
  • Although the data demonstrated the differential expression of CUX1 between SM and ST probably has no association with DNA methylation , the identification of the core region and a potential repressive region of CUX1 promoter can enrich the role of CUX1 in Hu sheep hair follicle development. (bvsalud.org)
  • This mediates DNA methylation-dependent silencing of Ncam1 , being abolished by ephrinA5 stimulation-triggered reduction of Snhg15 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also show that TNFR2 maintains Foxp3 expression in Treg cells by restricting DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, lncRNA MEG3 expression has been reported to be induced following epigenetic modification of DNA methylation in diverse malignancies, including gliomas ( 19 ), ovarian cancer ( 20 ) and leukemia ( 21 , 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The techniques encompassed cloning, protein expression and purification, protein / DNA interaction studies, crystallisation and crystallography using previous experiences of the host-laboratory, as well as the research profile of the beneficiary. (europa.eu)
  • We screened 218 strains collected in 15 natural populations, and we found that the CG18446 promoter region contains 20 independent roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, we found that the roo insertional cluster in the CG18446 promoter region is unique: no other promoter region in the genome contains a similar number of roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More recently, nine roo insertions were also described in the promoter region of another stress response gene, CG18446 that encodes a nucleic acid binding protein [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, only 39 strains from two natural populations were screened, and thus it is still an open question whether more roo insertions are present in the CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we looked for TE insertions in the CG18446 promoter region in 218 strains from 15 natural populations in Europe, North America, and Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we performed fecundity and viability experiments to investigate why we did not find any fly containing two roo insertions in the CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Has cohesin ATPase activity, double-stranded DNA binding, topological DNA entrapment activity, role in mitotic cohesin loading and condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region, nuclear mitotic cohesin complex localization. (cdc.gov)
  • This region contains a purine-rich sequence that may form H-DNA. (usda.gov)
  • A repressive region (-1151-(-751) bp) was also detected, which had a strong inhibitory effect on CUX1 promoter activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bisulfite amplicon sequencing revealed that no significant difference was detected between the methylation levels of CUX1 core promoter region in SM tissues and ST tissues . (bvsalud.org)
  • Methodology: Using bisulfite sequencing, we investigated the methylation status of five CpG residues of a CpG-rich region in the promoter of SLC6A4 by comparing female shift working nurses from a high work stress environment (n = 24) to low work stress environment (n = 25). (tuni.fi)
  • Novel allelic variants in the promoter region of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 were identified based on the change in curvature and flexibility of the DNA molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Azotobacter vinelandii, the E1 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex binds fpr promoter region DNA and ferredoxin I. (hal.science)
  • Here, we report the identification of the A. vinelandii protein that binds specifically to the paraquat activatable fpr promoter region as the E1 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHE1), a central enzyme in aerobic respiration. (hal.science)
  • In Azotobacter vinelandii, the E1 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex binds fpr promoter region DNA and ferredoxin I.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 1999, pp.12389-93. (hal.science)
  • Furthermore, the results of methylation‑specific PCR revealed that the abnormal methylation status of the MEG3 promoter region was present in eight of the 39 bone marrow samples collected. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To check the effects of those point mutants on binding to a target promoter region, we used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to determine their KD-values. (europa.eu)
  • Our experiments showed interpretable and unbiased KD values in mid nM range for wild type Tbx5, whereas those for the clinically relevant single point mutants bound to the Tbx5 promoter region in the M range, only. (europa.eu)
  • in addition, they indicated recurrent mutations in the promoter region of telomerase (TERT) that reactivates the gene. (medscape.com)
  • A protein interacting with an A-T-rich region that is a positive control element within the SP6 κ promoter was purified and identified as CArG-box binding factor-A. The purified protein was shown to interact specifically with the coding strand of single-stranded DNA and, with lower affinity, with double-stranded DNA. (lu.se)
  • Sequence analysis shows that PDHE1, which was not previously suspected to be a DNA-binding protein, has a helix-turn-helix motif. (hal.science)
  • This occurs in conjunction with the replacement of the HAP2 (HEME ACTIVATOR PROTEIN2) subunit of the HAP2/3/5 complex, which binds with the VRN3 promoter [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show that MelR binds as a direct repeat to site 2 and site 2' with the C-terminal HTH located towards the promoter-proximal end of each site. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The data presented here further show that FdI binds specifically to the DNA-bound PDHE1. (hal.science)
  • RFX binds the X1 box of MHC-II promoters. (lu.se)
  • Together with the initiator motif (Inr), another core promoter element, the DPE is recognized by the transcription factor II D (TFIID) subunits TAF6 and TAF9. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of the Escherichia coli MelR protein to the melAB promoter: orientation of MelR subunits and investigation of MelR-DNA contacts. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In this work, we have studied the binding of MelR to different sites at the melAB promoter, focusing on the orientation of binding of the two MelR HTH motifs, and the juxtaposition of the different bound MelR subunits with respect to each other. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • So far, we got insight into the Tbx5 specific promoter recognition. (europa.eu)
  • We find that genome-wide DNA demethylation alters occupancy of histone modifications at both promoters and enhancers. (ca.gov)
  • DNA methylation also reversibly regulates H3K27ac and H3K27me3 at previously identified tissue-specific enhancers. (ca.gov)
  • Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review summarizes different DNA vector modifications to enhance biological efficacy and efficiency of therapeutical vectors, aiming for low toxicity, high specificity, and biological efficacy-the cornerstones for successful translation of gene therapy into the clinic. (genengnews.com)
  • Besides the vegetative sigma factor, which recognizes the "standard" promoter, many bacteria possess alternative sigma factors that confer altered promoter specificity upon RNAP [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • No obvious conformational change of these nuclear factor-DNA complexes could be detected upon terminal differentiation of MEL cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Figure 1: Defining the terms used to describe promoter-associated Pol II complexes. (nature.com)
  • RFX forms cooperative DNA binding complexes with x2bp and cbf/nf-y. (lu.se)
  • Alkylation of DNA at the O 6 position of guanine is an important step in the formation of mutations in cancer, primarily due to the tendency of the O 6 -methylguanine to pair with thymine during replication, resulting in a conversion of guanine-cytosine to adenine-thymine pairs in DNA (2) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, point mutations found in patients with Holt-Oram syndrome were prepared to explore their effects in DNA interaction. (europa.eu)
  • it can be used as a DNA vaccine carrier for antigen presentation, and as an immune-stimulative adjuvant [1]. (invivogen.com)
  • 2015. A KALA-modified lipid nanoparticle containing CpG-free plasmid DNA as a potential DNA vaccine carrier for antigen presentation and as an immune-stimulative adjuvant. (invivogen.com)
  • However, whether and how DNMT targets specific gene loci, and induces transcriptionally relevant changes in DNA methylation signatures that elicit physiological responses, is not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesised that inactivation of BRCA1 by promoter methylation could occur as a germline or an early somatic event that predisposes to breast cancer with the phenotype normally associated with BRCA1 germline mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The retroviral transfected DNA is infected into mammalian cells by helper retrovirus. (carrieradda.com)
  • This plasmid is designed for DNA immunization experiments in animal models. (invivogen.com)
  • Methylation levels were assessed by bisulfite sequencing of DNA extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. (tuni.fi)
  • They are broadly expressed in the heart, where they act synergistically on many promoters (i.e. the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) promoter) to regulate growth and differentiation of the cardio-vascular system. (europa.eu)
  • Glucorticoid-responsive element is ______ promoter from ______ of mouse mammory tumour virus (MMTV). (carrieradda.com)
  • However, individual promoters differ very much from each other: This enables a specific activation of a gene at a certain time or tissü, and thus the development of a complex organism. (logos-verlag.de)
  • In order to simplify our analysis, we exploited an engineered derivative of the melAB promoter in which MelR binding to site 2 and site 2', in the absence of CRP, is sufficient for transcription activation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)
  • To introduce exogenous DNA into cells in vitro and in vivo , several strategies based on viral or nonviral approaches are available. (genengnews.com)
  • Since these samples did not go through the same rigorous screening process, including pathology review and extraction of DNA from paraffin tissues, that was applied to all other samples, the authors are less confident in their exact identity and have decided to retract them from the study. (jci.org)
  • These results demonstrate that in some cases of breast cancer, low-level promoter methylation of BRCA1 occurs in normal tissues of the body and is associated with the development of BRCA1 -like breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To study the consequences of sustained exposure to Ex-4, we generated metallothionein promoter-exendin-4 (MT-Exendin) mice that continuously express a proexendin-4 transgene in multiple murine tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) constitute the enzyme family responsible for the establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns. (nature.com)
  • Molecular results obtained by DNA sequencing are listed in Table 2 [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • In molecular biology, a downstream promoter element (DPE) is a core promoter element. (wikipedia.org)