Promoter regions upstream binding sites. Medical search. Frequent questions

This interaction opens up the DNA molecule, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and transcribe the genes involved in lactose catabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Conserved transcription factor-binding sites within promoter regions of human RON genes were then searched. (spandidos-publications.com)
Many constitutively active promoters are used to induce overexpression of exogenous genes ( Table 1 ). (genengnews.com)
To better understand these processes, we have assembled the entire 2.5-Mb mouse IgH (Igh) V region sequence of the C57BL/6 strain from public sequences and present the first complete annotated map of the region, including V genes, pseudogenes, repeats, and nonrepetitive intergenic sequences. (nih.gov)
Detailed analysis of 500-bp upstream of all functional genes has revealed several conserved binding sites, general and B cell-specific, as well as key differences between families. (nih.gov)
The regions upstream to all genes were first isolated from the yeast genome database MIPS using the information in the annotation files of the database. (aaai.org)
The ENCODE, for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements , project was a five-year collaboration of more than 440 scientists in 32 labs around the world to reveal the complex interplay among regulatory regions, proteins and RNA molecules that governs when and how genes are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
For example, in E. coli , all of the structural genes that encode enzymes needed to use lactose as an energy source lie next to each other in the lactose (or lac ) operon under the control of a single promoter, the lac promoter. (pressbooks.pub)
One of these clusters contains two divergent genes, pclA, which encodes a putative surface-exposed protein that contains large regions of collagen-like repeats, and spr1404 (here named pclR). (bvsalud.org)
In vivo, MafR increased the activity of the P12294 and P11486 promoters and also the transcription levels of the two genes controlled by those promoters. (bvsalud.org)
After the activation by exposure to xenobiotic nuclear receptors bind to influence response elements as monomers or homo or hetero dimers recruit school coactivators chromatin structure and the transcription of target genes. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
Gene transcription is mainly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences (called motifs) located in the promoter regions of genes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The study seeks to identify putative regulatory motifs in the upstream regions of 13 functional groups of genes expressed in the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Pf . (biomedcentral.com)
TFBMs act as binding sites for transcription factors and coordinate the expression of the genes in whose promoter regions they appear. (biomedcentral.com)
This region contained a consensus binding site for hepatic nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1), a liver -enriched transcription factor implicated in the regulation of a number of genes in liver , kidney , stomach , intestine , and pancreas . (xenbase.org)
0.01 located in several histone marks in the first introns of various genes, and compared them with those in other introns and those in 2-kb upstream regions. (genominfo.org)
Meanwhile, transcription factor binding sites were significantly more enriched in the 2-kb upstream regions (i.e., the regions of putative promoters of genes) than in the first introns. (genominfo.org)
These results strongly support our proposal that the first intron sites of genes may have important regulatory functions in gene expression independent of promoters. (genominfo.org)
In addition, we showed that the greater conservation of first introns, associated with a greater number of epigenetic marks, was independent of the conservation of the 5' flanking or promoter regions of genes [ 10 ]. (genominfo.org)
In other words, the signatures that we found in the first introns were not a spillover effect of the promoter or 5′ flanking regions of the genes. (genominfo.org)
The promoters of the nocR and nocP genes were identified by sequence and functional analyses which revealed that they do not overlap and a 131 bp region of unknown function separates the -35 hexamers of the two promoters. (u-szeged.hu)
It was shown by gel retardation and DNaseI footprinting assays that the NocR protein binds to the intervening region between the coding sequences of the nocR and nocP genes either in the absence or presence of nopaline. (u-szeged.hu)
are specific DNA sequences, usually located upstream and near the transcription start sites of genes and serves as a binding site for proteins called transcription factors that recruit RNA polymerase. (toxmsdt.com)
Acquisitions of OspC genes that are novel for the region confer to recipients unique identities to host immune systems and, presumably, selective advantage when immunity to existing types is widespread among hosts. (cdc.gov)
We therefore suggest a new mechanism involving a cofactor that is regulated as well as recruited by one of the master genes to bind to the antagonistic partner that is necessary for bistability and hence switch-like behavior. (lu.se)
The latter pair inherits the state of its upstream master genes and further reinforces the decision due to several feedback loops, thereby leading to irreversible commitment. (lu.se)

We have examined methods and developed a general software tool for finding and analyzing combinations of transcription factor binding sites that occur relatively often in gene upstream regions (putative promoter regions) in the yeast genome. (aaai.org)
Importantly, we identify putative ESRRa binding elements in upstream regions of sox9 to which ESRRa can directly bind, indicating that Esrra may directly regulate sox9 expression. (nature.com)
The identification of positionally conserved over-represented upstream motifs throws light on putative regulatory elements for transcription in Pf . (biomedcentral.com)
This segment lacked the typical TATA element, and possessed an initiator element and the putative binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1 and immediate-early protein IE180, a strong transactivator of PRV. (elsevierpure.com)
The nocR-nocP region was sequenced and sequence analysis revealed that the nocR gene encodes a putative DNA-binding regulatory protein, which belongs to the family of LysR-type bacterial activator proteins, while the nocP gene encodes a putative ABC-type transporter protein which is very likely involved in the uptake of nopaline. (u-szeged.hu)
Overlapping the operator sequence, two interesting sequence features, an 18 bp alternating purine-pyrimidine sequence able to form Z-DNA, and a putative gyrase (an enzyme involved in adjusting cellular superhelicity) recognition site were found. (u-szeged.hu)

The possible hypoxia response element (HRE) sequences in 5' non-coding Region before ATG start codon of Sema4D were screened, followed by point mutagenesis and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
We have identified clusters of conserved region-specific intergenic sequences and have verified our assembly by genic and intergenic Southern blotting. (nih.gov)
The researchers used 238 data sets generated by the ENCODE project to study the specific DNA sequences bound by each of the 128 trans-acting factors. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
they bind many different sequences in a variety of protein-DNA combinations. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
To identify the regulatory sequences responsible for cardiac muscle-specific expression of XMLC2,1 investigated the sequences immediately upstream of the gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Further 5' or 3' truncations attenuate the transcriptional activity of the XMLC2 promoter, whilst sequences contained between -217bp and -86bp are critical for myocardial-specific activity. (ucl.ac.uk)
The start site region lacks TATA- like sequences but does contain initiator-like sequences. (elsevierpure.com)
In the present work, we sought to provide further evidence on the functionality of first introns, by investigating whether rare alleles located in the sites overlaying epigenomic marks in first introns were more enriched than in 2-kb upstream sequences and other downstream introns. (genominfo.org)
These proteins bind to operator sequences in the vicinity of the regulated promoters, and repress or activate gene expression in response to small effector molecules in order to ensure the correct spatial and temporal presence of gene products for the cellular biochemical processes. (u-szeged.hu)
In contrast to other viruses, sharing HIV sequences from phylogenetic studies of transmission dynamics requires additional precautions as HIV transmission is criminalized in many countries and regions. (cdc.gov)

The template DNA must contain: an in-frame start codon, an in-frame stop codon, a T7 promoter, an upstream ribosome binding site, a downstream spacer region, and a downstream T7 terminator. (neb.com)
A PCR fragment can be synthesized using primers to add upstream and downstream elements such as the T7 promoter and terminator. (neb.com)
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) belongs to the semaphorin family, which binds to receptors such as Pleixn-B1 (transmembrane structure receptor), CD72 (cluster of differentiation antigen 72, mainly expresses on lymphocyte cells), then activates downstream signaling molecules. (jcancer.org)
To determine the location of histone H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 binding sites within the bovine genome, we analyzed the H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 enriched binding regions in the proximal promoter within 5 Kb upstream or at the 5'untranslated region (UTR) from the transcriptional start site (TSS), exon, intron and intergenic regions (defined as regions 25 Kb upstream or 10 Kb downstream from the TSS). (usda.gov)
A functional model is presented in which IHF favors the contact between the TodT activator, bound further upstream, and the alpha-subunit of RNA polymerase bound to the downstream promoter element. (nih.gov)
We show that in combination with the preserved in the first intron, only the 121 kb upstream and 36 kb downstream regions, but not the 3 kb upstream region, allow for accurate expression of reporter gene in SYP expressing cells in the mouse. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
Differential use of these promoters and their associated exons coupled with subsequent splicing to a common downstream exon results in c-Src transcripts with different 5' ends but identical coding regions. (xenbase.org)
in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR ( ACSP50_2475 ), and a gene downstream ( ACSP50_2473 ) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. (frontiersin.org)
They can be located up away from the gene, upstream or downstream from the start site. (toxmsdt.com)

The proximal region of the cNANOG promoter contains a positive transcriptional regulatory element (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ( CEBP )-binding site) in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhancer is a short region of DNA that can be bound by transcription factors to increase or facilitate the transcription of a particular gene. (toxmsdt.com)
We have used Southern blot technique to test whether a gene of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family, CHOP, which maps to 12q13 and is assumed to be involved in adipocyte differentiation, could be the 12q gene in question. (lu.se)

It stimulates transcription of the pclA gene by binding to a specific DNA site upstream of the core promoter. (bvsalud.org)
The core promoter consists of SP1 binding sites, an efficient TATA element, and a highly active initiator sequence. (brainstorming.com)

Given the physiological importance of gltBDF , and the potential opportunity to learn about integration of global regulatory signals, a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches was used to investigate the involvement of additional regulatory proteins, and to determine their relative binding positions and potential interactions with one another and with RNA polymerase (RNAP). (biomedcentral.com)
To do so, they coupled findings from 238 DNA-protein-binding experiments performed by the ENCODE project - a massive, multiyear international effort to identify the functional elements of the human genome - with a laboratory-based technique to identify binding patterns among the proteins themselves. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Proteins control gene expression by either binding to specific regions of DNA, or by interacting with other DNA-bound proteins to modulate their function. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
They studied 128 proteins, called trans-acting factors , which are known to regulate gene expression by binding to regulatory regions within the genome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In this way, they were able to tell which proteins interacted directly with one another, and which were seen together because their preferred DNA binding sites were adjoining. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
Our results indicate that PclR and MgaSpn have similar DNA-binding properties but different DNA-binding specificities, pointing to a different regulatory role of both proteins. (bvsalud.org)
These proteins recognize multiple DNA sites across the bacterial genome by different mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Gene expression in bacteria is regulated at different levels, of which the first one is the regulation of transcription mediated by DNA-binding regulatory proteins. (u-szeged.hu)
The mechanism of regulation of gene expression by regulatory proteins is implemented by different means in which both DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions in and around the regulated promoter regions, and particular tertiary conformational alterations at the DNA and protein levels may all be involved. (u-szeged.hu)

Early accomplishments of the SNCGE in this area include discovering the novel regulatory mechanism that induces translation of GCN4 mRNA via small upstream ORFs (uORFs) in the mRNA leader by phosphorylation and inhibition of eIF2 by the kinase Gcn2, now understood to regulate expression of key transcription factors (Atf4 and Atf5) in mammals and implicated in learning and memory. (nih.gov)
We have also investigated the roles of various eIFs, tRNAi and the 40S subunit in scanning the mRNA 5′ untranslated region and in accurately identifying the AUG initiation codon. (nih.gov)
The induction of mRNA and protein of CYP2C19 shows a large interindividual variability en t In the human liver. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
We show that the enzyme can protect from DNAase I digestion a region of at least 85 bp of the wild-type tyrT promoter and only ∼62 bp of the lacUV5 mRNA promoter, the protected region extending on the antisense strand to ∼65 and 42 bp respectively upstream of the transcription startpoint. (dundee.ac.uk)
small-interfering RNA) which binds to mRNA and aids in its degradation. (toxmsdt.com)

Direct binding of ZFP143 to the proximal region of the NANOG promoter regulates NANOG expression by modulating OCT4 binding [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Transgenic frog technology indicates that the 3kb 5' proximal promoter fragment can direct cardiac muscle-specific reporter expression during Xenopus embryogenesis, reproducing the normal expression pattern of the endogenous gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Deletion mapping of the 3kb XMLC2 promoter by Xenopus transgenesis defines the most proximal 708bp as the minimal promoter fragment sufficient to confer high level reporter expression in the embryonic heart. (ucl.ac.uk)

The HIV genome contains the HIV LTR with upstream DNA regulatory elements that serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. (brainstorming.com)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper presents the characterization of regulatory elements upstream of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α3 gene. (elsevierpure.com)

activating initiation by polymerase bound at the primary binding site and increasing the concentration of polymerase in the vicinity of the tyrT promoter, thus allowing a high rate of maximal expression and enabling the promoter to be regulated over a wide range of activity. (dundee.ac.uk)

Next, all occurrences of the yeast transcription factor binding sites, as given in the IMD database, were located in the genome and in the selected regions in particular. (aaai.org)
Characterisation of a 3kb XMLC2 promoter fragment reveals the presence of four MEF2 and four GATA transcription factor binding sites. (ucl.ac.uk)

It contains 20 exons and 19 introns and is located on chromosome 3p21 ( 1 - 3 ), a region frequently altered in certain cancer types ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Using a CRISPR Cas9-guided immunoprecipitation assay, we identify a circular RNA in the FLI1 promoter chromatin complex, consisting of FLI1 exons 4-2-3, referred to as FECR1.Overexpression of FECR1 enhances invasiveness of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Using PCR generated, site-specific probes corresponding to the non-coding exons 1 and 2 and intron 2 of CHOP, rearrangements in five of seven tumors mapped to the 2.4 and 1.6 kbp PstI fragments that contain the first two exons and introns of the gene and the upstream promoter region. (lu.se)

It has also been suggested that NE cell specific silencer elements lay within the 2.6 kb upstream fragment of a binding site for RE-1 silencing transcription VX-222 factor (REST), a.k.a. neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), is located within the first intron of gene [30]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
Using transgenic frog technology, I demonstrate that a 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter fragment drives high level expression of a GFP reporter in the heart and skeletal muscle of Xenopus embryos. (ucl.ac.uk)

In starvation conditions, the reinitiating ribosomes bypass uORFs 2-4 and reinitiate at GCN4 instead, owing to lowered availability of the ternary complex (TC)-comprised of initiation factor 2 (eIF2), GTP, and initiator Met-tRNAi-which binds to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit to assemble a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC). (nih.gov)

In previous studies, we demonstrated that some sites in the first intron likely regulate gene expression. (genominfo.org)
In the present work, we sought to further confirm the functional relevance of first intron sites by estimating the quantity of rare alleles in the first intron. (genominfo.org)
Recent high-throughput genomic technologies based on next-generation sequencing have helped to prove that intron sites are in fact subject to natural selection. (genominfo.org)
The determination of the transcription start site of the UBC gene was found to be dependent on the presence of its first intron [ 14 ]. (genominfo.org)

CAP has a characteristic helix-turn-helix motif structure that allows it to bind to successive major grooves on DNA. (wikipedia.org)
As a proangiogenic response effecter, the interaction of Sema4D with plexin-B1 is dependent on the COOH-terminal PDZ-binding motif of plexin-B1, which binds two guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho and is mediated by the activation of Rho-initiated (Ras homolog gene family) pathways ( 4 - 8 ). (jcancer.org)
In occurs through the inhibition of DNA binding of cognate cis- hematopoiesis there exist several lineage branch points with regulatory motif while in the other case DNA binding is unaffected identified key transcription factors and external signals [3-5]. (lu.se)

Although both promoters are highly homologous to the consensus Escherichia coli σ70 promoters, the nocP promoter displays features which are characteristic to supercoiling-responsive promoters. (u-szeged.hu)

Using this CasIP assay, we identified FECR1, a FLI1 exonic circular RNA that binds to the FLI1 promoter and epigenetically activates FLI1 in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This study was designed to utilize next-generation sequencing technology, combined with ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) technology, to comprehensively, quantitatively and cost-effectively analyze histone modification (acetylation) and to map protein target sites in the bovine genome that are responsive to modulation by VFAs. (usda.gov)
The expression is controlled by the promoter region of the viral genome. (brainstorming.com)

Sequencing and alignment of this region in 11 cancer cell lines and 4 normal cell lines were also performed, followed by cloning, mutation and luciferase assay analysis. (jcancer.org)
Mutation of conserved nucleotides in the Crp binding site abolishes the Crp-dependent repression. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutation of the HNF-1 site resulted in a dramatic reduction in SRC promoter activity. (xenbase.org)

Cotransfection studies demonstrated the promoter could be strongly transactivated by the HNF-1alpha isoform but not by the related HNF-1beta factor. (xenbase.org)
Cotransfection of Vero cells with the mutant constructs and an IE180 expression plasmid resulted in transactivation of only those constructs in which the Sp1 sites were present. (elsevierpure.com)

Subsequently, we used the Gcd− selection to identify domains/residues in eIF2 and tRNAi, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, and residues of 18S rRNA located near the 'P' decoding site of the 40S subunit, that participate in rapid TC recruitment in vivo (Figure 1A). (nih.gov)
The rate of in vivo transcription from the E. coli tRNA and rRNA promoters depends on both cellular growth rate and aminoacid availability. (dundee.ac.uk)

It has been reported that in cell culture transfection experiments the 1.2 kb upstream region of rat VX-222 promoter is insufficient to confer cell type specific expression [29]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)

CAP's interaction with RNA polymerase causes bending of the DNA near the transcription start site, thus effectively catalyzing the transcription initiation process. (wikipedia.org)

Mechanistically, we identified the Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 and 3 ( ID1, ID3 ), drivers of cancer stemness and plasticity, as previously uncharacterized targets of transcriptional repression by ZNF148. (nature.com)

Mediate dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid Mimic the active CYP2C promoters in HepG2 cells on the glucocorticoid receptor Of. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
Promoter analysis following transient transfections into HepG2 cells mapped the minimal 1alpha promoter to a region 145 bp upstream of the major transcription start site. (xenbase.org)

FECR1 also binds to and downregulates in trans DNMT1, a methyltransferase that is essential for the maintenance of DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

Gel shift experiments reveal that the four consensus MEF2 sites in the 5' flanking region of the XMLC2 gene bind Xenopus MEF2D protein. (ucl.ac.uk)

Integration host factor (IHF) plays a crucial role in the activation process and binds between the upstream TodT boxes and the -10 hexamer region. (nih.gov)

A de novo search for H3, acetyl-H3K9 and acetyl-H3K27 binding motifs indicated that histone modification (acetylation) at various locations changes the histone H3 binding preferences. (usda.gov)
Four motifs - the 'G-rich', the 'C-rich', the 'TGTG' and the 'CACA' motifs - were identified, and zero to all four of these occur in the 13 sets of upstream regions. (biomedcentral.com)
They are likely to have conserved DNA sequence elements, called transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs), in their promoter regions. (biomedcentral.com)

As expected, rare alleles were found to be significantly enriched in most of the regulatory sites located in the first introns. (genominfo.org)

Among HRE1-4, HRE2 and HRE4 were functional HIF-1α binding sites. (jcancer.org)
Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (aaai.org)

This occurs in conjunction with the replacement of the HAP2 (HEME ACTIVATOR PROTEIN2) subunit of the HAP2/3/5 complex, which binds with the VRN3 promoter [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Crp-cAMP binds a sequence centered at -65.5 relative to the transcript start. (biomedcentral.com)
In this model, NF- kappaB acts largely through a dense cluster of three binding sites located 600 nt upstream of the transcription start site. (ox.ac.uk)
We first identified the transcription start site of cNANOG by 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
They are about 6-8 nucleotides (nt) in length and occur upstream of the gene transcription start site (TSS). (biomedcentral.com)
Similar α3 start sites were identified in PC12 cells and sympathetic ganglion neurons, suggesting similar control mechanisms in the clonal line and peripheral neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
The transcription starts with binding of the enzyme RNA polymerase to a promoter sequence on the DNA, a regulatory region that dictate where the transcription should start. (toxmsdt.com)

In addition, these two binding sites play different roles in the regulation of Sema4D expression in HUVEC and Caco-2 cells. (jcancer.org)
In an IHF-deficient background, expression from the tod promoter drops 8-fold. (nih.gov)
Here we have used a COS-7 expression system to dissect the transactivating potential of NF-kappaB binding sites in the human TNF promoter region from other regulatory influences. (ox.ac.uk)
However, the regulatory region sufficient for accurate expression of SYP remains unknown, thereby preventing development of genetic constructs allowing locus-based Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) cassettes. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
Mechanistically, LINC00659 bound with EIF4A3 promoter to upregulated EIF4A3 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides, EIF4A3 could facilitate FGF1 methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) to the FGF1 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with these results, we demonstrated that transcripts originating from the SRC1alpha promoter display a tissue restricted pattern of expression with highest levels present in stomach , kidney , and pancreas . (xenbase.org)
Expression of a 3kb XMLC2 promoter-CAT reporter gene introduced into the oocyte germinal vesicle is only detected in oocytes previously injected with MEF2D RNA, but not MEF2A. (ucl.ac.uk)
An SRF binding site (CArG box 1) in the 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter is necessary but not sufficient for high level muscle-specific expression. (ucl.ac.uk)

Here we describe the isolation of a new distal SRC promoter and associated exon, designated 1alpha, which we mapped to a position 1.0 kilobase upstream of the previously described SRC1A housekeeping promoter. (xenbase.org)

The involvement of Lrp is unusual in two respects: first, it is insensitive to the usual coregulator leucine, and second, Lrp binds more than 150 bp upstream of the transcription starting point. (biomedcentral.com)

These data suggest that FECR1 circular RNA acts as an upstream regulator to control breast cancer tumor growth by coordinating the regulation of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)

Subsequent mobility shift assays confirmed that HNF-1alpha isoform was the predominant factor interacting with this region of the promoter. (xenbase.org)
Promoter activity of the 5'-flanking region of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) early protein 0 (EP0) gene was analysed by transient transfection assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter constructs. (elsevierpure.com)

Toluene binds to TodS with high affinity (Kd = 684 +/- 13 nM) and 1:1 stoichiometry. (nih.gov)
In addition, mutations in the SCIP/Tst-1 coding region that prevent the factor from binding to DNA with high affinity do not obliterate α3 activation. (elsevierpure.com)
Nopaline had no influence on the binding affinity of NocR, but changed the conformation of the NocR-noc DNA complex. (u-szeged.hu)

Finally, by using a general purpose data mining software in combination with our own software, which parametrizes the search, we can find the combinations of binding sites that occur in the upstream regions more frequently than would be expected on the basis of the frequency of individual sites. (aaai.org)

This complete and definitive assembly of the mouse Igh V region will facilitate detailed study of promoter function and large-scale mechanisms associated with V(D)J recombination including locus contraction and antisense intergenic transcription. (nih.gov)

A basic hypothesis posited herein is that genomic regions carrying more functionally important sites will have a higher proportion of rare alleles. (genominfo.org)

We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)

We demonstrate that the AP-1 complex c- Jun/Fra2 is capable of binding to this region and that this inhibits the transactivating effects of NF-kappaB. (ox.ac.uk)
We identified the eIF2α phosphatases in yeast and made key contributions to elucidating the mechanism whereby phosphorylated eIF2 inhibits its GDP-GTP exchange factor, eIF2B, defining the catalytic and regulatory subcomplexes of eIF2B and their distinct roles in binding phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated eIF2. (nih.gov)

Each subunit of CAP is composed of a ligand-binding domain at the N-terminus (CAPN, residues 1-138) and a DNA-binding domain at the C-terminus (DBD, residues 139-209). (wikipedia.org)

and (ii) isomerization of the RNAP-promoter complex to the open conformation. (wikipedia.org)

CAR, PXR form heterodimers with VDR receptor X retino W During GR forms homodimers are recognized by those with specific response elements in the promoters of CYP2C. (c-kitinhibitors.com)
In contrast, deletion of the E-box elements from the 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter had no effect on transcription of the transgene. (ucl.ac.uk)

The basal transcriptional apparatus (RNA Polymerase II, TATA-box binding protein and other components) in Pf is similar to that in free-living eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicate that the EP0 gene may be transcribed from the TATA-less promoter that responds to Sp1. (elsevierpure.com)

Constitutively active RON variants may be generated by alternative splicing (RONΔ165, RONΔ160, and RONΔ155) or by methylation-dependent promoter usage [short form RON (sfRON)] ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The analysis of the truncated variants of TodS reveals that toluene binds to the N-terminal input domain (Kd = 2.3 +/- 0.1 microM) but not to the C-terminal half. (nih.gov)

Using a cDNA probe that spans the CHOP coding region, we detected one rearranged and one wild type allele in nine of nine MLS with t(12;16). (lu.se)

sfRON lacks almost all of the extracellular domain and is incapable of ligand binding. (spandidos-publications.com)
The nucleic Re receptor PXR and CAR contains Lt one Bindungsdom Ne and a DNA binding domain Ne of the ligand. (c-kitinhibitors.com)

Furthermore, MafR recognized in vitro specific DNA sites that overlap the -35 element of each target promoter. (bvsalud.org)
In the binding site of NocR a CATGN4CATG tandem palindrome was identified and it was proven both in vitro and in vivo that this sequence functions as the operator for the NocR protein. (u-szeged.hu)

Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved we determined the extent of interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter of the tyrT stable RNA gene. (dundee.ac.uk)

Anatomy13

Organisms7

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes91

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes26

Putative6

Sequences10

Downstream9

Enhancer3

Core promoter2

Proteins10

MRNA5

Proximal3

Regulatory elements3

Polymerase bound1

Transcription factor-bindi2

Exons3

Fragment2

Ribosomal1

Intron4

Motif3

Escherichia1

Activates1

Genome2

Mutation3

Cotransfection2

RRNA2

Confer1

Near the transcription start1

Repression1

HepG22

Downregulates1

Consensus1

Hexamer1

Motifs3

Introns1

Functional2

Activator1

Start6

Expression9

Exon1

Leucine1

Regulator1

Assays2

Affinity3

Occur1

Intergenic1

Genomic1

Enzyme1

Inhibits2

Residues1

Conformation1

Elements2

TATA2

Variants2

Allele1

Ligand2

Vitro2

Mechanisms2