Promoter activating transcription factor 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
To establish the DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (wjgnet.com)
To exert stimulatory or repressive effects on transcription, accessible regulatory DNA elements must be in close spatial proximity to susceptible genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhancers promote transcription by providing a binding platform for transcription factors [ 12 ] that can act on (distal) target genes through three-dimensional chromatin looping [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
We also identified over a dozen of genes encoding TFs that are likely under the control of Crz1, suggesting a possible mechanism for amplification of the signal at the transcription level. (figshare.com)
One or more transcription factors activate transcription by binding to cis-regulatory sites, which are commonly situated upstream of protein-coding genes. (nationaljewish.org)
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Our in silico findings report that there is cross-regulation between both pathways at the level of gene transcription regulation, mediated by the presence of binding sites for both factors in promoters of genes essential for these pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper we examine evidence for a direct crosstalk of the NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways at the lowest level, between main transcription factors and genes coding for these transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
We analyzed respective gene promoters' sequences using in silico methods for identification of transcription binding sites, mainly in the NF-κB- and IRF-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription factor that binds and activates the promoter of thyroid specific genes such as thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, and thyrotropin receptor. (cusabio.com)
The tumor suppressor TP53 (also called p53) has been among the most extensively studied genes since its discovery in 1979 [ 1 , 2 ]. (nature.com)
To achieve this, p53 mainly functions as a transcription factor (TF) targeting hundreds of genes, but it also has TF-independent roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
It was also demonstrated that USF1 directly binds to the promoter region of 2,492 genes, which may be involved in the viral progression and cell proliferation pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1‑regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In summary, the results demonstrated that USF1 binds to the promoter region of thousands of genes and affects a large part of DEGs indirectly. (spandidos-publications.com)
As a TF, USF1 has a bidirectional regulatory function, being able to regulate gene expression by activating or suppressing the promoter region of target genes ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
100 genes ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
[ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
These dCas9-activator fusions targeted to the promoter region of endogenous genes can then modulate gene expression 7 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

NFAT binds to three distinct NFAT elements within the rat I insulin promoter and activates insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
We have previously reported that C/EBP beta specifically binds to the CRE on the proximal Pgc-1 alpha promoter and increases forskolin-sensitive Pgc-1 alpha and Ucp1 expression in white 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
Activated calcineurin dephosphorylates the transcription factor (TF) Crz1, which moves to the nucleus and binds to calcineurin/Crz1 responsive gene promoters. (figshare.com)
For instance, a previous study by the authors validated that USF1 binds to the core promoter of APOBEC3G and increases its transcription level in hepatocytes ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
RFX binds the X1 box of MHC-II promoters. (lu.se)

Since ER stress can cause differential modulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which includes the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathways, these were individually tested in 3a-expressing cells. (nih.gov)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
These findings agree with recent experimental data reporting crosstalk between pathways activated by RIG-I and TLR3 receptors in response to pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we review the role of ferroptosis in p53-mediated tumor suppression, with a focus on what cellular factors are critical for p53-dependent ferroptosis during tumor suppression and how p53 modulates both the canonical (GPX4-dependent) and the non-canonical (GPX4-independent) ferroptosis pathways. (nature.com)
Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)

The promoter/enhancer region resembles oestrogen response elements and transcription can be activated by oestrogen and repressed by chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1. (caister.com)
Indeed, for sever- with histopathological findings and ulin heavy chain promoter/enhancer. (who.int)

ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
Only the PERK pathway was found to be activated in 3a-expressing cells based on (1) increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2alpha) and inhibitory effects of a dominant-negative form of eIF2alpha on GRP78 promoter activity, (2) increased translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mRNA, and (3) ATF4-dependent activation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) gene promoter. (nih.gov)
Both glucose and GLP-1 stimulate insulin promoter activity, stabilize proinsulin mRNA, and increase proinsulin biosynthesis ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
After transcription, one or more microRNAs bind to cis-regulatory sites, usually in the 3' UTR of the mRNA, and repress protein translation 4 . (nationaljewish.org)

When located at gene promoters, DNA methylation is usually association with repression of gene expression. (nationaljewish.org)
The effects of DNA methylation and the histone code are due, at least in part, to modification-specific recruitment of factors, such as heterochromatin-associated proteins (HP1) and methyl-binding domain proteins, which establish and maintain higher order of chromatin structure. (aacrjournals.org)
The present study investigated the methylation of CpG sites in the cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 promoter via nuclear factor (NF)‑κB transcriptional regulation and elucidated its effect on the COX‑2 transcriptional expression in a ketamine‑induced ulcerative cystitis (KIC) animal model. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, in the ketamine group, the level of Ten‑Eleven‑Translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase for demethylation as determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assay was increased in comparison with the control group, but that was not the case for the level of DNA methyltransferases for methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanism of epigenetic regulation involves the CpG site methylation of promoter regions and the modification of DNA and histones by altering chromatin structure ( 9 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In HIB-1B, brown preadipocytes, forskolin increased expression of Pgc-1 alpha, Ucp1, and C/ebp beta early in differentiation and inhibited Chop10 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Physiological and pathological regulation of thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation by thyrotropin and other factors. (genescells.ru)
also known as ASH1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). (cancerindex.org)
The reason for its use is the higher number of platelets, which is an important source of growth factors, such TGF- β1, that hypothetically possess a stimulating effect on regulation and differentiation in mesenchymal tissue repair 10 . (bvsalud.org)

Employing chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that C/EBP beta, CREB, ATF-2, and CHOP10 are bound to the Pgc-1 alpha proximal CRE, but CHOP10 does not bind in HIB-1B cell lysates. (elsevierpure.com)
Forskolin stimulation and C/EBP beta overexpression in 3T3-L1 cells increased C/EBP beta and CREB but displaced ATF-2 and CHOP10 binding to the Pgc-1 alpha proximal CRE. (elsevierpure.com)
We conclude that the increased cAMP stimulation of Pgc-1 alpha expression is regulated by the combinatorial effect of transcription factors acting at the CRE on the proximal Pgc-1 alpha promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
Transgenic frog technology indicates that the 3kb 5' proximal promoter fragment can direct cardiac muscle-specific reporter expression during Xenopus embryogenesis, reproducing the normal expression pattern of the endogenous gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Deletion mapping of the 3kb XMLC2 promoter by Xenopus transgenesis defines the most proximal 708bp as the minimal promoter fragment sufficient to confer high level reporter expression in the embryonic heart. (ucl.ac.uk)
Analyses of the human AHR proximal promoter in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed multiple specificity protein (Sp) 1 binding sequences that are transcriptional activators in vitro. (umn.edu)
Analysis of the AHR proximal promoter region using chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that enhanced expression of AhR in LTEE cells involves changes in histone modifications, notably decreased trimethylation of histone 3, lysine 27. (umn.edu)

The crystal structures of the conserved ETS domain of SAP-1 bound to DNA sequences from the E74 and c-fos promoters reveal that a set of conserved residues contact a GGA core DNA sequence. (rcsb.org)
Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify the regulatory sequences responsible for cardiac muscle-specific expression of XMLC2,1 investigated the sequences immediately upstream of the gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Further 5' or 3' truncations attenuate the transcriptional activity of the XMLC2 promoter, whilst sequences contained between -217bp and -86bp are critical for myocardial-specific activity. (ucl.ac.uk)

Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)

The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
9 ] who proposed that the activation of NF-κB by TRIF-dependent pathway is a result of a secondary response to TNFα, which is induced by IRF3 (this latter activated by the TLR4/TRIF-mediated pathway in the first response to LPS) and signals through the TNFα receptor (TNFR)/RIP1 pathway to activate NF-κB. (biomedcentral.com)
The hyperfunction of this signaling pathway, which sup presses endothelial nitric oxide synthase, may very well be 1 mechanism leading to ED linked with aging, diabetes and cardiovascular hypertension. (pkainhibitors.com)
These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
The hemostatic pathway: role of factor IX. (medscape.com)

We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Part of this response is triggered by an almost immediate burst of calcium that activates the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase calcineurin. (figshare.com)

Increased levels of HO-1 ameliorated oxidative stress and cell death. (jci.org)
But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)

This nuclear receptor assay system uses specific non-human cells modified to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (NR1C3), a ligand-dependent transcription factor commonly referred to as PPARG or PPARγ. (bioquote.com)
It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

ATF-2 phosphorylation in response to treatment of cells with tumor promoter phorbol ester has been demonstrated. (wikipedia.org)
Since hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1)-dependent transcription in cancer cells that, in a paracrine fashion, drive tumor angiogenesis, we investigated the effects of UCN-01 on HIF-1-responsive promoter constructs. (karger.com)
Here, we have shown that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a master transcriptional effector of the ISR, protects transformed cells against anoikis - a specialized form of apoptosis - following matrix detachment and also contributes to tumor metastatic properties. (jci.org)
ATF4-deficient human fibrosarcoma cells were unable to colonize the lungs in a murine model, and reconstitution of ATF4 or HO-1 expression in ATF4-deficient cells blocked anoikis and rescued tumor lung colonization. (jci.org)
These results establish HO-1 as a mediator of ATF4-dependent anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis and suggest ATF4 and HO-1 as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors. (jci.org)
These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, vast data from 30 years of further study indicate a tumor-suppressive role of p53 [ 1 , 3 ]. (nature.com)

Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
Stimulation of TLRs (Toll-Like Receptors) by a pathogen induces activation of signal transduction cascades, which leads to translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus [ 1 ], activation of interferon regulatory factors 3/7 (IRF3/7) and/or activator protein-1 (AP-1), which cooperate to induce transcription of various cytokines such as alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) to counteract infection [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 1 ] Neutrophils move to the site of invasion by means of chemotaxis, which occurs in response to microbial products, activated complement proteins, and cytokines. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
H)-1 and TH2 cytokines have been demonstrated in the airways of subjects with different asthma phenotypes, reported causes of occupational asthma in the work-place. (cdc.gov)

DNA constructs were cloned into a pGL3 promoter vector for luciferase gene reporter assays. (cdc.gov)
The AHR promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-hAhRP was a kind gift from Drs. Sandra Wolff and Josef Abel of the Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. (umn.edu)
Indigo's reporter cells include the luciferase reporter gene functionally linked to a PPARγ-responsive promoter. (bioquote.com)

Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to detect transcription factor binding to highly homologous promoters in chromatin isolated from unstimulated and activated primary human B cells. (southernbiotech.com)

BR22, a 26 kDa thyroid transcription factor-1 associated protein (TAP26), is expressed in human lung cells. (nih.gov)
BR22, a novel protein, interacts with thyroid transcription factor-1 and activates the human surfactant protein B promoter. (nih.gov)

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. (wjgnet.com)
Mutation of an Sbp sequence just downstream of CArG box 1, results in the abolition of reporter expression in the heart, yet somitic expression is unaffected. (ucl.ac.uk)
NF-κB also controls expression of the downstream IFN auto-amplification loop through STAT1, IRF-1, −5, and −7 transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was then used to validate the downstream targets. (spandidos-publications.com)

This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison with the related PU.1/DNA and GABPalpha/beta/DNA complexes provides general insights into DNA discrimination between Ets proteins. (rcsb.org)
This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
However, if viral proteins induce apoptosis while in the host cell, this may be an essential factor for liver cell destruction. (pkainhibitors.com)
DNA meth-ylation represses transcription by interfering with transcription factor binding and indirectly by recruiting methyl-CpG-binding proteins and reducing chromatin remodeling activities ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)

Significantly, the actions of both GLP-1 and forskolin were abolished by the selective Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibitor, FK506, as well as by the chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ by BAPTA (bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N ′ ,N ′-tetraacetate). (diabetesjournals.org)

Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the binding of USF1 to the Chitinase 3-Like 1 (Chi3L1) promoter region can enhance the transcriptional activity of Chi3L1. (spandidos-publications.com)

Activation of PERK affects innate immunity by suppression of type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling. (nih.gov)
Activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB, crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were activated by UVB and delphinidin abolished this activation. (oregonstate.edu)
HO-1 upregulation was the result of simultaneous activation of ATF4 and the transcription factor NRF2, which converged on the HO1 promoter. (jci.org)
This suggests that XMLC2 is a direct target for activation by MEF2D and indicates that functional differences exist between MEF2 family members to activate the XMLC2 gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
This Sbp sequence does not conform to any known transcription factor binding site involved in contractile isoform regulation, therefore, might represent a novel control element required for cardiac muscle-specific activation of the cardiac α-actin gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
Unexpectedly, we found that α3 basal activity and SCIP/Tst-1 activation of α3 is not dependent on the SCIP/Tst-1 binding sites found upstream of the gene. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition, mutations in the SCIP/Tst-1 coding region that prevent the factor from binding to DNA with high affinity do not obliterate α3 activation. (elsevierpure.com)
These results lead us to propose that α3 activation by SCIP/Tst-1 is achieved via protein-protein interactions between SCIP/Tst-1 and a specific complement of transcription factors that act directly on the promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
Tiling a given promoter region with several sgRNAs can produce more robust transcriptional activation 9 - 11 , but this requirement presents enormous challenges for scalability, and in particular for establishing pooled, genome-wide GOF screens. (cdc.gov)

According to the latest Cancer Statistical yearbook, 830,000 individuals succumbed to liver cancer worldwide in 2020, accounting for 8.3% of all cancer deaths, second only to lung cancer ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Activating transcription factor 2, also known as ATF2, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF2 gene. (wikipedia.org)

Glucose metabolism is central to the regulation of β-cell function ( 11 ), and GLP-1 is a potent hormonal incretin that has been shown to markedly enhance the stimulatory effects of glucose on β-cells ( 12 , 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
C) Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs. (nationaljewish.org)
We conclude that members of the NF-κB family may directly impact regulation of IRF family, while IRF members impact regulation of NF-κB family rather indirectly, via other transcription factors such as AP-1 and SP1. (biomedcentral.com)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, contributes to carcinogenesis through its role in the regulation of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1)-catalyzed metabolism of carcinogens. (umn.edu)
The regulation of AhR expression was evaluated in long-term estrogen exposed (LTEE) MCF-7 cells, which showed increased AhR expression, enhanced CYP1 inducibility, and increased capacity to form DNA adducts when exposed to the dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine. (umn.edu)
Moreover, DNA hypomethylation of the COX‑2 promoter region located from ‑1,522 to ‑829 bp might contribute to transcriptional regulation of COX‑2 expression and induce a pro‑inflammatory response in KIC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although the current generation of dCas9-based transcription activators is able to achieve up-regulation of some endogenous loci, the magnitude of transcriptional up-regulation achieved by individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) 12 typically ranges from low to ineffective 8 - 11 . (cdc.gov)

To fit it into a nucleus with a diameter of ~10 μm, DNA is wrapped around histone octamers, creating strings of nucleosomes that can be further organized into higher-order levels of compaction [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated IRF3, together with NF-κB and AP-1, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to the IFNβ promoter, and stimulate transcription. (cdc.gov)

The 3a protein was found to induce serine phosphorylation within the IFN alpha-receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) degradation motif and to increase IFNAR1 ubiquitination. (nih.gov)

[ 1 ] As this gene is carried on the X chromosome, the disease usually manifests in males and is transmitted by females who carry the causative mutation on one of their X chromosomes. (medscape.com)
The mutations associated with resistance to many of the antituberculosis drugs have been identified, though much work remains to be done to identify the molecular basis of resistance for some of the drugs and to determine the predictive value of finding a particular mutation in a strain of M. tuberculosis (1,2). (cdc.gov)

We have studied the transgenic mouse strain, Tyrp-1-TAg, to try to gain insight into possible molecular mechanisms common to pigmented ocular neoplasms occurring spontaneously in the eyes of these mice and human choroidal melanoma. (molvis.org)
HO-1 expression was higher in human primary and metastatic tumors compared with noncancerous tissue. (jci.org)
Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of CSB-EP015841HU could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) NKX2-1. (cusabio.com)

Most cells have intracellular sensors of viral products that, when activated, initiate a signaling cascade that results in transcriptional induction of the IFNβ gene. (cdc.gov)

Upon loss of attachment, ATF4 activated a coordinated program of cytoprotective autophagy and antioxidant responses, including induced expression of the major antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). (jci.org)
A ) HT1080 cells were grown in attached (ATT) or suspension (SUSP) conditions and treated with 0.5 μM TG or with 1 μM ST. Whole-cell lysates were used to detect levels of p-eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, c-PARP, cleaved caspase-3 (c-Casp3), and β-actin. (jci.org)

All IFNαs and IFNβ bind to the same receptor and as a result, the cytoplasmic kinases JAK1 and TYK2 become activated and phosphorylate the STAT1 and STAT2 molecules. (cdc.gov)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of General Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (aabioetica.org)

The TTF-1/TAP26 complex differentially modulates surfactant protein-B (SP-B) and -C (SP-C) promoters in lung cells. (nih.gov)
It also modulates gene transcription and recombination [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

thus, it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
COX-2 promoter activity and PGE(2) production were also suppressed by delphinidin treatment within non-cytotoxic concentrations. (oregonstate.edu)
Transcription factor involved in regulating gene activity following the primary growth factor response. (abcam.cn)
Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)

In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)

D ) shNT.HT1080 cells were treated with 1 μM PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 (GSK414) in attached or in suspension culture. (jci.org)

Here, we review current insights into the trans-acting factors that enable the genome to flexibly adopt different functionally relevant conformations. (biomedcentral.com)

The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Overexpression of ATF-2 and CHOP10 in 3T3-L1 cells decreased Pgc-1 alpha transcription. (elsevierpure.com)
Knockdown of Chop10 in 3T3-L1 cells using siRNA increased Pgc-1 alpha transcription, whereas siRNA against C/ebp beta in HIB-1B cells decreased Pgc-1 alpha and Ucp1 expression. (elsevierpure.com)
We conclude that UCN-01, at clinically relevant concentrations, exerts an anti-neovascularization effect by blocking two important steps in vessel formation: (1) the response of cancer cells to hypoxia, and (2) endothelial cell proliferation. (karger.com)
In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Infection of 1-day-old chicks without maternal antibodies causes apoptosis of the haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and thymocytes in the thymus cortex causing anemia and immunosuppression. (caister.com)
DNA from A2780 and HOSE-1 cells was a kind gift of Dr. Gareth Owen of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (Santiago, Chile). (umn.edu)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
Stromal endothelial cells establish a bidirectional crosstalk with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through the TNF-related factors BAFF, APRIL, and CD40L. (southernbiotech.com)
Multiple muscle wasting-related transcription factors are acetylated in dexamethasone-treated muscle cells. (per-olofhasselgren.com)
At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)

Using transgenic frog technology, I demonstrate that a 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter fragment drives high level expression of a GFP reporter in the heart and skeletal muscle of Xenopus embryos. (ucl.ac.uk)

Ketamine treatment increased the binding of NF‑κB and permissive histone H3 lysine‑4 (H3K4)m3, but caused a decrease in the repressive histone H3K27m3 and H3K36m3 on the COX‑2 promoter ranging from ‑1,522 to ‑1,331 bp as determined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)

Cold stress in rodents increases the expression of UCP1 and PGC-1 alpha in brown and white adipose tissue. (elsevierpure.com)

ATF-2 is normally activated in response to signals that converge on stress-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK. (wikipedia.org)
Central to the epigenetic control of gene expression is the histone code through which input signals can be translated into a heritable pattern of gene expression defining cellular output states ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)

Results Environmental alkalinization promoted a time-dependent recruitment of Crz1 to 152 intergenic regions, the vast majority between 1 and 5 min upon stress onset. (figshare.com)

Here we show that in mice exposed to a cold environment for 24 h, Pgc-1 alpha, Ucp1, and C/ebp beta but not C/ebp alpha or C/ebp delta expression were increased in BAT. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, HO-1 expression correlated with reduced overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma. (jci.org)
Expression of a 3kb XMLC2 promoter-CAT reporter gene introduced into the oocyte germinal vesicle is only detected in oocytes previously injected with MEF2D RNA, but not MEF2A. (ucl.ac.uk)
An SRF binding site (CArG box 1) in the 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter is necessary but not sufficient for high level muscle-specific expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
Activates the transcription of GNRHR and plays a role in enhancing the circadian oscillation of its gene expression. (cusabio.com)
In this Perspectives article, we review and synthesize these recent lines of evidence and propose a working nomenclature for SCLC subtypes defined by relative expression of these four factors. (cancerindex.org)
Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
Resveratrol prevents dexamethasone-induced expression of the muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin pgases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in cultured myotubes through a SIRT1-dependent mechanism. (per-olofhasselgren.com)
The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)

As a result, different cellular kinases, including the IRF3 kinases TBK1 and IKKε, become activated. (cdc.gov)

Currently there is intense interest to define the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in regulating β-cell function, including insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 1 (2), 68-79. (springer.com)

Upstream transcription factor (USF) 1 belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family and serves as a cellular transcription factor (TF). (spandidos-publications.com)

Description: Description of target: Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. (aabioetica.org)
In this work we present a genome-wide study of the binding of Crz1 to gene promoters in response to high pH stress. (figshare.com)
Conclusions The present work defines at the genomic-wide level the kinetics of binding of Crz1 to gene promoters in response to alkaline stress, confirms diverse previously known Crz1 targets and identifies many putative novel ones. (figshare.com)
The NF-κB and IRF transcription factor families are major players in inflammation and antiviral response and act as two major effectors of the innate immune response (IIR). (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes83

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Genes24

Binds6

Pathways8

Enhancer2

MRNA6

Methylation5

Differentiation8

Proximal7

Sequences5

Polymerase1

Pathway10

Protein phosphatase2

Oxidative stress2

Peroxisome2

Tumor7

Cytokines5

Luciferase3

Homologous1

Thyroid2

Downstream4

Proteins8

Calcineurin1

Transcriptional activity1

Activation10

Liver Cancer1

ATF21

Regulation7

Nucleus2

Subunit1

Mutation2

Human3

Intracellular1

ATF42

Bind1

Enzyme2

Modulates2

Sequence-specific1

Activity4

Interferon1

PERK1

Functionally1

Cells13

Transgenic1

Assay1

Increases1

Signals2

Tumors1

Regions1

Expression9

IRF31

Gene transcription1

Biochemistry1

Leucine zipper family1

Response4