The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of mitotic count, Ki-67 expression and novel proliferation markers phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), minichromosome maintenance protein 4 (MCM4) and mitosin, and to compare the results with histopathological variables. (biomedcentral.com)
Since tumor cell proliferation is an increasingly important prognostic factor in many malignant tumors, its value in cutaneous melanoma has been examined in the present report by a comparison of several different markers. (biomedcentral.com)
The proliferation marker Ki-67 is expressed in all phases of the cell cycle [ 12 ], and elevated Ki-67 in tumor cells was associated with the most aggressive melanomas in our previous study [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CONCLUSION: MCM2 is overexpressed in both AK and cSCC lesions, however this protein cannot be considered an important indicator of proliferation in cSCC. (bvsalud.org)
First, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), plate clone formation, transwell and invasion assays showed that MCM2 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells. (chinagene.cn)
MCM41
Later on, others identified Mcm4, Mcm6 and Mcm7 in yeasts and other eukaryotes based on homology to Mcm2p, Mcm3p and Mcm5p expanding the MCM family to six, subsequently known as the Mcm2-7 family. (wikipedia.org)
Assays3
Flow cytometry assays showed that MCM2 significantly promotes the cell cycle, and inhibits the apoptosis of CCA cells. (chinagene.cn)
Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) assays confirmed that MCM2 in CCA cells significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 and BAX , and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of BCL2 and CCND1 . (chinagene.cn)
Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and WB assays confirmed that MCM2 promotes CCA through p53 pathway. (chinagene.cn)
Abnormal2
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
The abnormal expressions of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) are closely related to the development of various kinds of cancers. (chinagene.cn)
Replication fork1
When the replication fork encounters lesions in the DNA, the S-phase checkpoint response slows or stops fork progression and stabilizes the association of MCM2-7 with the replication fork during DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Gene7
Eukaryotic MCM consists of six gene products, Mcm2-7, which form a heterohexamer. (wikipedia.org)
In archaea, the heterohexamer ring is replaced by a homohexamer made up of a single type mcm protein, pointing at a history of gene duplication and diversification. (wikipedia.org)
Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
Next to the pro-proliferative function of YAP/TAZ, both transcriptional co-activators cooperated in the regulation of a gene signature that indicated the presence of chromosomal instability (CIN). (biomedcentral.com)
We aimed to explore the functions and potential molecular mechanisms of MCM2 gene in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines (Huh28 and RBE). (chinagene.cn)
Further, by analyzing the RNA sequencing data of cholangiocarcinoma, we found that MCM2 gene is significantly negatively correlated with p53 signaling pathway. (chinagene.cn)
CONCLUSION1
In conclusion, this study revealed that MCM2 promotes the development of CCA by reducing the p53 pathway, and its high expression levels predict poor prognosis in CCA patients. (chinagene.cn)
Significantly2
Likewise, the level of MCM2 expression differed statistically significantly (p=0.02) between SCC, AK, and healthy skin. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, we found that MCM2 is up-regulated in CCA tissues compared to the matched non-tumor cholangiocarcinoma tissues, and the high expressions of MCM2 are significantly associated with the poor clinical outcomes of CCA patients. (chinagene.cn)
Clinical1
BACKGROUND/AIM: Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) can be considered an indicator of cancer clinical outcome. (bvsalud.org)
Expression2
In this study, we tried to estimate the usefulness of assessing MCM2 protein expression in actinic keratosis (AK) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: Higher average expression of MCM2 protein in cSCC and AK was demonstrated in comparison to healthy skin (p=0.01). (bvsalud.org)
Survival1
In some recent studies, however, mitotic frequency is a powerful predictor of survival [ 6 - 11 ], and the inclusion of this marker in staging of primary melanomas has been included in the 2010 edition of the AJCC pTNM staging system. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell lines1
In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Family2
Mcm1 and Mcm10 are also involved in DNA replication, directly or indirectly, but have no sequence homology to the Mcm2-7 family. (wikipedia.org)
A correlation between YAP and the CIN marker phospho-H2A histone family member X (pH2AX) was particularly observed in tissues from iCCA and distal CCA (dCCA). (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
Although Ki-67 positivity is a marker of proliferative cells, it is uncertain how many of the cells expressing Ki-67 will actually undergo mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Complex4
The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
During S phase, the Mcm2-7 complex forms the catalytic core of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS helicase - the DNA unwinding engine of the replisome. (wikipedia.org)
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, Cdc6 is recruited by ORC to form a launching pad for the loading of two head-to-head Mcm2-7 hexamers, also known as the pre-replication complex (pre-RC). (wikipedia.org)
The structure of the ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-MCM (OCCM) intermediate formed after the loading of the first Cdt1-Mcm2-7 heptamer indicates that the winged helix domain at the C-terminal extensions (CTE) of the Mcm2-7 complex firmly anchor onto the surfaces created by the ORC-Cdc6 ring structure around origin DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Prognostic3
[ 7 ] Elucidation of the VHL pathway elements represent a fertile area of investigation for prognostic markers, and one which has already yielded new medical therapies. (medscape.com)
14. Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein expression as a prognostic indicator in Wilms tumor. (nih.gov)
15. Minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) is a new prognostic proliferative marker in Wilms tumour. (nih.gov)
Apoptosis2
The apoptosis and cell-cycle regulatory protein, p21 (waf1/cip1), has been investigated as a biomarker in RCC. (medscape.com)
Further study showed that ESRG knockdown leads to MCM2 abnormalities, resulting in DNA damage and activation of the p53 pathway, ultimately impairs hPSC self-renewal and pluripotency, and induces cell apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Stabilizes2
When the replication fork encounters lesions in the DNA, the S-phase checkpoint response slows or stops fork progression and stabilizes the association of MCM2-7 with the replication fork during DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
There it interacts and stabilizes the minichromosome-maintenance (Mcm2-7) complex. (bvsalud.org)
Replication9
The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Mcm1 and Mcm10 are also involved in DNA replication, directly or indirectly, but have no sequence homology to the Mcm2-7 family. (wikipedia.org)
During G1 phase, the two head-to-head Mcm2-7 rings serve as the scaffold for the assembly of the bidirectional replication initiation complexes at the replication origin. (wikipedia.org)
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, Cdc6 is recruited by ORC to form a launching pad for the loading of two head-to-head Mcm2-7 hexamers, also known as the pre-replication complex (pre-RC). (wikipedia.org)
Once pre-RC formation is complete, Orc1-6 and Cdc6 are no longer required for MCM2-7 retention at the origin, and they are dispensable for subsequent DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Upon entry into S phase, the activity of the CDKs and the Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) Cdc7 promotes the assembly of replication forks, likely in part by activating MCM2-7 to unwind DNA. (wikipedia.org)
ESRG binds to MCM2, a replication-licensing factor, to sustain its steady-state level and nuclear location, safeguarding error-free DNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
The association of specific replisome proteins with different types of cohesion establishment opens the way to a mechanistic understanding of an aspect of DNA replication unique to eukaryotic cells. (elifesciences.org)
Epithelial2
The program begins with the induction of genes involved in transcriptional regulation and signal transduction and is followed, sequentially, by the regulation of genes involved in protein biosynthesis, cell proliferation, and epithelial cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we also found that overexpression of MRGBP remarkably led to cell morphological changes and induced an increased expression of mesenchymal marker Vimentin, whereas a decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. (oncotarget.com)
Complexes1
Like all other SMC protein complexes, cohesin contains a pair of rod-shaped SMC proteins (Smc1 and 3), whose association via their hinge domains creates V-shaped heterodimers with ATPase domains at their vertices that are interconnected by a kleisin subunit (Scc1) to form trimeric rings. (elifesciences.org)
Tumors3
Investigators are able to determine differential levels of expression of various markers in normal tissue compared with indolent and aggressive tumors. (medscape.com)
18. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Wilms' tumors and other pediatric renal tumors: the correlation between histologic classification and proliferative activity. (nih.gov)
MORF4-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP), which is also known as chromosome 20 open reading frame 20 (C20orf20), is commonly highly expressed in several types of malignant tumors and tumor progression. (oncotarget.com)
Heat2
12. Differential expression of the heat shock protein 70 in the histological compartments of nephroblastomas. (nih.gov)
Gene expression heat map showed that KNTC1, MCM2, CKAP2, RACGAP1, CCNB1 were highly expressed in gallbladder carcinoma samples. (bvsalud.org)
Interaction2
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) Network was constructed and analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
Yin, C.-F. # , Chang, Y.-W. # , Huang, H.-C.*, Juan, H.-F. * (2022) "Targeting protein interaction networks in mitochondria dynamics for cancer therapy" Drug Discovery Today 27(4): 1077-1087. (csie.org)
Mechanisms3
The mechanisms of self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have not been fully elucidated, especially for the role of those poorly characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (bvsalud.org)
These findings provide critical insights into the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in hPSCs by lncRNAs. (bvsalud.org)
We show here that in S. cerevisiae , both mechanisms exist and that each requires a different set of replisome-associated proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Activity1
According to GOmf analysis, they are mainly enriched in protein homodimerization activity, proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding and sulfur compound binding. (bvsalud.org)
Critical1
As a critical protein for cell division, MCM is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-phase arrest checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
Requires1
The loading of MCM2-7 onto DNA is an active process that requires ATP hydrolysis by both Orc1-6 and Cdc6. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
In summary, our study suggests that ESRG, as a novel target of OCT4, plays an essential role in maintaining the cell survival and self-renewal/pluripotency of hPSCs in collaboration with MCM2 to suppress p53 signaling. (bvsalud.org)