Proliferation stem cell physiology. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
However, details regarding the regulation of MSC/MPC proliferation and differentiation status are still unclear and it is likely that regulation involves both biological and mechanical influences in the different environments. (scirp.org)
Hart, D. (2014) Is Adipocyte Differentiation the Default Lineage for Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells after Loss of Mechanical Loading? (scirp.org)
Ando, W., Heard, B., Nakamura, N., Frank, C.B. and Hart, D.A. (2012) Ovine Synovial Membrane-Derived Mescenchymal Progenitor Cells Retain the Phenotype of the Original Tissue That Was Exposed to in Vivo Inflammation: Evidence for a Suppressed Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of the Cells. (scirp.org)
In terms of homeostasis, cell division, proliferation and differentiation are strictly controlled and a balance exists between normal cell birth and the natural cell death. (vin.com)
Thus, conserved endocytic functions may control blood cell progenitor quiescence and differentiation. (nih.gov)
Collagen is the most widely used extracellular matrix (ECM) protein for cell culture, facilitating cell attachment, growth, differentiation, migration, and tissue morphogenesis. (thermofisher.com)
Multilineage differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells in three-dimensional culture systems. (thermofisher.com)
His research in Athens focused on the regulation of neuronal differentiation and specification, studying the role of genes that coordinate cell cycle exit and differentiation of neural stem cells during embryonic development. (bioacademy.gr)
His research interests are focused on how epigenetic mechanisms can regulate cell differentiation and proliferation during development, in health and disease. (bioacademy.gr)
2013). The role of nuclear receptors in controlling the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. (bioacademy.gr)
Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
During this time, neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the developing brain are undergoing proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form neurons and the normal cytoarchitecture of the brain. (rutgers.edu)
Therefore, to really understand ASD, we need to study developmental processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation in human neural cells derived from individuals with idiopathic ASD. (rutgers.edu)
Ongoing and future applications include 100-port valves and systems for optimizing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells, a 10,000 channel yeast MicroChemostat, and a MicroDialysis imager, all with direct injection into a mass spectrometer. (selectbiosciences.com)
Expression is particularly high in the pancreas where it is thought to play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic beta cells. (embl.de)
Stem cells are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, making them uniquely situated to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases. (articlecity.com)
These stem cells are located in the base of the intestinal crypts and undergo self-renewal and differentiation to give rise to various specialized cell types of the intestinal epithelium. (originalcollegeessays.com)
The regeneration process involves a series of complex cellular events, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the intestinal stem cells. (originalcollegeessays.com)
The bHLH Transcription Factor ASCL1 Promotes Differentiation of Endocrine Cells in the Stomach and is Regulated by Notch Signaling. (qxmd.com)
Notch signaling regulates gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation yet Notch-regulated transcriptional effectors of gastric epithelial cell differentiation are poorly understood. (qxmd.com)
Here we tested the role of the bHLH transcription factor achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, and its regulation by Notch. (qxmd.com)
Notch regulation of Ascl1 was also demonstrated in a genetic mouse model of Notch activation, as well as Notch-manipulated antral organoid cultures, thus suggesting that ASCL1 is a key downstream Notch pathway effector promoting endocrine cell differentiation in the gastric epithelium. (qxmd.com)
In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
It produces extracellular matrix and communicates with neighboring cells to maintain normal skin physiology and acts as a signaling center enabling epidermal growth, proliferation, differentiation and wound healing. (lifemapsc.com)
The intricate crosstalk among signaling pathways coordinates vascular precursor cell proliferation and differentiation during neovascularization. (omeka.net)
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
It confers pluripotency on embryonic stem cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic ENDODERM and trophectoderm (TROPHOBLAST) CELL LINEAGES. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: This study showed that an osteoblastic cell lineage may be obtained from human bone marrow derived from adherent cells, and that the presence of the rhBMP-4 seems to have an effect during the first stages of differentiation only. (bvsalud.org)
YT modulate processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and organ size and are regulated by the Hippo pathway. (lu.se)

Borlongan, C.V., Glover, L.E., Tajiri, N., Kaneko, Y. and Freeman, T.B. (2011) The Great Migration of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells towards the Ischemic Brain: Therapeutic Implications for Stroke and Other Neurological Disorders. (scirp.org)
Li, L. and Jiang, J. (2011) Regulatory Factors of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration into Injured Tissues and Their Signal Transduction Mechanisms. (scirp.org)
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-506 and proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. (medscimonit.com)
Cell proliferation, cell counting, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay were applied to evaluate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. (medscimonit.com)
MiR-506 over-expression significantly inhibits the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of breast cancer cells. (medscimonit.com)
Therefore, the goals of my studies were to assess neurite outgrowth, migration, and signaling pathways in neural precursor cells derived from 6 individuals with ASD. (rutgers.edu)
Fascinatingly, despite the heterogeneity of ASD, all 6 patients in our cohort had reductions in neurite outgrowth and cell migration when compared to unaffected individuals. (rutgers.edu)
Specifically, treatment with EFs stimulated neurite outgrowth and cell migration in both unaffected patients and 16pdel NPCs, whereas they failed to elicit neurite or migration responses in I-ASD. (rutgers.edu)
Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
Forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family that has been found to regulate in cell migration. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was found to trigger BV‑2 cell migration, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
After Foxc1 was overexpressed, the cognitive dysfunction of mice that underwent CLP surgery was improved, with the expression of IκBα also increased, microglial cell migration, the expression of p65, IL‑1β and TNF‑α and neuronal apoptosis were all decreased in vivo and in vitro , which were in turn reversed by the inhibition of IκBα in vitro . (spandidos-publications.com)
Here we show that TGF-beta regulates proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of mesenchymal GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. (uni-regensburg.de)
When tissue injury occurs, local hypoxia and inflammation result in the generation of vasculogenic mediators which orchestrate migration of vascular precursor cells from their niche environment to the site of tissue injury. (omeka.net)
Hypoxia inducible factor-2α importance for migration, proliferation, and self-renewal of trunk neural crest cells. (lu.se)

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC/MPC) are found in many tissues and fluids including bone marrow, adipose tissues, muscle, synovial membranes, synovial fluid, and blood. (scirp.org)
2013). Corticotropin-releasing hormone exerts direct effects on neuronal progenitor cells: implications for neuroprotection. (bioacademy.gr)
A number of recent studies have developed tissue engineering approaches for promoting cartilage repair using undifferentiated progenitor cells seeded on biomaterial scaffolds, but little is known about how oxygen might influence these engineered tissues. (duke.edu)
Research published in 2016 has identified a population of progenitor cells within the pancreas of mice and human that can give rise to new insulin-producing cells in vitro. (bepress.com)
The total number of progenitor cells was high in early life but declined with age. (bepress.com)
This suggests that progenitor cells with the potential to become insulin-producing cells exist throughout life and may represent a source of β-cell plasticity to reverse diabetes. (bepress.com)
The goal is to develop a cellular therapy for human diseases either (a) with adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs), or (b) with therapeutic factors that MSCs produce in response to signals from injured tissues. (tamu.edu)
Vascular precursor cells include stem cells and progenitor cells giving rise to all mature cell types in the wall of blood vessels. (omeka.net)
Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)
Different phenotypes and subtypes of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), such as early and late EPCs, have been described according to their functionality. (intechopen.com)
We first developed a method to simultaneously isolate proximal and distal lung progenitor cells from an individual mouse with the aid of a 3D printed surgical guide and found that the precision of dissecting the lung lobes affects the purity of the isolated distal progenitors and how they behave in organoid assays. (lu.se)

Students use a zebrafish model system to explore neural stem cell proliferation in the vertebrate brain and generate and test the hypotheses pertaining to changes in hypothalamic proliferation rates in response to altered physiological conditions. (carleton.edu)
2016). Nuclear receptor NR5A2 controls neural stem cell fate decisions during development. (bioacademy.gr)
2014). Recent advances in the involvement of long non-coding RNAs in neural stem cell biology and brain pathophysiology. (bioacademy.gr)
This study evidently demonstrates the potentiating effect of ICA on neural stem cell growth and proliferation, which might be mediated through regulation of cell cycle gene and protein expression promoting cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhanced expression of MycN/CIP2A drives neural crest toward a neural stem cell-like fate: Implications for priming of neuroblastoma. (lu.se)

This is obviously a simplistic attempt at describing a complex disease that can utilize a myriad of biological pathways to sustain growth and proliferation. (vin.com)
Several signaling pathways control blood cell (hemocyte) development in the Drosophila lymph gland. (nih.gov)
The TGF-β family members exert their effects by binding to receptors on the cell surface, activating intracellular signaling pathways that modulate gene expression programs that control normal cell physiology, immune responses, and a variety of developmental processes. (cshlpress.com)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology provides a comprehensive view of the different members of the TGF-β family, the signaling pathways they control, and how they influence development, normal physiology, and disease. (cshlpress.com)
Enterochromaffin Cells Are Gut Chemosensors that Couple to Sensory Neural Pathways. (ucsf.edu)
Dendritic cells appear to develop in several pathways. (medscape.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Influence of oxygen on the proliferation and metabolism of adipose derived adult stem cells. (duke.edu)
These findings suggest oxygen tension may play an important role in regulating the proliferation and metabolism of hADAS cells as they undergo chondrogenesis, and the exogenous control of oxygen tension may provide a means of increasing the overall accumulation of matrix macromolecules in tissue-engineered cartilage. (duke.edu)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a homeostasis disorder of glucose metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR) and/or pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, which involves the interaction of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors ( 1 , 2 ) . (researchsquare.com)
In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A thermogenic fat-epithelium cell axis regulates intestinal disease tolerance. (ucsf.edu)

This CURE was developed to provide biology majors with a 'real-world' research experience in the areas of physiology and neurobiology. (carleton.edu)
17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
Educated at the University of Nottingham and at Worcester College, University of Oxford, he has published over 200 scientific papers and maintains an active program in diabetes research and stem cell biology. (bepress.com)
Cell Biochemistry & Function publishes original research articles and reviews on the mechanisms whereby molecular and biochemical processes control cellular activity with a particular emphasis on the integration of molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology in the regulation of tissue function in health and disease . (wiley.com)
The primary remit of the journal is on mammalian biology both in vivo and in vitro but studies on the biochemistry and function of cells in situ are especially encouraged . (wiley.com)
Improved understanding of the pathology of histiocytic disorders requires knowledge of the origins, biology, and physiology of the cells involved. (medscape.com)
Dr. Melissa (Missy) Wong is an Associate Professor of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology within the School of Medicine. (ohsu.edu)
This volume is therefore a comprehensive reference on the biology of the TGF-β family, and it will be valuable for not only cell and developmental biologists but all who wish to learn about this important field of research. (cshlpress.com)

Journal of Cellular Physiology , 204 (1), 184-191. (duke.edu)
Journal of Cellular Physiology 204, no. 1 (July 2005): 184-91. (duke.edu)

Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and a transgenic reporter assay, our results demonstrate a requirement for dnmt1 activity in the regulation of RSC proliferation, gene expression and in the repression of endogenous retroelements (REs). (nih.gov)
Previous studies on the pathogenesis of T2D mainly focused on pancreatic β-cells function and insulin secretion regulation. (researchsquare.com)
In recent years, studies on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular precursor cell function have achieved substantial progress, which promotes exploration of vascular precursor cell-based approaches to treat chronic wounds and ischemic diseases in vital organ systems. (omeka.net)

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2019) 51 (6): 2547-2563. (karger.com)
2019 ) Mitigating Antagonism between Transcription and Proliferation Allows Near-Deterministic Cellular Reprogramming. (neurotree.org)

Such a description excludes diseases in which infiltration of these cells occurs in response to a primary pathology. (medscape.com)

Each category of histiocytosis can be traced to reactive or neoplastic proliferation in one of these cell lineages. (medscape.com)

Today cancer can be defined as any malignant growth or tumour caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, able to invade tissues locally and have the ability to spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream. (vin.com)
Collagen I is the most common fibrillar collagen for cell culture and is found in skin, bone, tendons, and other connective tissues. (thermofisher.com)
iPSCs are stem cells reprogrammed from mature somatic tissues (like white blood cells) that have the capability of forming almost any cell in the body including neurons. (rutgers.edu)
Organ-on-chips are miniaturized devices that arrange living cells to simulate functional subunits of tissues and organs. (selectbiosciences.com)
Similarly, the transplantation of other tissue-specific stem cells, such as stem cells isolated from epithelial and neural tissues, can treat mouse disease models and human patients in which epithelial and neural cells are damaged. (articlecity.com)
Histiocytoses encompass a group of diverse proliferative disorders characterized by the accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)
The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
hEPCs have been used for cell-based therapies due to their capacity to contribute in the re-endothelialization of injured blood vessels and neovascularization in ischemic tissues. (intechopen.com)
Dendritic cells display a large amount of MHC-peptide complexes at their surface and can increase the expression of costimulatory receptors and migrate to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, where they activate specific T cells. (medscape.com)

Hart, D.A. (2014) Why Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity in Specific Environments? (scirp.org)
Wu, Y. and Zhao, R.C. (2012) The Role of Chemokines in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing to the Myocardium. (scirp.org)
Fehrer, C. and Lepperdinger, G. (2005) Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging. (scirp.org)

American Journal of Physiology. (qxmd.com)

This is because evolution has allowed the development of many fail-safe mechanisms within the cell that react to DNA damage by arresting the cell cycle (to allow repair) or allowing the cell to die naturally. (vin.com)
Our group specializes in determining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diseases that include heart disease, diabetes, and peritonitis. (tamu.edu)
The Wong Lab dives into understanding regulatory mechanisms for proliferation of stem cells and investigating novel mechanism for how tumor cells gain diversity. (ohsu.edu)
We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)

Loss of dnmt1 function results in gene misregulation and cell death in a variety of developmental contexts, however, its role in retinal stem cell (RSC) maintenance is currently unknown. (nih.gov)
Further, the mechanism of ICA-induced cell proliferation of neural stem cells was investigated by analyzing the gene and protein expression of cell cycle related genes cyclin D1 and p21. (biomedcentral.com)
Then we used miR-720 mimic, miR-720 inhibitor and dual luciferase reporter gene assays to prove miR-720 regulate insulin secretion by targeting Rab35 in MIN6 cells. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, we overexpressed and silenced of Rab35 gene to detect the expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in MIN6 cells by RT-PCR and western blot. (researchsquare.com)
microRNA (miR) is a highly conserved non-coding small RNA widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, 18-25 nucleotides long, being capable of affecting the biological functions of other genes by binding to the 3'UTR end of its target gene ( 4 , 5 ) . (researchsquare.com)
Silencing LRH-1 in colon cancer cell lines impairs proliferation and alters gene expression programs. (ucsf.edu)
A novel age-related gene expression signature associates with proliferation and disease progression in breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

As a step towards mobilizing these cells we have examined the ability of grafted bone marrow-derived stem cells to reverse diabetes in mice. (bepress.com)
A microglia‑mediated inflammation model was induced by LPS in BV‑2 microglial cells in vitro , whilst a SAE‑related cognitive impairment model was established in mice using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
Newborn Ascl1 null mice showed a loss of expression of markers of neurogenin-3 dependent enteroendocrine cells, with normal expression of enterochromaffin-like cells, mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. (qxmd.com)
Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice revealed single, scattered ASCL1+ cells in the gastric epithelium, with expression in antral gastrin- and serotonin-producing endocrine cells. (qxmd.com)
Lineage tracing in Gastrin-CreERT2 mice demonstrated a similar lifespan for gastrin-producing cells, confirming that gastric endocrine cells are long-lived. (qxmd.com)
RANK signaling is dispensable for the formation of the stem cell compartment and the inductive hair follicle mesenchyme, and the hair cycle can be rescued by Rankl knockout skin transplantation onto nude mice. (cnrs.fr)
some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
these effects were not observed in mice with depletion of CD8+ T cells. (stanford.edu)
In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)

This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2018) 51 (5): 2262-2274. (karger.com)
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2018) 51 (3): 1276-1286. (karger.com)
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry (2018) 51 (1): 470-486. (karger.com)
If we consider the body as a multi-cellular unit, then cells within this unit form part of a specialized society that cooperates to promote survival of the organism. (vin.com)
In simple terms, cancer can be considered as a breakdown in cellular homeostasis leading to uncontrolled cell division and proliferation, which ultimately leads to a disease state. (vin.com)
Collagen I is used in both 2D and 3D cell culture to make the in vitro cellular environment more in vivo -like. (thermofisher.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, which harness the power of genetic reprogramming - basically, the altering of a cell's DNA - to change the course of cellular development. (articlecity.com)
Across metazoans, Akt signaling integrates local and systemic information central to cellular and organismal physiology. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular senescence, which is morphologically characterized by an enlarged and flattened cell shape, was first described by Hayflick [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
Psoriasis lesions are characterized by hyper-proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes associated with inflammatory cellular infiltrate in both dermis and epidermis. (springer.com)

Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
2018 ) Alveolar epithelial cell processing of nanoparticles activates autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis. (neurotree.org)
Receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK), known for controlling bone mass, has been recognized for its role in epithelial cell activation of the mammary gland. (cnrs.fr)

Histologically, the dermatosis is characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, impaired epidermal barrier function at the sites of skin lesions, and skin infiltration by activated inflammatory cells [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
RANK is expressed by the hair follicle germ and bulge stem cells and the epidermal basal cells, cell types implicated in the renewal of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit. (cnrs.fr)

Zika virus (ZIKV) directly infects neural progenitors and impairs their proliferation. (fsu.edu)
Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This review attempts to condense our understanding of cancer and offer insights into an alternative theory regarding the existence of true cancer stem cells and how this will inform the development of new therapeutics. (vin.com)
The Concept of Cancer Stem Cells: Elaborating on ALDH1B1 as an Emerging Marker of Cancer Progression. (lu.se)

Some of these techniques include novel tools for genetic manipulation, 4,5 approaches for in vitro disease modelling 6-9 and innovative co-culture system with autologous cell types 10,11 or bacteria, 12-14 as well as viral infection models. (stemcell.com)
NSCs can be cultured in vitro as neurospheres that are composed of neural stems cells and progenitors. (biomedcentral.com)
The NSCs can grow and multiply in vitro medium, and then be activated to differentiate into different nerve cells to be transplanted within the brain to replace damaged cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In this regard, the growth and proliferation of the neural stem cells in vitro are critical as the number of cells available for transplantation is essential to achieve beneficial effect in replacing injury or loss of the neuronal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, the importance and meaning of these observations needs to be addressed in a suitable and easily manipulable in vitro system consisting of human islets and immune cells. (selectbiosciences.com)
However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. (bvsalud.org)
On a functional level, proneural CSC lines caused a significantly stronger TGF-beta-dependent suppression of NKG2D expression on CD8(+) T and NK cells in vitro providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced immune infiltration of proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (MSCs) have a limited lifespan and stop proliferating during in vitro culture due to replicative senescence [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is hard to preserve the important characteristics such as proliferation capacity and stemness of MSCs the inadequate cultivating microenvironment in vitro . (hindawi.com)
Cells derived from bone marrow can undergo osteoinduction in vitro in the absence of osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro maintenance of multipotent neural crest stem cells as crestospheres. (lu.se)

Cell Biochemistry and Function currently does not publish research in specific areas that are better served by specialist journals. (wiley.com)
Cell Biochemistry & Function also discourages submission of research based exclusively on analysis of publically available transcriptomic and proteomic datasets, although the acceptability of specific manuscripts in this particular area can be discussed with the Editor-in-Chief. (wiley.com)
Dr. David Ellison is a Professor in the department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension and the department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry. (ohsu.edu)

Since the introduction of the mouse small intestinal organoid model in 2009, 1 there has been an avalanche of developments in this field, including development of culture conditions for human organoids derived from primary colonic tissue, 2 as well as from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (stemcell.com)
Yet, until the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology such studies were impossible. (rutgers.edu)
Normal histiocytes originate from pluripotent stem cells, which can be found in bone marrow. (medscape.com)
Pluripotent stem cells can also be committed to produce dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into various phenotypes and are a source of osteogenic Cells 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

A thin coating of diluted collagen solution supports cell attachment and growth of some primary cells, including hepatocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Pro-adhesive and chemotactic activities of thrombospondin-1 for breast carcinoma cells are mediated by alpha3beta1 integrin and regulated by insulin-like growth factor-1 and CD98. (thermofisher.com)
Dr. David Hill is the director of the Lawson Health Research Institute , researching the development of insulin-producing beta cells , studying growth factors and development in animal models in the context of possible therapy targets for gestational, Type 1, and Type 2 Diabetes . (bepress.com)
The effect of ICA on the growth and proliferation of the neural stem cells was evaluated by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling of proliferating cells, and photomicrographic images of the cultured neural stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study showed that icariin promotes the growth and proliferation of neural stem cells from rat hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Exploring the effect of pharmacological manipulation, such as usage of traditional medicine, on the growth and proliferation of neural stem cells is thus valuable towards the development of the stem cells therapies of the neurodegenerative disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, various factors such as cytokines and growth factors are involved in promoting cell division and tissue repair. (originalcollegeessays.com)
RANKL is actively transcribed by the hair follicle at initiation of its growth phase, providing a mechanism for stem cell RANK engagement and hair-cycle entry. (cnrs.fr)
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family is a large group of structurally related proteins that drive developmental programs and control cell behavior. (cshlpress.com)
As human osteosarcoma cells are a source of additional growth they did not affect osteoinduction. (bvsalud.org)
Osteoblasts were obtained from human bone marrow cells even in the absence of growth factors and showed a typical morphology. (bvsalud.org)

However, rodent models, due to differences in physiology and genetics, are unable to truly recapitulate human neurodevelopment. (rutgers.edu)

With this raw material, biomedical firms can create stem cell lines that, among other things, aid recuperation via the regeneration of tissue that has been lost or damaged. (articlecity.com)
During the regeneration process, intestinal stem cells play a crucial role in replenishing and renewing the damaged epithelial cells. (originalcollegeessays.com)
Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate Akt signaling is essential for organismal physiology and in late stages of the Akt phenotype the reduction in neoblast numbers may impair regeneration in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells can be differentiated into mature endothelial cells, which are involved in processes of angiogenesis and vessel regeneration. (intechopen.com)
Thus, it has been shown that early EPCs release cytokines that promote tissue regeneration and neovasculogenesis, whereas late EPC and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to the formation of blood vessels and stimulate tube formation. (intechopen.com)

The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties and a high regenerative capacity. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, research on exosomes produced by MSC has been intensified for use in cell-free regenerative medicine. (frontiersin.org)
This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)

They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. (articlecity.com)
A homeodomain protein and transcription regulator that functions in BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS and EMBRYONIC STEM CELL proliferation and CELL SELF RENEWAL. (bvsalud.org)

Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

While much is known about the ErbB receptor binding characteristics of BTC and its effect on a variety of cultured cells under different conditions, the challenge that lies ahead is to determine the role of BTC in vivo. (embl.de)
Here we have synthesized and investigated new variants of sp2-IGLs for their ability to suppress the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling through Toll-like receptor 4. (cnrs.fr)
948 - Nuclear Receptor Liver Receptor Homolog-1 Promotes Intestinal Notch Signaling and Enteroendocrine Cell Development. (ucsf.edu)
273 - Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 Mitigates Intestinal Inflammatory Disease by Promoting Stem Cell Survival and Directing Normal Epithelial Composition. (ucsf.edu)
The first signal may involve interaction between an MHC I-bound and/or MHC II-bound peptide on an APC with the T-cell receptor (TCRs) on the effector lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

They include endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. (frontiersin.org)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)

The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
Studies utilize the tissue culture of animal and human connective tissue cell types, including myoblasts, fibroblasts and chondrocytes, hepatocytes, and isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans. (bepress.com)
In recent years, it has been an active research area to replace neural tissue loss through transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of AD [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These microdevices provide exquisite control of tissue microenvironment for the investigation of organ-level physiology and disease. (selectbiosciences.com)
Current research is focused on growing a wide range of new tissue from stem cells, including muscle, blood, brain, and cartilage cells. (articlecity.com)
Adult stem cells, which are present in small amounts in adult tissue but less adaptable than embryonic stem cells, making their use in medical treatments more challenging. (articlecity.com)
They have many of the positive characteristics of embryonic stem cells while sourcing material is far less challenging, since postpartum tissue can be used. (articlecity.com)
Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
Vascular precursor cells in tissue injury repair. (omeka.net)

This chapter provides an overview of the key role of hEPC in promoting angiogenesis and their potential use for cell therapy. (intechopen.com)

Thus, it may refer to the "exosome complex ," being a proteic (enzymatic) macromolecular machinery, present in archaea and eukaryotic cells, being involved in RNA degradation. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, the "exosome vesicle " is an extracellular particle released from the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)

2013). Prox1 suppresses the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells via a dual action in p27-Kip1 and Cdc25A. (bioacademy.gr)

Dr. David Hill holds the Lawson Professorship in Diabetes Research and is a Professor in the Departments of Medicine, Physiology & Pharmacology and Paediatrics, at Western University. (bepress.com)

Intestinal Organoids: New Frontiers in the Study of Intestinal Disease and Physiology. (ucsf.edu)

The stem cells within the basal layer, which contact the basement membrane, continually divide during the lifetime of the organism, providing a source of cells which progressively migrate upwards through the epidermis, differentiating and stratifying to form the barrier layer of the skin [ 11 , 14 ]. (springer.com)
The main anatomical characteristics are three types of unicellular hairs, unequally sized epidermis cells of the leaf and a sclerenchyma belt in the stem. (who.int)

However, despite the fact that cancer is a common disease and considering the number of cells making up an organism, the change from normal cell to cancer cell is actually a very rare event. (vin.com)
The ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) occurs at sites of chronic ulceration in Crohn's disease, expresses all three trefoil peptides, and is implicated in mucosal restitution. (embl.de)
[ 2 ] For example, the entity now referred to as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was initially divided into eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, and Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, depending on the sites and severity. (medscape.com)
[ 3 , 4 ] This designation was changed to Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on the suggestion by Nezelof that the Langerhans cell represented the primary cell involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. (medscape.com)
Akt has been widely studied for its central role in physiology and disease, in particular cancer where it has become an attractive pharmacological target. (biomedcentral.com)
LRH-1 mitigates intestinal inflammatory disease by maintaining epithelial homeostasis and cell survival. (ucsf.edu)
Tu1824 Targeting Intestinal Stem Cells to Promote Healing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (ucsf.edu)
Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease : Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies. (cdc.gov)
Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (cdc.gov)

The importance of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T and B lymphocytes is increasingly recognized. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] Immature dendritic cells respond to GM-CSF (not to macrophage colony-stimulating factor [M-CSF]) and become committed to generating dendritic cells, which are "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (medscape.com)
[ 13 ] Dendritic cells are also efficient stimulators of B-cell lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Effective induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses requires interaction between the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes to prime the latter cells for expansion and subsequent immune responses. (medscape.com)

The role of vitamin D as main regulator of skin physiology is very complex (Table 1 ). (springer.com)

Batsali, A.K., Kastrinaki, M.C., Papadaki, H.A. and Pontikoglou, C. (2013) Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly of the Umbilical Cord: Biological Properties and Emerging Clinical Applications. (scirp.org)
Collagen I initiates endothelial cell morphogenesis by inducing actin polymerization through suppression of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 1 (January 2003): 327-334. (thermofisher.com)

The ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the zebrafish retina contains a population of actively proliferating resident stem cells, which generate retinal neurons throughout life. (nih.gov)

volume = {35}, number = {1879-291X (Electronic)}, pages = {1209--1216}, abstract = {Invasive cell-counting in lymph node (LN) is the current reference to assess LN changes due to inflammation, immunodeficiency and cancer in murine models. (cnrs.fr)

Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). (wikipedia.org)
Fundamental to our basic understanding of mammalian physiology is the concept of homeostasis. (vin.com)
Mammalian Asrij (Ociad1) is expressed in stem cells of the blood vascular system and is implicated in several cancers. (nih.gov)

For example, because hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the entire blood system, bone marrow transplantation has long been used in the clinic to treat various diseases. (articlecity.com)

These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
The intestinal epithelium incorporates several distinct cell populations, including the rapidly dividing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that facilitate the typical four-to-five day turnover cycle of the adult intestinal epithelium. (stemcell.com)
The adult intestinal epithelium is primarily composed of six cell types that are arranged in a crypt-villus structure (Figure 1). (stemcell.com)
18 At the base of the intestinal crypt, the ISCs are found intercalated with Paneth cells, 17 credited with much of the signaling required to maintain the stem cell niche. (stemcell.com)
This means that the cells of the intestinal epithelium are constantly being replaced with new cells. (originalcollegeessays.com)

In vivo, a substantially increased infiltration of immune cells was observed in mesenchymal GBMs, while immune infiltrates were rare in proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)

Transit amplifying cells are partially differentiated cells that migrate upward via a physical crypt exclusion mechanism as the ISCs below them divide. (stemcell.com)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potentiating effect of ICA on the proliferation of rat hippocampal neural stem cells, and explore the possible mechanism involved. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to investigate whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism, and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism, and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. (researchsquare.com)

These studies have led to several findings, for example that certain cytokines are generated by beta cells themselves, sometimes under stress, and also that there are probably key factors that render beta cells susceptible to immune attacks. (selectbiosciences.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy56

Organisms15

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation33

Migration15

Progenitor cells11

Neural stem5

Pathways6

Metabolism4

Regulates4

Biology8

Journal of Cellular Physiology2

Regulation3

20192

Pathology1

Neoplastic1

Tissues10

Mesenchymal Stem3

American Journal of Physiology1

Mechanisms4

Gene7

Mice10

Cellular13

Epithelial cell3

Epidermal2

Impairs2

Cancer stem2

Vitro11

Biochemistry3

Pluripotent5

Growth11

Genetics1

Regeneration8

Regenerative3

Self-renewal2

Tumor2

Receptor5

Endothelial cells2

Tissue9

Angiogenesis1

Eukaryotic cells2

Suppresses1

Pharmacology1

Frontiers1

Epidermis2

Disease9

Dendritic cells4

Skin physiology1

Biological2

Zebrafish1

Abstract1

Mammalian3

Transplantation1

Intestinal5

Vivo1

Mechanism4

Cytokines5