• The pituitary hormone-regulating hormones are also released by cells other than hypothalamic neurons, and their receptors also occur on non-pituitary cells, especially brain neurons, where their role is less well understood. (harvard.edu)
  • Olfactory receptor neurons. (lookformedical.com)
  • Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins ( RECEPTORS, ODORANT ) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. (lookformedical.com)
  • These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia . (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons , that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons . (lookformedical.com)
  • The ability to detect scents or odors , such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS . (lookformedical.com)
  • It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB . (lookformedical.com)
  • A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Its receptor - the neurokinin type 1 - is distributed over cytoplasmic membranes of many cell types (neurons, glia, endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics, fibroblasts, stem cells, white blood cells) in many tissues and organs. (wikidoc.org)
  • Endogenous neurotransmitters, like exogenously administered analgesics, work on dorsal horn neurons to inhibit excitatory transmitter release and consequently to decrease pain and perception. (vin.com)
  • DEHP and its metabolites affect the proliferation and differentiation of neurons, synapse formation, and the regulatory effects of amino acid neurotransmitters system on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons which are modulated by sexual hormones. (psych.ac.cn)
  • Interestingly, NG2 cells also express ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors, and form synapses with neurons, suggesting that these cells have profound functions that we realized so far. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
  • We also discuss the mechanisms by which developing neurons express neurotransmitters and synaptic receptors. (mhmedical.com)
  • Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter acting mainly in the caudal part of the central nervous system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The inhibitory elements are the opioids, the α 2- adrenergic fibers, γ- aminobutyric acid, and the serotoninergic and adenosinergic receptors. (vin.com)
  • Receptors for dopamine, which is a prolactin release-inhibiting hormone as well as a common neurotransmitter, are not included here. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition, various pathways and neurotransmitter systems have been found to be related to the psychoactive and addictive properties of nicotine, such as the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system [ 14 - 16 ], the serotonin system, the glutamate system, and the GABA system [ 17 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • L-Tyrosine is arguably one of the top nootropic supplements you should consider if you are struggling with low mood and motivation.Tyrosine is an amino acid and a basic building block of the neurotransmitter dopamine. (vagarights.com)
  • High levels of dopamine (DA) were described in human ovary and recently evidence for DA receptors in granulosa and luteal cells has been provided, as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DEHP affects the development of dopamine neurotransmitter system of the midbrain and induces motor hyperactivity. (psych.ac.cn)
  • Studies in developing rodents indicate that nicotine is a neuroteratogen that disrupts brain development by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that control neural cell replication and differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Geminin, a key regulator of DNA replication licensing in the cell cycle, plays an essential role in determining the fate of cells via suppression of cell proliferation and cellular differentiation. (edu.au)
  • Cell surface receptors that bind the hypothalamic hormones regulating pituitary cell differentiation, proliferation, and hormone synthesis and release, including the pituitary-releasing and release-inhibiting hormones. (harvard.edu)
  • The expression of GHRH and its receptors in breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation-further evidence of the presence of a GHRH pathway in these tumors. (harvard.edu)
  • Modulatory effects were mainly described in immune cells, endothelial cells and macroglial cells, where glycine modulates proliferation, differentiation, migration and cytokine production. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our Specific Aims are: In Specific Aim 1, we will investigate the effects of mutant Htt on the oligodendrocyte lineage, we will examine proliferation, differentiation, survival of OPCs through in vivo genetic fate tracing. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
  • [8] Other neurokinin subtypes and neurokinin receptors that interact with SP have been reported as well. (wikidoc.org)
  • By acting on GABA receptors, Theanine mimmicks the neurotransmitter, reducing stress, easing muscle tension, and lowering blood pressure. (vagarights.com)
  • He also observed that despite the low GAD activity of undifferentiated retinas the level of the transmitter GABA was very high, suggesting an alternative source of the neurotransmitter in the retina of young embryos. (gf.org)
  • Indeed, Dr. de Mello demonstrated taht the alternative source of GABA in the embryonic retina was putrescine, a compound that is present in high levels in the undifferentiated nervous system with a high index of cellular proliferation. (gf.org)
  • They also mapped the cell types that, upon activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, would release GABA and Signal GABAergic information in specific sites of the retina. (gf.org)
  • In vitro experiments found that isolated human islets treated with GABA receptor blockade have decreased insulin secretion at physiologic glucose concentrations 18 . (nature.com)
  • Nicotine, as the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, produces diverse neurophysiological, motivational, and behavioural effects through interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system (CNS). (hindawi.com)
  • Selenium prevents cancer through a variety of mechanisms, which include antioxidant protection , enhanced immune surveillance, suppression of angiogenesis, regulation of cell proliferation, enhancement of apoptosis (cell death), and inhibition of tumor cell invasion. (tahomaclinicblog.com)
  • These characteristics include inhibition of leucocyte proliferation, T cells apoptosis, and induction of macrophages along with reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. (thctotalhealthcare.com)
  • Extensive renovation of the epithelium, cell proliferation, apoptosis and changes in the shape and positioning of cell groups are determined by morphogenetic gradients that play critical roles during the morphogenesis of teeth 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell migration assays. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our previous work showed that upon the alteration of the blood-retina barrier, the serine protease thrombin could contribute to the transformation, proliferation, and migration of RPE cells. (molvis.org)
  • TRPM7 has been implicated in cell proliferation and migration during cancer progression, and its expression levels correlate with prognosis in breast cancer. (ecmbio.com)
  • Results showed that histamine reduces the proliferation of myelin autoreactive T lymphocytes and the production of interferon-gamma, a crucial cytokine involved in brain inflammation and demyelination. (disabled-world.com)
  • Pharmacological experiments show that Nogo-66/NgR1 interaction reduces the proliferation of NSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • The short transient receptor potential channel 4 (TrpC4), also known as Trp-related protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • TrpC4 is a member of the transient receptor potential cation channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transient Receptor Potential Channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily of cation-permeable TRP channels is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues. (ecmbio.com)
  • This finding was one of the first demonstrations of the existence of functional neurotransmitter receptors in the developing nervous system prior to the existence of the endogenous neurotransmitter. (gf.org)
  • The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R). (wikidoc.org)
  • The effects of these treatments were evaluated by T cell functions analysis including proliferation, cytokine production, intracellular signaling pathways activation, and adhesion to brain vessels. (disabled-world.com)
  • Thus activation of the vasoactive G protein-coupled Amphotericin B receptor Amphotericin B UT triggers functional inhibition and endocytosis of GABAAR in CHO and human astrocytes its receptor C-terminus. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found members of the two DA receptor families (D 1 - and D 2 -like) associated with different signaling pathways in human GCs, namely D 1 (as expected) and D 5 (both are Gs coupled and linked to cAMP increase) and D 2 , D 4 (Gi/Gq coupled and linked to IP3/DAG). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 5-HT neurotransmitter regulates important pathways of mammalian metabolism and is synthesized from the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan amino acids 5 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The steady deterioration of the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin with age is caused by a combination of factors including reduced cellular proliferation and collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and changes in epidermal morphology (Crane 2015). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Effects of nonthermal radiofrequency radiation (RFR) of the global system of mobile communication (GSM) cellular phones have been as yet mostly studied at the molecular level in the context of cellular stress and proliferation, as well as neurotransmitter production and localization. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • TRPM7 specifically is involved with cellular magnesium homeostasis and neurotransmitter release. (ecmbio.com)
  • Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of peripheral neurotransmitter interference, thus pointing toward future research directions in the treatment of atherosclerosis. (edu.au)
  • Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors in apocrine adnexal tumours and apocrine glands of the skin. (harvard.edu)
  • Growth hormone deficiency with advanced bone age: phenotypic interaction between GHRH receptor and CYP21A2 mutations diagnosed by sanger and whole exome sequencing. (harvard.edu)
  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists abolish the transactivation of human epidermal growth factor receptors in advanced prostate cancer models. (harvard.edu)
  • Differential immunostaining of various types of breast carcinomas for growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor - Apocrine epithelium and carcinomas emerging as uniformly positive. (harvard.edu)
  • The presence of the trophic hormone hCG (10 IU/ml) in the culture medium for several days did not alter mRNA (semiquantitative RT-PCR) or protein levels (immunocytochemistry/Western blotting) of D 1,2,4,5 DA receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pubertal hormones prompt a proliferation of receptors for oxytocin, a hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, in the limbic area of the brain, where emotional processing occurs. (wellcure.com)
  • Calcium is vitally important in bone health, muscle contraction, hormone secretion, and neurotransmitter release. (edu.vn)
  • Recent research has confirmed that vitamin D receptors are present in most, if not all, cells of the body, reflecting the systemic importance of vitamin D. Many scientists have suggested it be referred to as a hormone rather than a vitamin. (edu.vn)
  • Involved in the regulation of different receptors it plays a role in BDNF signaling and EGF signaling. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neuropeptide Y (NPY) intensifies the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) directly by binding with Y1 receptors. (edu.au)
  • When used in conjunction with FGF and EGF, the maintenance medium will allow for the proliferation of ReNcell immortalized VM and CX neural stem cells. (thomassci.com)
  • Glycine and glycine receptor signalling in non-neuronal cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Activation of glycine receptors (GlyRs) causes membrane potential changes that in turn modulate calcium flux and downstream effects in these cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human granulosa cells (GCs) derived from women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) are an adequate model for endocrine cells of the follicle and the corpus luteum and were therefore employed in an attempt to decipher their DA receptor repertoire and functionality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of prototype receptors for the two families, D 1 and D 2 , was furthermore shown in rat granulosa and luteal cells by in situ hybridization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A previous study showed D 2 in human GCs, which are linked to cAMP, and the present study reveals the full spectrum of DA receptors present in these endocrine cells, which also includes D 2 -like receptors, linked to calcium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, a brief summary is provided of cannabinoid receptors properties and their expression in the respiratory system and cells of the immune system. (thctotalhealthcare.com)
  • This study showed for the first time that thrombin promotes specific, dose-dependent glutamate release from RPE cells, induced by the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). (molvis.org)
  • Excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., substance P), are active in spinal cord and enhance pain transmission. (vin.com)
  • Serotonergic neurotransmission modulates cell proliferation in several tissues, but is involved mainly in the morphogenesis of the craniofacial region 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The binding of these substance(s) triggers the activation of specific receptors required for various physiological functions, including pain sensation, memory, and appetite. (thctotalhealthcare.com)
  • GABAA receptor (GABAAR) appearance level is inversely correlated with the proliferation price of astrocytes after heart stroke or during malignancy of astrocytoma resulting in the hypothesis that GABAAR appearance/activation may are a cell proliferation repressor. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • It's been confirmed that simultaneous activation of different postsynaptic receptors induces cross-modulation of their activation properties and receptor membrane insertion/deletion. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • The biological actions of URP and UII are mediated through activation of the G protein-coupled receptor named UT. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • Prostaglandins per se don't induce inflammatory signs, but that exacerbate inflammation and pain in the sites of production of mediators of pain, this through activation of specific receptors in the blood vessels and sensitive nerves. (vin.com)
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Synergistic activation of estrogen receptor with combinations of environmental chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • This protein forms a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel that is activated by Gαi-coupled receptors, Gαq-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases, and plays a role in multiple processes including endothelial permeability, vasodilation, neurotransmitter release and cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers, rather than beta-adrenergic blockers, should be considered as first-line therapy for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are obese. (medscape.com)
  • Perinatal DEHP exposure can interfere with the effect of estrogen on brain development through sex-specifically changing the activities of aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptor in hypothalamic preoptic area of rat offspring. (psych.ac.cn)
  • Using pharmacological approaches along with in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling regulates the pace of neuronal neogeneration by reducing NSC proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Investigations in modifications in GABAAR-mediated features receptor modulation or densities in astrocytes stay unchallenged. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • Hence as much neurotransmitters and vasoactive peptides are released by endothelium and astrocytes and their receptors are portrayed by astrocytes there's a potential for complicated signaling inside the neurovascular device regarding receptor cross-talks. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
  • In the mouse brain, we found that the plasticity inhibitors Nogo-A and Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) are differentially expressed in the SVZ-OB system, in which Nogo-A identifies immature neuroblasts and NgR1 germinal astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Dr. de Mello was already interested in the possible influences neurotransmitters might have on embryonic development of the nervous system. (gf.org)
  • 1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Also regulates ion channels like the potassium channel and could modulate neurotransmitter release. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Unique among biological processes, SP release (and expression of its NK1 Receptor (through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine-like processes)) may not naturally subside in diseases marked by chronic inflammation (including cancer). (wikidoc.org)
  • Scientists studied the direct effects of histamine and two similar molecules that bind specifically on histamine receptors 1 or 2. (disabled-world.com)
  • Chemical modulation of pain transmission occurs via several neurotransmitter-receptor systems that have been shown to affect the spinal processing of nociceptive input. (vin.com)
  • Given that the proliferation and the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs increase the risk for progression of atherosclerosis, we focus on the role of geminin interference in determining the fate of VSMCs. (edu.au)
  • Histamine is a neurotransmitter involved in allergic reactions and other physiological and pathological processes. (disabled-world.com)
  • This and other effects of histamine are mediated through their interaction with specific receptors, which is in vasodilatation of the post-capillaries venules, besides to bronchi-constriction and increase in the production and flow of bronchial mucus. (vin.com)
  • Relative expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and their receptors (BMPR), members of a molecular family currently considered as major endocrine and autocrine morphogens and known to be involved in renal development, were investigated in newborn kidneys from RFR exposed and sham irradiated (control) rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Protein A is a highly stable cell surface receptor produced by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Among the DA receptors found in human GCs, D 2 expression was marked both at mRNA and protein levels and it was therefore further studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, various sites like cannabinoid receptors (CBR) having a binding affinity with cannabinoids are distributed on the surface of different cell types, where endocannabinoids (ECs) and derivatives of fatty acid can bind. (thctotalhealthcare.com)
  • Substance P and the NK1 receptor are widely distributed in the brain and are found in brain regions that are specific to regulating emotion ( hypothalamus , amygdala , and the periaqueductal gray ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Pain can be the result of the stimulation of the receptors of the pain (nociceptors), which are located in three main body areas: skin, musculoskeletal and visceral structures. (vin.com)
  • ReNcell CX may be used for a variety of research applications such as studies of neurotoxicity, neurogenesis, electrophysiology, neurotransmitter and receptor functions. (thomassci.com)
  • Plays a role in several other cell functions including proliferation, survival and death. (icr.ac.uk)
  • 5-HT interacts with its receptors, which alters cell metabolism and influences several stages of organogenesis 7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Shawn Thomas ( [email protected] ) is working to summarize the mechanisms of action of every drug approved by the FDA for a brain- related condition. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • by increasing growth of these brain structures, uridine may help rebalance neurotransmitter levels and receptor function. (vagarights.com)