• Among the major cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), Cdk1 is most abundantly expressed in IDG-SW3 cells, and its expression is down-regulated during differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are principal drivers of cell division and are an important therapeutic target to inhibit aberrant proliferation. (escholarship.org)
  • Cancer cells exploit Spy1 to stimulate proliferation through inappropriate activation of Cdks, yet the mechanism is unknown. (escholarship.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are important for regulating S-phase length in many metazoa, and here we show in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that an essential function of CDKs during early embryogenesis is to regulate the interactions between three replication initiation factors SLD-3, SLD-2 and MUS-101 (Dpb11/ TopBP1). (eur.nl)
  • Mutations that bypass the requirement for CDKs to generate interactions between these factors is partly sufficient for viability in the absence of Cyclin E, demonstrating that this is a critical embryonic function of this Cyclin. (eur.nl)
  • Here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK gamma (p38γ) acts as a CDK-like kinase and thus cooperates with CDKs, regulating entry into the cell cycle. (nature.com)
  • The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CDKs show their action by interacting with cyclins and different CDK-cyclin complexes regulate the cell cycle in the G1, S and G2/M phases ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A driving force of the cell cycle is the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the activities of which are controlled by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins and CDK inhibitors. (scienceopen.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (rcsb.org)
  • The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (rcsb.org)
  • The interactions of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their inhibitors regulate cell cycle progression. (springeropen.com)
  • As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)
  • Namely cytokinins and cytokinin-derived purine inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases belongs to the most intensively studied compounds. (cas.cz)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cdk enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through cyclin interactions, posttranslational modifications, and binding of inhibitors such as the p27 tumor suppressor protein. (escholarship.org)
  • The pharmaceutical industry currently uses cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors to target cell proliferation for cancer chemotherapy. (foxchase.org)
  • We assessed whether cell cycle inhibitors that restrict stem cell populations in other tissues may participate in limiting neural stem cell reactivity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Similarly, depletion in the STRIPAK component STRIP1 affects activation of GCKIII kinases and cell cycle disruption through elevated expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, enhanced levels of which lead to a protective effect from therapeutic treatments and increased proliferation. (lu.se)
  • Palbociclib and ribociclib are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4, 6 inhibitors indicated in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to identify cell cycle regulators involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and determine their physiological significance. (lu.se)
  • The study uses IDG-SW3 cells as a model for the differentiation from osteoblasts to osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of CDK1 activity reduces IDG-SW3 cell proliferation and differentiation into osteocytes. (lu.se)
  • The encoded protein is likely associated with apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition or cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
  • Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • During metazoan development, the cell cycle is remodelled to coordinate proliferation with differentiation. (eur.nl)
  • Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of cellular pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AS (e.g., differentiation, proliferation, and signalling pathways) are under the control of miRNAs. (hindawi.com)
  • One of estrogens, 17b-estradiol (E2), is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates the growth and differentiation of many tissues and also acts as a mitogen that promotes the development and proliferation of hormone-responsive cancers. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , are upregulated following the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, in ageing fibroblasts and in senescing malignant rhabdoid tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During progenitor cell differentiation and ageing, PcG silencer EZH2 attenuates, causing loss of PRC binding and transcriptional activation of INK4b and INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Development and homeostasis require the coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 ( Xic1 ) impairs neuronal differentiation and increases the number of ElrC (+) progenitor cells in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
  • To investigate whether p27(Xic1) is necessary for cell cycle exit and/or neuronal differentiation, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) to knockdown the protein levels in vivo. (xenbase.org)
  • Depletion of p27(Xic1) in X. tropicalis caused an increase in proliferation and a suppression of the neuronal differentiation marker, N-tubulin. (xenbase.org)
  • At the same time, we found an increase in the expression of ElrC, a marker of cells as they undergo a transition from proliferation to differentiation. (xenbase.org)
  • JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
  • Apoptosis-related protein-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest via downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase subunits. (nih.gov)
  • We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Icariin can inhibit the proliferation and colony forming ability of medulloblastoma cells, induce cell arrest in synthesis phase by inhibiting the expression of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, some cell types do not display characteristic features of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Which signaling pathways are fundamental for describing HMGB1 signal transduction, and what mechanisms are responsible to explain recent results linking overexpression of HMGB1 with decrease of apoptosis (and increased cancer cell survival)? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 μM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (rcsb.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that the p.Pro326Leu mutation induces RGC-5 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with a decreased BcL-XL. (aging-us.com)
  • Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor that is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion. (springeropen.com)
  • It is expressed in cancer cells during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and counteracts apoptosis activation during mitosis by interfering with caspase activity [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The p53 protein is an important tumor suppressor that is essential for regulating cell division, senescence, and self-destruction (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
  • Endogenous regulation of the cell cycle depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the cyclin- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • This phosphorylation event is associated with increased cell proliferation and poor prognosis in patients with glioma. (umass.edu)
  • In mouse hepatocytes, p38γ induces proliferation after partial hepatectomy by promoting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein at known CDK target residues. (nature.com)
  • The cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex phosphorylates the pRB protein leading to sequential phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2 and release of free E2F. (shu.edu)
  • HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signaling and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone. (shu.edu)
  • Virtually all mitogenic signals to the cell are processed through CDK4/6 - it is truly the central molecule that governs pRb phosphorylation status up through the R-point transition. (shu.edu)
  • During early G1 phase, mitogenic signals trigger activation of the CDK4/6-cyclin D complex, which partially deactivates Rb by phosphorylation. (shu.edu)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • On the other hand, genistein upregulated the expression of p21 gene cultured in the presence of E2 or BPA, leading to the growth inhibition of the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • consequently, genes encoding some of these proteins are being used to design constructs for the inhibition of multiplying cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • In contrast with previous studies that highlight the inhibition of cyclin/CDK activity by TGF-P signalling, these experiments reveal that active transcriptional repression of E2F target genes by pRB is also a key component of TGF-p cytostatic signalling. (uwo.ca)
  • p15 INK4b and p16 INK4a are closely related proteins and both act on the Rb-pathway through the inhibition of the proliferation-promoting cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a quiescent state, it negatively regulates cell proliferation through the inhibition of the G1 to S phase transition to allow repair of DNA damages [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Prediction #3: "We will continue to target proliferation and survival pathways. (ascopost.com)
  • Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signaling pathways which lead to cellular proliferation. (shu.edu)
  • The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Survival, growth, and proliferation of malignant cells are affected by changes in both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. (springeropen.com)
  • Uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer, and genes that directly regulate the cell cycle are typically damaged in tumor cells ( 10 ). (jcancer.org)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
  • In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
  • Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, the alteration of p21 gene expression by E2, BPA, or genistein affected the expression of its downstream genes of cell cycle, cyclin D1 and Cdk-4. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • Results: Data addressing the function of vectors harbouring genes specifically encoding ricin, saporin, lunasin , linamarase, and tomato thymidine kinase 1 under the control of different promoters are summarised here. (weeksmd.com)
  • Based on structural and functional features, they can be divided into different classes that have been shown to act as activators or repressors of E2F-dependent genes. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Expression analyses of the carrot E2F and DP genes reveal distinctive patterns and suggest that the functions of some of them are not necessarily linked to cell proliferation. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth on the relative expression of genes involved in volatile fatty acid transport, metabolism and cell proliferation in ruminal epithelial tissue of beef cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesized that in animals undergoing compensatory growth there would be an up-regulation of the relative expression of genes involved in VFA absorption and metabolism, as well as genes underlying growth and proliferation of the ruminal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently released E2F factors mediate expression of pro-proliferative genes including cyclin E and Cdc25A. (shu.edu)
  • Somatic mutations in other genes involved in cell growth are also needed for a melanoma to develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • CDK4 and CDK6 normally stimulate the cell to continue through the cycle and divide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Spy1/RINGO (Spy1) proteins bind and activate Cdk but are resistant to canonical regulatory mechanisms that establish cell-cycle checkpoints. (escholarship.org)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2. Gao, Y. et.al: A Cdc2-related protein kinase hPFTAIRE1 from human brain interacting with 14-3-3 proteins. (signalchem.com)
  • During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both of these altered proteins lead to the eventual ability of cancer cell recurrence. (lu.se)
  • Both proteins are also involved in stopping cell division in older cells (senescence). (medlineplus.gov)
  • These proteins help regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The p14(ARF) and p53 proteins are often made in cells that are unable to undergo cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Together, the germline and somatic mutations impair the function of proteins that regulate division and senescence, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a melanoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We identify mutations in Spy1 that ablate its ability to activate Cdk2 and to proliferate cells. (escholarship.org)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • It also blocks Cyclin A-CDK2 from further phosphorylating pRb to maintain S phase. (shu.edu)
  • In order to enter S phase, cells must sequentially activate CDK4/6 and CDK2. (shu.edu)
  • Activation of the CDK2-cyclin E complex results in hyperphosphorylation of Rb and fully releases E2F. (shu.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • We hypothesize that a dynamic equilibrium between the dominant buried state and an transiently open, kinase-accessible state is present in the p27-cyclin A-CDK2 complex, and aim to test this hypothesis through the use of unbiased molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. (lu.se)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CDK subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • PFTK1 is a member of the CDC2 - related protein kinase family which is expressed primarily in the postnatal and adult nervous system (1). (signalchem.com)
  • TetOp16 transgenic mice offer a way to selectively manipulate cell proliferation by allowing for temporal and spatial regulation of p16INK4a expression. (foxchase.org)
  • These results indicate that DcE2F1 is involved in the control of cell proliferation and plays important roles in the regulation of embryo and plant development. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Negative growth regulation generally occurs during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, yet the redundancy and complexity among components of this regulatory network have made it difficult to discern how negative growth cues protect cells from aberrant proliferation. (uwo.ca)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The tumour microenvironment (TME) contains several other cell types apart from cancer cells which play a role not only in the regulation of the environment but in response to treatments. (lu.se)
  • Overexpression of PFTK1 predicts resistance to chemotherapy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (signalchem.com)
  • Previous researches completed by our team have also demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Concurrent deletion of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in hepatocytes inhibits DNA replication and liver regeneration in mice. (nature.com)
  • Induction of p16 inhibits cell proliferation and thus can help to block the growth of tumors in a specific manner. (foxchase.org)
  • Here, we report that FERM domain-containing 8 (FRMD8) inhibits CDK4 activation and stabilizes RB, thereby causing cell-cycle arrest and inhibiting colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an important cell cycle regulator, targeting the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 for degradation, and is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. (umass.edu)
  • 2003), Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(Xic1). (xenbase.org)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are found in up to one-quarter of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • p27 regulates G1 /S transition by abrogating the activity of cyclin/CDK complexes. (umass.edu)
  • p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes. (lu.se)
  • In the cell proliferation test in vitro, E2 or BPA increased the growth of the BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing ERs. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In addition, NK cells stimulated with lunasin plus cytokines displayed higher tumoricidal activity than those stimulated with cytokines alone using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. (weeksmd.com)
  • Neural precursor cells from adults have exceptional proliferative and differentiative capability in vitro yet respond minimally to in vivo brain injury due to constraining mechanisms that are poorly defined. (rupress.org)
  • In vitro treatment of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to increased cell senescence, which was sustained for up to 6 days following drug removal. (shu.edu)
  • Furthermore, the function of this mutation was analyzed through various in vitro assays using the RGC-5 cell line. (aging-us.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
  • Beyond the "top fliers," like p53 and PI3 kinase, most are rare mutations. (ascopost.com)
  • Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are also associated with melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations, classified as germline mutations, are typically inherited and are present in essentially all of the body's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CDKN2A gene mutations involved in cancer impair production of functional p16(INK4A) or, less commonly, p14(ARF), which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While at Hopkins his work on the role of cell surface glycosylation in tumor metastasis led to a subsequent staff position at the NIH (National Institute on Aging) where he focused on tumor angiogenesis. (umaryland.edu)
  • In addition to his research programs in angiogenesis and breast cancer biology he also directs the Advanced Cancer Biology course in the Molecular Medicine program and participates in clinical conferences for medical students in Cell and Molecular Biology. (umaryland.edu)
  • We show that these factors are differently distributed to different cell lineages in the early embryo, which may be a key event in determining the cell cycle rate in these cells. (eur.nl)
  • For the first time we show that, PKC-3, a key component of the machinery that determines the front (anterior) from the back (posterior) of the embryo directly controls SLD-2 distribution, which might explain how the polarisation of the embryo causes changes in the proliferation of different cell lineages. (eur.nl)
  • Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This kinase has been shown to play a role in cellular proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS: Young and replication-induced senescent endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) derived from human circulating EPCs were used to examine cellular activities and senescence-associated indicators after transfection of short interference RNA specific to Panx1 or lentivirus-mediated Panx1 overexpression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Moreover, plant and animal E2Fs have also been shown to regulate other cellular functions in addition to cell proliferation. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Our data suggest that fetuin-A overexpression significantly enhances the invasive potential of the cells and also the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on these cells. (preprints.org)
  • Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
  • AA and the extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) blocker U0126 markedly inhibited migration, elevated smooth muscle 22 α (SM22 α ) expression, repressed VSMC proliferation, elevated miR-466f-3p and miR-425-3p expression, and suppressed miR-27a-5p and miR-128-5p expression in ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • The migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs lead to vascular wall remodeling, which is mediated by activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • FAK (focal adhesion kinase), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) were activated in senescent ECFCs with Panx1 knockdown, in which the intracellular calcium level was reduced, and the activation was inhibited by supplemented calcium. (bvsalud.org)
  • To make the decision of whether to enter the cell cycle or not, cells integrate information from a variety of intracellular and extracellular signals. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • To the best of the authors' knowledge, no computational model has been proposed to investigate the importance of HMGB1 in tumor proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recurrences are thought to be the result of proliferating micrometastases (especially in early recurrences) and activation of dormant cells (especially in late recurrences). (ascopost.com)
  • The protein p16INK4a is a potent cell cycle inhibitor and is a relatively selective CDK inhibitor. (foxchase.org)
  • Dr. Greg Enders developed TetOp16 transgenic mice which would allow for cell, tissue or organ-specific expression of p16INK4a, thereby allowing a broad control of cell proliferation in mice. (foxchase.org)
  • Taken together from these results, we may suggest an anticancer effect of genistein, a dietary phytoestrogen, on the estrogen-dependant cancers like ovarian cancer prompted by E2 or BPA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Deregulation of the proteolytic system might result in uncontrolled proliferation, genomic instability and cancer. (scienceopen.com)
  • Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were applied to detect the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • C, D). Arrows point to BrdU positive cells that express ElrC but not N-tubulin. (xenbase.org)
  • Arrowhead points to an example of a BrdU positive cell that does not express ElrC . (xenbase.org)
  • Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
  • Therefore, p21 is an intrinsic suppressor to neural regeneration after brain injury and may serve as a common molecular regulator restricting proliferation among stem cell pools from distinct tissue types. (rupress.org)
  • Positional cloning efforts revealed that this locus contains the SWI/SNF related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily B, member 1 ( SMARCB1 ) gene, also known as human sucrose non-fermenting gene number 5 ( hSNF5 ), integrase interactor 1 ( INI1 ) , or 47-Kd Brg1/Bam -associated factor ( BAF47 ). (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we examined the effect of a phytoestrogen, genistein, on the cell growth of BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing estrogen receptors (ERs) caused by E2 and BPA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), SMAD1, 2, 3, 5, and 8, are the only SMADs directly phosphorylated and activated by the kinase domain of type I receptors. (shu.edu)
  • TGF-β ligands bind type I and type II receptors at the cell surface. (shu.edu)
  • HMGB1 can activate a series of signaling components, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT, which play an important role in tumor growth and inflammation, through binding to different surface receptors, such as RAGE and TLR2/4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Xenopus p27(Xic1) gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of the Cip/Kip family. (xenbase.org)
  • Identification of PARD3 signature on PARD3 deficient H157 cell line, reconstituting the expression of PARD3 gene, with a wt and a mutant form. (nih.gov)
  • JAM3 expression in cell-cell junctions decreased with the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts. (bioone.org)
  • Furthermore, H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. (bioone.org)
  • Many aspects of Hes expression are regulated by Notch signaling, which mediates cell-cell communication. (biologists.com)
  • The miR-128-5p mimic promoted the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and suppressed p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression. (hindawi.com)
  • The inhibitor increased p21, p27, and SM22ɑ expression and repressed the migration, phenotypic transformation, and proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-128-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR-binding sequences of the p21 gene, negatively regulated p21 expression, and supported the proliferation of VSMCs. (hindawi.com)
  • Instead, miR-92a expression is specifically upregulated in ischemic tissues and appears to cell-autonomously repress the angiogenic potential of EC. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Concretely, E2 or BPA decreased the gene expression of p21, which is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor and responsible for the cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, to proliferate the BG-1 cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • Moreover, ectopic expression of the DcE2F1 cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants is able to upregulate AtE2FB and promotes cell proliferation, giving rise to polycotyly with low frequency, effects that are highly similar to those observed when over-expressing AtE2FA. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Immunopositivity (number of positive cases) and expression score (percentage of positive urothelial cells) were evaluated. (springeropen.com)
  • Effect of p27Xic1 MO on ElrC expression and proliferation. (xenbase.org)
  • In this compiled work, we elaborate on the effect of protein expression alterations and their resulting effect on recurrence capability of cells. (lu.se)
  • Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells, whereas tumor suppressor protein p53 impedes proliferation of cells with genomic damage. (nih.gov)
  • Purvalanol is a purine-derived CDKI that binds with a high selectivity and competitively to the ATP binding side of CDK1/2 and leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Protein and phospho-kinase arrays were used to determine underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • P27 is inactivated in cancer cells by various mechanisms including impaired synthesis, accelerated degradation, and mislocalization. (springeropen.com)
  • In this study, we explore mechanisms in breast cancer cells that potentially lead to recurrence. (lu.se)
  • MAGEH1 reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. (nih.gov)
  • The present studies were undertaken to address the role of fetuin-A in the growth and invasion potential in a triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-468. (preprints.org)
  • More importantly, the cells rely on fetuin-A-TLR4 signaling network for growth and invasion because the specific TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 (resatorvid) abrogates fetuin-A mediated growth and invasion. (preprints.org)
  • In Caco-2 cell experiments, the compound displayed modest permeability suggesting that it may show limited bioavailability via oral routes. (scienceopen.com)
  • In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
  • Their proliferation activity was reversed by the treatment of ICI 182,780, a well-known antagonist of ERs, which demonstrates that the cell proliferation by E2 or BPA is mediated by ERs and BPA certainly acts as a xenoestrogen in the BG-1 ovarian cancer cells. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Fig. 1: p38γ phosphorylates Rb and promotes liver proliferation after PHx. (nature.com)
  • In this review article, we will focus on a broad range of cannabinoids, their receptor dependent and receptor independent functional roles against various cancer types with respect to growth, metastasis, energy metabolism, immune environment, stemness and future perspectives in exploring new possible therapeutic opportunities. (oncotarget.com)