• Clone 9.2.27 has been shown to react with human melanoma cells, glioma cells, and proliferating brain endothelial cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Furthermore, they can connect malignant cells to benign cells, including vascular endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We explored whether LPL affects (a) lipoprotein transport across bovine aortic endothelial cells or (b) lipoprotein binding to subendothelial cell matrix (retention). (jci.org)
  • This 90 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer is expressed by vascular endothelial cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD105 or Endoglin is a Type I transmembrane protein, which is highly expressed on human vascular endothelial cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. (thermofisher.com)
  • This tissue is composed of splenic nodules, which are similar to the lymphatic nodules in lymph nodes and are packed with lymphocytes (T lymphocyte cells and B lymphocyte cells). (healthjade.net)
  • This pulp contains numerous red blood cells, which impart its color, plus many lymphocytes and macrophages. (healthjade.net)
  • Generally, T and B lymphocytes serve as effector cells and memory cells in the immune system. (pediaa.com)
  • Effector cells are the T and B lymphocytes of the immune system that serves in normal immune function. (pediaa.com)
  • Generally, there are two types of T lymphocytes: cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Moreover, memory T cells are T lymphocytes that also recognize previously encountered antigens. (pediaa.com)
  • Unlike B lymphocytes, T cells do not produce antibodies. (pediaa.com)
  • B and T lymphocytes serve as effector cells and memory cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Effector cells refer to relatively short-lived activated cells that defend the body in an immune response while memory cells refer to long-lived lymphocytes capable of responding to a particular antigen on its reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production. (pediaa.com)
  • In general, effector T cells either kill infected cells or help B lymphocytes to produce antibodies against antigens while effector B lymphocytes produce antibodies against pathogens. (pediaa.com)
  • Memory T cells are T lymphocytes that have the similar capability of recognizing foreign particles that they previously encountered. (biologyonline.com)
  • Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell capable of producing a specific immune response to unique antigens. (biologyonline.com)
  • Without mature B lymphocytes, antibody-producing plasma cells are also absent. (medscape.com)
  • Results: Mesoangioblast clones express Sca-1 and Flk-1 and differentiate into smooth and skeletal muscle, glial cells and adipocytes in vitro. (illinois.edu)
  • Some mesoangioblasts localize beneath the basal lamina and express c-met, whereas others differentiate into smooth muscle cells at the periphery of vessels and express α-smooth muscle actin. (illinois.edu)
  • Discussion & conclusion: Mesoangioblasts differentiate into multiple cell types damaged during the progression of severe muscle disease and protect fibers from damage. (illinois.edu)
  • In this context, if it is possible to immortalize normal human SAE BC that retain the capacity to differentiate to ciliated, secretory, and other differentiated cell types in vitro on air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, it would be very useful to the investigation of SAE biology in health and disease, and the assessment of pharmacologic agents targeted to modify dysregulated BC biology relevant to the pathogenesis of human lung disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells proliferate at 33 degree Celsius, and they differentiate at 37 degree Celsius. (cls.shop)
  • As a consequence, the reticuloendothelial and lymphoid organs in which these cells proliferate, differentiate, and are stored are poorly developed. (medscape.com)
  • Our results suggest that single cell-derived subclones from a patient can produce phenotypically heterogeneous self-renewing progenies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)
  • Regardless of the nomenclatures used, the CSCs (as the cells are commonly termed) that are isolated directly from patients' tumors are considered to serve as valuable tools that can enhance our understanding of tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistances and the functional heterogeneity of cancers in vitro and in vivo 5 . (nature.com)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • In addition, ebastine treatment exerted obvious effects on cell cycle arrest, metastasis inhibition, apoptosis and autophagy induction both in vitro and in vivo . (ijbs.com)
  • However, quail melanoblasts proliferate in response to EDN 3 stimulation in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Forty-two of 104 tetramer pos T-cell clones, isolated from 16 of 17 UCB samples, showed male-specific lysis in vitro. (ashpublications.org)
  • In many methodology, spleen cells from these hosts are combined in vitro with refined harmful myeloma cells. (eccscotland.com)
  • An accompanying proliferation of erythroid cells and megakaryocytes usually is present. (medscape.com)
  • cyclin A function was essential for proliferation of hematopoietic and embryonal stem cells. (immune-source.com)
  • 1997 In the work explained below we decided to revisit the requirement for cyclin A function in cell proliferation using conditional cyclin A knockout mice. (immune-source.com)
  • Signaling through CD19 induces tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium flux and proliferation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The receptor for CD19 is an important functional regulator of normal and malignant B cell proliferation, and is expressed in all B cell precursor leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mechanistically, EBF2 uniformly activates Pparγ-expression in pancreatic cancer cells and limits cell proliferation, whereas oncogenic drivers are expressed differentially in the progenitor cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • The complex PDAC pathobiology is established predominantly through KRAS mutations and the associated cellular signaling that contributes to cell proliferation and dedifferentiation ( 5 , 6 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Human T lymphotropic virus type 1-assoicated (HTLV-1-associated) myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neuroinflammatory disease caused by the persistent proliferation of HTLV-1-infected T cells. (jci.org)
  • Up regulation of endoglin expression has been demonstrated in tumor vasculature and proliferating cells, suggesting that it is a proliferation associated endothelial marker. (thermofisher.com)
  • Inocculate T75 cell culture flasks with 1x 10^4 cells/cm^2 (about 60.000 cells/ml, 12ml medium in one T75) for the proliferation process. (cls.shop)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
  • The main difference between effector and memory cells is that effector cells are short-lived cells whereas memory cells are long-lived cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Effector cells and memory cells are two types of cells in the immune system. (pediaa.com)
  • Furthermore, the other type of effector cells is effector B cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Normally, effector B cells are also called plasma B cells . (pediaa.com)
  • There are four types of memory T cells: central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells, and virtual memory T cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Normally, central memory T cells and effector memory T cells occur in lymph nodes and peripheral circulation. (pediaa.com)
  • Moreover, effector cells are short-lived cells while memory cells are long-lived cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Effector cells defend the body in response to an immune response while memory cells recognize and mount an immune response to a previously encountered antigen. (pediaa.com)
  • In brief, effector cells and memory cells are two types of cells in the immune system. (pediaa.com)
  • The main function of the effector cells is to mount an immune response to a particular pathogen. (pediaa.com)
  • Therefore, the main difference between effector and memory cells is their lifespan and function. (pediaa.com)
  • When we placed dissociated glioma tissues on uncoated culture dishes, some cells formed sphere-like aggregates, whereas other cells grew out and extended cellular processes ( Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • These large cells may be free, or fixed in various tissues. (healthjade.net)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue-resident memory T cells occur in tissues while virtual memory T cells occur in clonal expansion events. (pediaa.com)
  • Thereafter, the OHO31 protein is predominantly expressed, albeit at reduced levels, in proliferating tissues. (rupress.org)
  • Isoform 2 has the highest expression levels in tissues containing proliferating cells. (lu.se)
  • When either the sphere-forming system or the adherent system is used, some of the cancer cells can be propagated but other cells are lost because of cell death/apoptosis or differentiation. (nature.com)
  • A major limitation in approaching this problem has been the lack of suitable cell lines that exhibit normal, terminal, and synchronous differentiation in the absence of endogenous oncoproteins and in response to physiologic cytokines, and whose differentiation can be arrested by ectopically expressed human oncoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • Clones were identified that proliferated as immortalized blasts in the presence of estrogen, and that exhibited granulocytic, monocytic, or bipotential (granulocytic and monocytic) differentiation on estrogen withdrawal. (nih.gov)
  • Differentiation was normal and terminal as evidenced by morphology, cell surface markers, gene expression, and functional assays. (nih.gov)
  • The differentiation of the cells could be arrested by heterologous oncoproteins including AML1/ETO, PML/RARalpha, PLZF/RARalpha, Nup98/HoxA9, and other Hox proteins. (nih.gov)
  • These myeloid cell lines provide tools for examining the biochemical and genetic pathways that accompany normal differentiation as well as a system in which to dissect how other leukemic oncoproteins interfere with these pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that cell differentiation suppresses tumor formation. (amegroups.org)
  • Cells were transfected with the early B-cell factor-2 (EBF2) to activate progenitor cell differentiation and gauged the tumorigenic potentials of the derived cell subsets. (amegroups.org)
  • Here we show that the brown adipose differentiation gene, EBF2, activates differentiation-associated signals in the cancer progenitor cells in culture and CSC transplantation models. (amegroups.org)
  • This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of EBF2 in regulating PDAC progenitor cell differentiation and tumor suppression. (amegroups.org)
  • The basal cells (BC) are the stem/progenitor cells of the SAE, responsible for the differentiation into intermediate cells and ciliated, club and mucous cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The resulting cell line (hSABCi-NS1.1) was characterized by RNAseq, TaqMan PCR, protein immunofluorescence, differentiation capacity on an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), airway region-associated features and response to genetic modification with SPDEF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The immortalized hSABCi-NS1.1 cell line has diverse differentiation capacities and retains SAE features, which will be useful for understanding the biology of SAE, the pathogenesis of SAE-related diseases, and testing new pharmacologic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OP9 feeder cell co-culture system was used to measure the hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES and iPS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the preparation of our manuscript, another group reported that Sirt6 knockout ES cells skewed towards neuroectoderm differentiation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early stages of B-cell differentiation can be identified by the status of the immunoglobulin genes and by the cell surface markers CD34, CD19, and surface immunoglobulin (sIg). (medscape.com)
  • First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
  • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or monoclonal antibody termed Ki-67 can be used for grading of different neoplasms, e.g. astrocytoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Imaging of the nuclear distribution of PCNA (via antibody labeling) can be used to distinguish between early, mid and late S phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • GBM, as its name suggests, is composed of a pathologically heterogeneous mixture of cells that exhibit varying degrees of cellular and nuclear polymorphism 2 . (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the cell cycle-dependent accumulation of OHO31 in the nucleus indicates that this protein may be required for critical nuclear reactions occurring at the onset of mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • Cell engineering through gene editing is fundamentally a two-step bioprocess. (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study was to identify additional cooperative gene(s) associated with BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1 in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • A gene coding for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) was constructed from 16 oligodeoxynucleotides synthesized chemically and cloned into Eco RI- Sal I sites of pBR322. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 1983 Subsequently cyclin A genes have been found in all multicellular organisms including humans (Pines and Hunter 1990 While only a single cyclin A gene is present in the genomes of and cultured fibroblasts XI-006 or other cell types blocked DNA synthesis consistent with the essential function for cyclin A in DNA replication (Girard et al. (immune-source.com)
  • The gene-targeting construct was launched into embryonal stem (ES) cells and heterozygous cyclin A2f/+ (Af denotes XI-006 the "floxed" allele) ES were obtained through homologous recombination (Figures 1A and 1B). (immune-source.com)
  • We reported previously that the avian EDNRB gene is expressed in the neural fold before crest cell migration and later on in all the neural crest derivatives except, at any developmental stage, in the melanocytic lineage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Amazingly, the first human cancer gene was cloned only thirty years ago. (jcancer.org)
  • We have cloned the oho31 gene of Drosophila melanogaster and determined its nucleotide sequence. (rupress.org)
  • This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The presence of immune cells in UCB that are not directed against maternal foreign Ags is remarkable and may explain the reported clinical observation of improved HSCT outcome with younger sibling donors. (ashpublications.org)
  • Memory cells are long-lived immune cells capable of recognizing foreign particles they were previously exposed to (thus, the memory in their name). (biologyonline.com)
  • These immune cells do not respond immediately when it first encounters an antigen but facilitates a more rapid secondary response when the antigen is encountered on a subsequent occasion. (biologyonline.com)
  • Under that stimulus, immune cells proliferate and keep growing. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant clonal disorder of the bone marrow lymphopoietic precursor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a group of neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic precursor cells of the bone marrow. (medscape.com)
  • The time for 1 cell division is prolonged with respect to that of normal bone marrow blast cells. (medscape.com)
  • The bone marrow is gradually replaced by blast cells. (medscape.com)
  • a bizarre accumulation of mutated stem cells in bone marrow increases a person's risk of dying within a decade, usually from a heart attack or stroke, by 40 or 50 percent. (kateva.org)
  • Nearly her entire supply of white blood cells was generated by mutated stem cells in her bone marrow. (kateva.org)
  • Doctors know that a much smaller number of people with GD can develop multiple myeloma, a malignancy of bone marrow plasma cells. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Blood cells form in the bone marrow, spongy tissue inside your bones. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant (clonal) disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Novel epitopes were identified by establishing T antigenipecific CD4 and CD8 T-cell clones from healthy donors which recognised antigen expressing cells. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Tumor cells display a variety of antigens which have been defined by antibodies. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This interaction results in a more complex alteration of both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Consequently, the heterogeneity of tumor cells is constantly evolving. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • High-throughput sequencing methods are utilized to analyze the mutational spectrum and evolutionary trajectories of tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Genetic alterations of BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2), MYC [v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)] and CCND1 (cyclin D1) are the most frequently found alterations in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
  • In these compartments cyclin A-Cdk complexes are expressed at particularly high levels which may render stem cells dependent on cyclin A. INTRODUCTION Replication of genetic material during cell division in Metazoan organisms is thought to be driven by cyclin A. Cyclin A was the first cyclin cloned in any organism (Swenson et al. (immune-source.com)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, no genetic foundation for cell diversity was observed within resistant clones. (cbirt.net)
  • However, an important limitation of antibodies is that cells need to be fixed leading to potential artifacts. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells provide protection to infection by cytokine-mediated mechanisms or through production of antibodies. (omicsonline.org)
  • Experiments with B cell deficient mice have demonstrated that B cells and antibodies are essential for complete clearance of parasites from blood of the host [2]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The main function of plasma B cells is to secrete antibodies in humoral immune response and to activate cytotoxic and helper T cells to generate a cell-mediated immune response. (pediaa.com)
  • Due to their B cell properties, some hybridoma clones proceed to combine and emit hereditarily homogeneous antibodies against a solitary epitope, called monoclonal antibodies. (eccscotland.com)
  • While, our monoclonal optional antibodies are delivered from mouse hybridoma clones. (eccscotland.com)
  • Myeloma is cancer that develops in the plasma cells, a type of white blood cells that helps your body fight infection by producing antibodies. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • An inhibition of the normal development of hematopoietic cell elements occurs. (medscape.com)
  • Glial cells represent a model target since they are plentiful, proliferate in response to injury and most importantly, are highly plastic. (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • However, while the conversion of glial cells to functional neurons represents an attractive therapeutic approach for a number of neurodegenerative disorders, there has so far been limited success (3). (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • Two recent papers from Qian et al (4) and Zhou et al (5) demonstrate that reduced expression of the RNA binding protein PTB (encoded by Ptbp1-polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) allows the direct conversion of glial cells to neurons. (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • Direct neuronal conversion of resident glial cells is advantageous since they are ubiquitously distributed brain cells able to self-renew and replenish their number, making them ideal candidates for endogenous repair. (lu.se)
  • The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. (thermofisher.com)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • These cells contain CD8+ receptors that recognize antigens presented with the MHC class I molecules . (pediaa.com)
  • Helper T cells, on the other hand, contain CD4+ receptors that recognize antigens presented with the MHC class II molecules . (pediaa.com)
  • Since they are a clone of a parent B cell, memory B cells contain the same B cell receptors as the parent B cell. (pediaa.com)
  • As clones, the memory B cells bear the same B cell receptors as those of the parent B cell. (biologyonline.com)
  • Each colony is split and sequentially exported for on-target sequencing and further off-chip clonal expansion of the validated clones. (nature.com)
  • TCRβ repertoire analysis revealed higher clonal expansion in HTLV-1-infected cells compared with noninfected cells from patients with HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers (ACs). (jci.org)
  • The most persuasive roles for HSV and HCMV in human tumourigenesis are as mutagens, as activators of cellular transcription or in switching on the synthesis of host cell proteins not normally expressed in untransformed cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cells infected with this recombinant virus (gG-VAC) synthesized glycosylated proteins of 48K, 57K and 61K mol. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • proteins in HSV-1-infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In leukemias, a clone of malignant cells may arise at any stage of maturation, that is, in the lymphoid, myeloid, or pluripotential stage. (medscape.com)
  • It did not react with fetal melanocytes, neuroblastoma LA-N-1 cells or a variety of carcinoma, lymphoid, and fibroblastoid cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • ALL may be distinguished from other malignant lymphoid disorders by the immunophenotype of the cells, which is similar to B- or T-precursor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Immunochemistry, cytochemistry, and cytogenetic markers may also aid in categorizing the malignant lymphoid clone. (medscape.com)
  • The malignant cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are lymphoid precursor cells (ie, lymphoblasts) that are arrested in an early stage of development. (medscape.com)
  • AML is not a disorder of rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Phenotypic consequences of editing are rapidly assessed on-chip with cell-surface staining for CXCR4. (nature.com)
  • Mutated blood cells began proliferating in the mice, and they developed rapidly growing plaques that were burning with inflammation. (kateva.org)
  • The rapidly growing cells are more likely to mutate and become cancerous. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Although this heterogeneity is generally discussed in terms of pathological structures, examining the dynamic heterogeneity at the cellular level is fundamental to understanding the origins of the cells, potential therapeutic targets and the source of tumor recurrences 3 . (nature.com)
  • 2]The premise of androgen ablationrelies on growth of most prostate carcinomacells being androgen-dependent.The androgen receptor expressedby these cells binds dihydrotestosterone,which is then transported intothe nucleus, leading to a cascade ofevents that induces cellular growth. (cancernetwork.com)
  • TNT cellular networks are upregulated between cancer and stromal cells under hypoxic and other conditions of physiologic and metabolic stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • The substrate is cell-permeable and serves as the basis for the HDAC Cellular Activity Assay Kit (Prod. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • The older, more fragile red blood cells may rupture during this passage, and the resulting cellular debris is removed by phagocytic macrophages in the venous sinuses. (healthjade.net)
  • ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening disease whose treatment is made difficult by a number of mutations or receptor overexpression in the proliferating cellular clones. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 or Bcl2 , Myc and CCND3 synergistically transformed mouse primary B cells into aggressive malignant cells. (haematologica.org)
  • HLA-identical sibling stem cells are used for the treatment of patients suffering from various hematologic malignant and nonmalignant diseases. (ashpublications.org)
  • As the myeloma cells proliferate, they crowd out the healthy red and white blood cells that your body needs to carry oxygen to your organs and fight disease. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • As myeloma cells multiply, they can create substances that damage the bones, causing bone fractures (breaks) or pain. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • A Yale University study published in 2016 found that myeloma cells target specific lipids that are elevated in the blood. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Many people with Gaucher disease have elevated lipids that might make them more vulnerable to myeloma cells. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • Briefly, after electroporation of primary T cells with CXCR4 -targeting Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, single T cells are isolated on a chip and expanded into colonies. (nature.com)
  • rogue cells spread out across the esophagus, forming colonies of mutant cells, known as clones. (kateva.org)
  • Upon exposure to therapeutic drugs, resistant clones form resistant colonies and proliferate. (cbirt.net)
  • Cell viability assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays demonstrated that ebastine elicited antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Leukemias are a group of heterogeneous neoplastic disorders of white blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • The results allowed comparison of replication timing between polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and chromosomes from cultured diploid cell lines and to observe a substantial similarity in the global replication patterns at the band resolution level. (sdbonline.org)
  • Cluster analysis showed similarity in TCRβ sequences in HTLV-1-infected cells, suggesting that they proliferate after common antigen stimulation. (jci.org)
  • The resulting plasmid and the wild-type BmNPV genomic DNA were cotransfected into BM-N cells, and a recombinant virus was isolated by the limiting dilution method. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • BML mutations thus result in defects in DNA repair and genomic instability in the somatic cells, predisposing the patients to cancer development. (medscape.com)
  • The overall result of the genomic instability in the proliferating cells is a high risk of malignancy, reduced fertility or infertility, B- and T-cell immunodeficiencies, and cutaneous manifestations, including photosensitivity, poikiloderma, and telangiectatic erythema. (medscape.com)
  • In laboratory settings, glioma stem cells (GSCs) can be isolated by adding EGF and FGF to suspension cultures in the absence of serum, which is the so-called sphere-forming method, or by using adherent culture systems in which specific materials are coated on culture dishes 4 , 6 . (nature.com)
  • 7 Importantly, it is believed that other hitherto unknown genes also play important roles in lymphomagenesis in addition to the synergistic effects of the aforementioned two oncogenes since human B-cell lymphomas often show a variety of genes subject to alterations and/or deregulated expression. (haematologica.org)
  • Importantly, human B-cell lymphoma cases with concurrent multiple translocations including BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 have been reported. (haematologica.org)
  • Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
  • More importantly, we found that IPMK interacted with AMPK and functioned as a positive regulator of AMPK protein in osteosarcoma cells. (ijbs.com)
  • It is possible to convert one somatic cell type to another with the best-known example being the reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by "Yamanaka factors" (1). (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)
  • The cell lines were established by conditional immortalization of primary murine marrow progenitors with an estrogen-regulated E2a/Pbx1-estrogen receptor fusion protein. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we performed a T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis focused on HTLV-1-infected cells to identify and track the infected T cell clones that are preserved in patients with HAM/TSP and migrate to the CNS. (jci.org)
  • Because most cancers have a clonal origin, cancer stem cells (CSCs) must generate phenotypically diverse progenies including mature CSCs that can self-renew indefinitely and differentiated cancer cells that possess limited proliferative potential. (nature.com)
  • The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which was first described in studies on leukemia, has attracted considerable attention in other cancer fields, including the one devoted to brain tumor 4 . (nature.com)
  • Moreover, even when high-purity single-cell sorting can be achieved, viability after sorting is often low to moderate, especially for cell types that are particularly sensitive to hydrodynamic stress or low-density culture conditions (e.g., primary cells or pluripotent stem cell lines). (nature.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and poorly differentiated progenitor cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exacerbate hierarchical tissue organization contributing to cell hyperproliferation and therapy resistance. (amegroups.org)
  • mutations], especially those linked to leukemia, seem to give stem cells a new ability to accumulate in the marrow. (kateva.org)
  • At the first she had developed just two mutated stem cells. (kateva.org)
  • Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
  • These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)
  • When genome editing induces a phenotypic alteration that is detectable by fluorescence (i.e., cell-surface expression of a target that can be non-lethally assessed with fluorescently labeled antibody), FACS provides a method of enriching edited cells 9 , narrowing the number of clones to propagate and analyze. (nature.com)
  • Results Primary B cells exogenously expressing Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 showed factor-independent growth ability, enhanced colony-forming capability and aggressive oncogenicity, unlike the cases observed with the expression of any combination of only two of the genes. (haematologica.org)
  • The CD19 molecule is expressed on 100% of the peripheral B cells as defined by expression of kappa or lambda light chains. (thermofisher.com)
  • Expression profiles for individual cells are then produced with scRNA-seq. (cbirt.net)
  • Lentivirus-mediated expression of SPDEF in hSABCi-NS1.1 cells induced secretory cell metaplasia, accompanied with characteristic COPD-associated SAE secretory cell changes, including up-regulation of MSMB, CEACAM5 and down-regulation of LTF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • We isolated CSCs from low passage PDAC cell lines derived from human tumors and commercially available cell lines. (amegroups.org)
  • Quantifying peripheral T-cell responses to the large- and small T-antigens in patient groups and healthy donors by ELISpot showed that like with other polyomaviruses, responses were weak. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Applications Tested: This HIB19 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Expanded HTLV-1-infected clones revealed different distributions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood and were enriched in the CSF of patients with HAM/TSP. (jci.org)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • Generally, helper T cells recognize antigens presented in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. (pediaa.com)
  • Memory cells are the long-lived cells in the immune system that have the ability to recognize antigens previously recognized by the immune system. (pediaa.com)
  • During the interphase of early embryonic cell cycles, the OHO31 protein is present in the cytoplasm and massively accumulates in the nucleus at the onset of mitosis in late interphase and prophase. (rupress.org)
  • CD19 appears to be expressed on myeloid leukemia cells, particularly those of monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
  • Kumar V, Rakha A, Saroa R, Bagai U (2015) CD4+T Cells Expansion in P. berghei (NK-65) Infected and Immunized BALB/C Mice. (omicsonline.org)
  • The transformed cells are, however, all oncogenic in the host animal and in immunocompetent mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Over time, the percentage of RFP positive cells expressing mature neuronal markers increased in AAV-shPTB injected mice thus demonstrating astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • In contrast to control treated mice, treatment of mice with AAV-shPTB was able to restore the number of neuronal cell bodies together with a robust restoration of striatal dopamine and activity-induced dopamine release. (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • The SVI cell line has been cloned from the outgrowth of glomeruli which were isolated from H-2kb-tsA58 transgenic mice. (cls.shop)
  • Here we comprehensively characterized the kinetics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in VRP-vaccinated mice, and demonstrate that they predominantly target the nucleoprotein (NP). (cdc.gov)
  • Design and Methods Growth in culture, colony formation and oncogenicity in vivo were assessed in mouse primary B cells exogenously expressing various combinations of Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 . (haematologica.org)
  • Mesoangioblasts proliferate in vivo, incorporate into muscle fibers, form new fibers, and promote synthesis of clystrophin and utrophin. (illinois.edu)
  • cells for allogeneic transplantation without immunosuppression 6,153,428 .alpha. (europeanstrokenetwork.eu)
  • A consequence of the latter cell flow was recently demonstrated in a clinical study in cord blood transplantation. (ashpublications.org)
  • The spleen also acts as the primary reservoir for platelets and as a filter for red blood cells (RBCs), removing damaged or malformed red blood cells from the circulation. (healthjade.net)
  • The normal adult spleen contributes to the homeostasis of the body by removing from the blood useless or potentially injurious materials (e.g., abnormal or "wornout" red blood cells and microorganisms) and by synthesizing immunoglobulins and properdin 2 . (healthjade.net)
  • These abnormal erythrocytes are destroyed in cells of reticuloendothelial system (mainly in the spleen). (poznayka.org)
  • Compared to the large airway cell line BCi-NS1.1, differentiated of hSABCi-NS1.1 cells on ALI were enriched with small airway epithelial genes, including surfactant protein genes, LTF and small airway development relevant transcription factors NKX2-1, GATA6, SOX9, HOPX, ID2 and ETV5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Part of the protein was sequenced and that sequence was used to allow isolation of a cDNA clone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morphological transformation studies have failed to demonstrate a viral oncogene, a virus-coded transforming protein or any sequence of DNA that uniquely transforms cells according to one-hit kinetics. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The silkworm larvae infected with the recombinant virus produced 3·6 mg of the fusion protein per larva and the infected BM-N cells produced 0·3 mg per ml of culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • IGF II was released from the fusion protein produced by BM-N cells infected with the recombinant virus by CNBr treatment, purified by extraction with guanidine-HCl, column chromatography and HPLC and the correct amino-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • When cultured on ALI, hSABCi-NS1.1 cells consistently formed tight junctions and differentiated into ciliated, club (SCGB1A1 + ), mucous (MUC5AC + , MUC5B + ), neuroendocrine (CHGA + ), ionocyte (FOXI1 + ) and surfactant protein positive cells (SFTPA + , SFTPB + , SFTPD + ), observations confirmed by RNAseq and TaqMan PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • These substances can create a clone of plasma cells that react against specific lipids (complex fat molecules) in the body, against saposin protein, or both. (gaucherdisease.org)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • This report describes clonal, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent myeloid cell lines that exhibit these properties. (nih.gov)
  • The mutations of the used PCR free and conclusion covariates now and linkage are I further infects the regression cell. (scoutconnection.com)
  • large numbers of study participants had blood cells with mutations linked to leukemia - but they did not have the cancer. (kateva.org)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • Resistant clones have shown unexpected heterogeneity, but it is unclear whether these differences are inherent or if outside factors are to blame. (cbirt.net)
  • Flow cytometry analysis of CD19 was performed by staining Raji CD19 Knock out cells with 0.25 µg Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control (P3.6.2.8.1), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-4714-82, yellow histogram) or 0.25 µg CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (HIB19), PE, eBioscience™ (Product # 12-0199-42, blue histogram). (thermofisher.com)
  • Memory cells, on the other hand, recognize and mount immune responses against a previously recognized antigen. (pediaa.com)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate expressed on M21 human melanoma cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Applications Tested: This MJ7/18 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of bEnd.3 cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, female UCB comprises HY-specific cytotoxic T cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for killing virus-infected cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Upon recognition, cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis and degranulation in infected cells. (pediaa.com)
  • Therefore, they detect the same antigen that the parent B cell encountered. (pediaa.com)
  • These peptides offer the distinct advantage that they can be used in situ in living tissue and even distinguish cells undergoing replication from cells undergoing repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the greatest barriers to treating neural degeneration and neural tissue injury is the fact that neurons do not proliferate, and there are only a few areas of the brain that exhibit neurogenesis. (vectorbuilder.jp)
  • However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)
  • Although studies have identified unique transcription factors in the selection of normal pancreatic lineages, the cells of origin and molecular mechanisms arbitrating PDAC growth are poorly defined. (amegroups.org)
  • Control the cell morphology and confluency under the microscope. (cls.shop)
  • In Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS), T helper cells of host have been reported to be necessary for inducing a protective immune response against the blood stages of parasite [1]. (omicsonline.org)
  • For the functional screening, Bcl2 - and Myc- expressing primary B cells were infected with a retroviral cDNA library. (haematologica.org)
  • The barcodes for clones obtained from the previously performed steps in FateMap are amplified and, subsequently, sequenced to produce a cDNA library. (cbirt.net)